Ukwahlukana kweNkcubeko kwiNgxaki yokuXhalabisa kweNtlalo
Ulwahluko lwenkcubeko kwixhala lentlalo luyaziwa ukuba lukho. Uphando lusitshela ukuba indlela yokukhathazeka kweentlalo (SAD) ezizibonakalisa ngayo iyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo kunye nenkcubeko ophakanyisiweyo.
Oku kunengqiqo kuba iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zinemithetho eyahlukeneyo yoluntu kunye nokulindela. Oko kuthethwa ngokuthi "ukulungeleka" ukuziphatha eUnited States kunokugxininiswa eJapan, kwaye ngokufanayo.
Ukongezelela, uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho ukungafani kwintlalo ye-SAD kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Iimali eziPhezulu
Iingxelo ezivela kwi-National Comorbidity Survey kunye ne-National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) ibonisa ukuba amaqela eenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo anamazinga ahlukeneyo okuxhalabisa abantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhalaba kweentlalo akuqhelekanga kumazwe aseMpuma Asia.
- Iziphumo ezivela kuhlolisiso zibonise iirhafu eziphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya ku-7.9% e-United States ngokumalunga no-0.4% eTaiwan.
- Amazwe aseMerika aseMelika ayenamazinga afana nawo amaninzi afana ne-United States, ngelixa i-Korea, iChina neJapan ibonisa amaxabiso angama-0.6%, i-0.2% kunye ne-0.8%.
- Iziphumo ezivela kuphando lwe-epidemiological ziye zabonisa amazinga aphezulu ase-Russia
Iimpawu zengozi eyongeziweyo
Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lwe-2001-2002 lwe-epidemiologic lwabantu abangaphezu kwama-40,000 lubonise ukuba kukho ingozi enkulu yokukhathazeka kwentlalo yabantu baseMelika, abantu abancinci, kunye nalabo abanemivuzo ephantsi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, la maqela alandelayo ayenomngcipheko omncinci we-SAD: amadoda, ama-Asians, ama-Hispanics, abamnyama kunye nabahlala kwiidolophini.
INkcubeko ithintela njani ukuxilonga
Ukongezelela kokungafani kwintlalo yoluntu ephuma ngokuthe ngqo kumasiko ahlukeneyo, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba iingcali zempilo yengqondo zingahluka njani ukuba zifumanisa njani ingxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo kuxhomekeke kwinkcubeko yabo.
Kwezinye iinkcubeko, kukho iintlobo ezithile zeengxaki ezifana neengxaki zokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle.
Ngokomzekelo, eJapan naseKorea, kukho iTaijin Kyofusho (TKS) , ebhekisela ekukhathazeni ngokuboniweyo okanye ukucaphukisa abanye abantu. Abo baphethe i-TKS ngokubanzi baphephe uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zentlalo.
Nangona abo abane-SAD besoyika ihlazo, abo abane-TKS besoyika abanye abantu (nabo baziwa ngokuba yi-focus allocentric).
Ngokomzekelo, unokwesaba ukunika izivumba ezimbi ( jikoshu-kyofu ), ukuxuba ( sekimen-kyofu ), ukubonakalisa okungalunganga ubuso, okanye ukukhangela ngokungalunganga ukuba unayo i-TKS. Abanye banokwesaba ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo ( jikoshisen-kyofu ).
Kukho ukuhlala kuba ngamadoda ngaphezu kwamabhinqa anamaTKS kunye nabo baneengxaki ngokubanzi banesifo esisodwa. Nangona oku kungavakala kungavamile kubantu abavela eNyakatho Melika, oku kungenxa yokungafani kwenkcubeko.
Ulwahlukileyo ekuphenduleni ukwelashwa
Akukho buphando obungqina bokuxhasa umbahluko wendlela abantu abasabela ngayo kunyango kwi-SAD phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ama-Asiya aseMntla Melika athande ukulibazisa unyango ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo.
Inkcazo yokuxhalabisa ngeNtlalo ngeNkcubeko
Ngokubanzi, kukho iinkalo ezininzi zeenkcubeko ezinokuchaphazela ukuxhalabisa kweentlalo.
Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo wobuqu bomntu ( ukugxilwa kwe-idocentric ) ngokumalunga nokuqhelaniswa kobambiswano (i- focal point ) ingabaluleka.
Iintlangano zentlangano zivame ukwamkela ngokwengeziwe imilinganiselo yezenzo zentlalo; eqondakalayo ngokwemigangatho ephantsi ye-SAD emazweni aseAsia. Ukongezelela, abo bahlala kwiinkcubeko ngabanye baya kubonisa ukuxhalaba kweentlalo ngokuzimela kwabo ngelixa iindawo ezihlangeneyo ziza kuba neentloni.
Uhlolisiso lwentlalo yoluntu kubantu baseTshayina lubonisa uphawu oluyingqayizivele: ukwesaba ukwenza abanye banganeliseki okanye bawaphathe ngendlela engenanzuzo.
ILizwi
Ngokubanzi, ukwesaba koluntu kuxhomekeka kwimeko yenkcubeko ohlala kuyo. Ukuba uvavanywa ngenxa yengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu, kubalulekile ukuba uqeqesho lwenkonzo yakho yengqondo yenza ukuba uxilongwe oluqwalasela imeko yakho yenkcubeko kunye nentlalo.
Yintoni enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo ekuziphatheni ezifanelekileyo kuluntu eJapan ayiyi kuba e-United States. Ixhala lezenhlalakahle kufuneka lisoloko lihlolwe ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo inkcubeko yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Fan Q, Chang WC. Ukukhathazeka kweNtlalo phakathi kwabantu baseTshayina. I-World World Journal . 2015; 2015: 743147. i-doi: 10.1155 / 2015/743147.
> Hoffman SG, Asnaani A. Iinjongo zeNkcubeko kwiNkxalabo yeNtlalo kunye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa. Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa . 2010; 27 (12): 1117-1127.
> Howell AN, uBuckner JD, iiveki JW. Inkcubeko yokuhlonipha inkolelo kunye nokuxhalaba kwentlalo: Ukungqubana komda-wesithili kunye nokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kobudlelwane phakathi kweentlonipho, ukuxhalaba kwentlalo kunye nobudlova. Cogn Emot . 2015; 29 (3): 568-577.