Abaphandi baphando njani ingqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu? Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zophando, indlela yokuhlola ivumela abaphandi ukuba bajonge ubudlelwane obangela-kunye-effect.
Kwindlela yokulinga, abaphandi bachonga baze bachaze iinguqu eziphambili, baqulunqe i-hypothesis, basebenzise iziguquko baze baqokele idatha kwimiphumo.
Iziguquko eziqhelekileyo zilawulwa ngokucophelela ukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho kwimiphumo yolu vavanyo.
Jonga ngokujonge kwiNkqubo yeCandelo loPhando kwi-Psychology
Indlela yokulinga iquka ukusetyenziswa kweyintlobo enye ukujonga ukuba utshintsho kwisitshixo esisodwa lubangela utshintsho kwezinye iinguqu. Le ndlela incike kwiindlela ezilawulwayo, isabelo esingenanto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziguqukileyo ukuvavanya ingcinga.
Iintlobo zeengcaphephe
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo abaphandi abanokukhetha ukusebenzisa. Uhlobo lovavanyo olukhethiweyo luncike kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kuquka nabathathi-nxaxheba, i-hypothesis kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo kubaphandi.
1. IiLabhendi zoLwazi
Uvavanyo lwebhabhi luqhelekileyo kwizengqondo ngenxa yokuba vumela abazama ukulawula ngaphezulu kweziguquko. Le mizamo ingaba lula kwabanye abaphandi ukuba baphendule. Ingxaki, okwenene, kukuba oko kwenzekayo kwibhabhi ayisoloko ifana noko kwenzekayo kwihlabathi lenene.
2. Iingcambu zoMmandla
Ngamanye amaxesha abaphandi banokukhetha ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zabo kwintsimi. Ngokomzekelo, makhe sicinge ukuba isazi senzululwazi senhlalakahle sinomdla ekuphandeni ukuziphatha kwangaphambili . Umhloli angaba nomntu ozenza ngathi utyhafile aze agcine ukujonga ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukujonga.
Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokuba yindlela enhle yokubona ukuziphatha kwisenzo kwizicwangciso ezichanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwenza kube nzima ngabaphandi ukuba balawule iinguqu kwaye bavelise iimpawu eziphazamisayo ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo.
3. I-Quasi-Iimvavanyo
Ngoxa iil lab kunye neentlobo zamehlo zimela izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizilingo zokwenene, abaphandi banokusebenzisa uhlobo lwesithathu olubizwa ngokuba yi-quasi-test. Ezi zihlandlo zibizwa ngokuba yizilingo zendalo ngenxa yokuba abaphandi abanakho ukulawula okwenene kwizinto ezizimeleyo. Kunoko, izinga leyeza lonyango lichongiwe yimiqathango yendalo yimeko. Umphandi okhangelelanisa ukungafani komntu kunye nomyalelo wokuzalwa, umzekelo, akakwazi ukulawula iimeko ezizimeleyo kwiimeko. Amanqanaba okunyanga ayinakunikwa ngokulandelelana ngenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bawela ngamaqela asele asele ngaphambili ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo yabo yokuzalwa kwiintsapho zabo.
Ngoko kutheni umphandi angakhetha ukusebenzisa i-quasi-test? Olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimeko apho ososayensi abanomdla ekufundeni iziganeko kwiimeko zendalo, ezisehlabathini zangempela. Kwakhona kukhethwa kakuhle kwiimeko apho abaphandi abanakho ukuziphatha ngokuzimeleyo ngokungafaniyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokwazi
Ukuze uqonde indlela indlela yokuhlola isebenza ngayo, kukho imigaqo ethile ebalulekileyo kufuneka uqale uyiqonde.
Ukutshintsha okuzimeleyo yonyango olwenziwa ngumhloli. Ezi ziguquko zicingelwa ukuba zenze uhlobo oluthile lomphumo kwisinye isitshixo. Ukuba umphandi wayephanda indlela ukulala kweempembelelo zokulinganisa amanqaku, umlinganiselo wokulala umntu ufumana uya kuba yinto emelekileyo.
Uhlobo oluxhomekeke kuyo luyimpembelelo eyenziwa ngumlingisi. Kwimzekelo yethu yangaphambili, amanqaku okuvavanya aya kuba yinto exhomekeke kuyo.
Iinkcazo zokusebenza ziyimfuneko ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo.
Xa sithethile into ehlukeneyo okanye echaseneyo, kufuneka sibe nencazelo ecacileyo kwaye ichazwe yentsingiselo kunye nobubanzi baloo miguquko.
Iingcamango zentetho yokuthabatha okanye ukuqiqa malunga nobuhlobo obunokwenzeka phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Kwimzekelo yethu yangaphambili, umphandi unokuxhobisa ukuba abantu abafumana ubuthongo obuninzi baya kwenza bhetele kwiimvavanyo zezibalo ngosuku olulandelayo. Injongo yolu vavanyo ke ngoko kukuxhasa okanye ukuhluleka ukuxhasa le ngcamango.
Inkqubo yoVavanyo
Iingcali zengqondo, njengayezinye izazinzulu, zisebenzisa indlela yesayensi xa iqhuba uvavanyo. Indlela yenzululwazi yimiqathango yemigaqo nemigaqo ekhokela indlela oososayensi abaphucula ngayo imibuzo yophando, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokufikelela kwizigqibo.
Amanyathelo amane asisiseko kwenkqubo:
- Ukwenza i-Hypothesis
- Ukuyila iSifundo kunye nokuqokelela idatha
- Ukuhlalutya idatha kunye nokufikelela kwizigqibo
- Ukwabelana ngeziphumo
Uninzi lwabafundi bezengqondo ziya kulindeleka ukuba basebenzise indlela yokulinga ngethuba elithile. Ukuba ufuna ukujonga ngokukodwa inkqubo, qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise ukuphazamiseka kwezinyathelo-nge-nyathelo zendlela yokwenza uvavanyo lwezengqondo ngolwazi olungakumbi.