Xa uva ilizwi leengcinga, ingqiqo yokuhlola i-IQ ingafika ngokukhawuleza engqondweni. Ubulumko buvame ukuchazwa njengengqondo yethu; into esizalelwe ngayo, into enokulinganiswa, kunye namandla anzima ukutshintsha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimbono zengqondo ziye zavela. Enye into enjalo ngumbono weengqondo ezininzi ezicetywayo ngu-Harvard wengqondo yengqondo uHoward Gardner.
Iingcamango zeMicrosoft Intelligences
Le ngqungquthela ibonisa ukuba imibono yengqondo yendalo yengqondo ayizincipha. UGardner wayechaze okokuqala ingcamango yakhe kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Iimpawu Zengqondo: I-Theory ye-Multiple Intelligences", ngo-1983 ethi "Iingcamango Zengqondo ezininzi" apho wacebisa ukuba bonke abantu babe neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze "intelligences." UGardner ucebise ukuba kukho iingqondo ezisibhozo, kwaye ucebise ukongezwa kweso sithuba se-9 esaziwa ngokuba yi "existentialist intelligence".
Ukuze uthabathe uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezakhono kunye neetalente abantu abazenzayo, uGarnner ubonisa ukuba abantu abanalo nje ingqondo, kodwa baneentlobo ezininzi zobunkokheli, kubandakanywa nomculo, ngokubambisana, ukubonakala kwendawo kunye neengqondo.
Nangona umntu enokuba yomelele kwindawo ethile, njengengqiqo yomculo, mhlawumbi unalo uluhlu lwezakhono. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokuba namandla kwizityholo zomculo, zomculo kunye nolwazi lwendalo.
Ukugxeka
Ingcamango kaGardner iphantsi kokugxeka kubomi bezengqondo kunye nootitshala. Abagxeki bathi inqaku lika-Gardner lobunkokheli lininzi kakhulu kwaye iinqununu zakhe "ezahlukeneyo" zimelela nje izakhono, iimpawu zobuntu kunye nobuchule. Ingcamango kaGardner nayo ibangelwa ukungabikho kokuxhasa uphando oluthile.
Nangona kunjalo, inkolelo yeengqondo ezininzi iyakuthandwa kakhulu ngabafundisi. Ootitshala abaninzi basebenzisa iingqondo ezininzi kwiimfilosofi zabo zokufundisa kwaye basebenze ukudibanisa ingcamango kaGalner eklasini.
Ukufunda okungakumbi malunga neengqondo ezininzi kunokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi amandla akho. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neempawu eziphambili zohlobo ngalunye lweengcaphephe, kwaye ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uluphi uhlobo oluchaza kakuhle, le mibuzo ingakunceda ukuba uyiqaphele.
I-1 - I-Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Amandla: Isigwebo sokubonakala kunye nesithuba
Abantu abaqinileyo kwi-intelligence-spatial intelligence bahle ekuboniseni izinto. Laba bantu bahlala bekholekileyo kunye nezikhombisi, amashadi, iividiyo kunye nemifanekiso.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobungcali bobugcisa obubonakalayo ziquka:
- Uyakujabulela ukufunda nokubhala
- Kuhle ukubeka iipuzzle ndawonye
- Kuhle ukutolika imifanekiso, iirafu kunye namashadi
- Unomdla wokudweba, ukudweba, kunye nobugcisa obubonakalayo
- Uyabona iipateni ngokulula
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwi-intelligence-spatial intelligence, ukhetho oluhle kumsebenzi kuwe:
- Umcwangcisi
- Umculi
- Injini
I-2 - Iilwimi-Intelligence Intelligence
Amandla: Amagama, ulwimi kunye nokubhala
Abantu abanamandla kwiilwimi-zengqondo zetekisi banako ukusebenzisa amagama kakuhle, zombini xa bhala nokuthetha. Laba bantu bahlala becala ngokubhala amabali, ukukhumbula ngeenkcukacha, nokufunda.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobulumko beelwimi ziquka:
- Kuhle ukukhumbula ulwazi olubhaliweyo noluthethiweyo
- Uyakujabulela ukufunda nokubhala
- Kuhle ukuxubusha okanye ukunika iingxoxo ezikholisayo
- Unako ukuchaza kakuhle izinto
- Ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa amahlaya xa exelela amabali
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwiingqondo-zengqondo, ukukhetha okulungileyo kum:
- Umbhali / intatheli
- Igqwetha
- Titshala
I-3-Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Amandla: Ukuhlalutya iingxaki kunye nemisebenzi yemathematika
Abantu abanamandla kwizixhobo zobulumko beemathematika baqiqa kakuhle, baqonda iipatheni, kwaye bahlalutya ngeengxaki iingxaki. Aba bantu bathambekele ekucingeni ngobuchule malunga namanani, ubudlelwane kunye neepatheni.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zesicatshulwa esinengqiqo-mbalo ziquka:
- Ubunono bokuxazulula iingxaki
- Uvuyela ukucinga ngeengcamango ezingabonakaliyo
- Uthanda ukuqhuba uphando lwezenzululwazi
- Kukulungele ukuxazulula iingcamango ezinzima
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwisicatshulwa esinengqiqo-semathematika, ukhetho oluhle lokuzikhethela wena:
- Sosayensi
- IMathematika
- Umqondisi wekhompyutha
- Injini
- Kwi-akhawunti
I-4 - I-Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Amandla: Ukunyakaza, ukulawula imoto
Labo abanesiphakamiso esiphakamileyo somzimba kuthiwa bahamba kakuhle ekuhambeni komzimba, ukwenza izenzo kunye nokulawula ngokomzimba. Abantu abomeleleyo kule ndawo bavame ukuba nokulungelelaniswa kwamehlo okubambisana kunye nokuxhamla.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zengqondo yomzimba ziquka:
- Ulungile ekudleni nakwizemidlalo
- Uyavuya ukudala izinto ngezandla zakhe
- Ulungelelaniso lomzimba oluhle
- Uqala ukukhumbula ngokukwenza, kunokuva okanye ukubona
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwi-intelligence-kinesthetic intelligence, ukhetho oluhle lomsebenzi kuwe:
- Dancer
- Umakhi
- Umdwebi
- Umdlali
5 - Intelligence Intelligence
Amandla: Isiqu kunye nomculo
Abantu abaneengqondi eziqinileyo zomculo zilungile ekucingeni kwiipatheni, izandi kunye nezandi. Bayixabisa kakhulu umculo kwaye bahlala bekulungele ukubunjwa komculo kunye nokusebenza.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobunjineli bomculo ziquka:
- Ukuzonwabisa nokudlala izixhobo zomculo
- Ubona iipateni zomculo kunye neetoni kalula
- Kuhle ukukhumbula iingoma nemiculo
- Ukuqonda okucebileyo kwesakhiwo somculo, isigqi, kunye namanqaku
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwisicatshulwa somculo, ukhetho oluhle lokuzikhethela kuwe:
- Umculi
- Umqambi
- Umculi
- Utitshala womculo
- Umqhubi
6 - Intelligence Intelligence
Amandla: Ukuqonda nokuthetha nabanye abantu
Labo abanengqondo echanekileyo yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo bayakwazi ukuqonda kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye abantu. Laba bantu banamakhono ekuvavanyeni iimvakalelo , izizathu, iiminqweno kunye neenjongo zabo bajikeleze.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobulumko bobuntu ziquka:
- Kuhle ukuthetha ngokuthetha
- Abanobuchule ekunxibelelaneni okungabonakaliyo
- Ubona imeko kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo
- Udala ubudlelwane obuhle nabanye
- Kuhle ukuxazulula ingxabano kumaqela
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwi-intelligence yoluntu, ukhetho oluhle kumsebenzi wakho:
- Weengqondo
- Ifilosofi
- Mcebisi
- UMthengisi
- Wezopolitiko
I-7 - Intrapersonal Intelligence
Amandla: Ukwazisa nokuzibonakalisa
Abantu abanobuchule obunengqondo engaphelelanga bayakwazi ukuqonda zabo iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo zabo kunye nezizathu zabo. Bavame ukuzonwabisa nokuzihlalutya kunye nokuhlalutya, kubandakanya ukuhamba, ukuhlola ubudlelwane nabanye, nokuvavanya amandla abo.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobunhloli bobunzima ziquka:
- Kuhle ukuhlalutya amandla akhe kunye nobuthathaka
- Uyavuya ukuhlalutya iingcamango kunye neengcamango
- Ukuziqonda kakuhle
- Uyaqonda ngokucacileyo isiseko sezinto zakhe nezizathu zakhe
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwi-intelligence ye-intrapersonal, ukhetho oluhle kumsebenzi wakho:
- Ifilosofi
- Umbhali
- Theorist
- Sosayensi
8 - Intelligence Intelligence
Amandla: Ukufumana iipatheni kunye nolwalamano kwimvelo
I-Naturalistic yongezwa kutshanje kwi-theory ye-Gardner kwaye idibene nokuxhatshazwa ngaphezu kweengqondo zakhe ezisixhenxe zokuqala. Ngokutsho kukaGardner, abantu abaphakamileyo kulolu hlobo lweengcaphephe baninzi kwiimvelo kwaye bahlala benomdla ekukhuliseni, ekuhloliseni imo, nasekufundeni ngezinye iintlobo. Laba bantu bathiwa bayazi kakuhle nokuba utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwiindawo zabo.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zobulumko bendalo ziquka:
- Unomdla kwizinto ezifana ne-botany, i-biology kunye ne-zoology
- Kukulungele ukuhlukanisa kunye nokwahlula ulwazi ngokulula
- Ngamana unokufumana inkampu, ukulima, ukuhamba, nokuhlola ngaphandle
- Andiyolanga ukufunda izihloko ezingaqhelekanga ezingenalo uxhumano kuluntu
Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi
Ukuba unamandla kwi-intelligence intelligence, ukhetho oluhle kumsebenzi wakho:
- Biologist
- LoLondolozo
- Igadi
- Ifama
> Imithombo:
> Gardner H. Intelligence yahlutha: Iintelligences ezininzi kwi-21 Cent Century. ENew York: iiNcwadi eziSiseko; 1999.
> Gardner H. Ubuninzi beentelligences . Epapashwe ngo-2004.
> Gardner H. Iifom yeengqondo: Iingcamango ezininzi ze-Intelligences. ENew York: iiNcwadi eziSiseko; 1983.
> Gardner H. Kwiintlobo Zeentlobo Zobulumko. Daedalus. Ubusika 2002; 131 (1): 139-142.