Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bathi ubulumko babo bubonakala buncipha njengoko bebudala, uphando lubonisa ukuba nangona ulwaphulo-mkhuhlane luqala ukunciphisa emva kobutsha, i-intelligence-crystallization iyaqhubeka ikhula xa ikhulile.
Ziziphi iingqondo eziqhekezayo kunye nezikhenkceli? I-Psychologist uRaymond Cattell yaqala ukuphakamisa iingcamango zengqondo echanekileyo kunye ne-crystallized intelligence kwaye yaqhubela phambili i-theory noJohn Horn.
Inkolelo yeCattell-Horn yezobuchwephesha ezichanekileyo kunye nekristallized intelligence ibonisa ukuba ingqiqo yenziwe ngamakhono ahlukeneyo asebenzisanayo kwaye asebenzisane kunye nokuvelisa ubulumko bonke.
Yintoni iFluid Intelligence?
UCattell wachaza i-intelligence intelligence ngokuthi "... ukukwazi ukuqonda ubudlelwane obuzimeleyo kwimiqathango ethile yangaphambili okanye imfundiso ngokuphathelele ezo nxu lumano."
Intelligence intelligence kuquka ukukwazi ukucinga nokucinga ngokucacileyo nokulungisa iingxaki. Olu buchule lubonwa njengezimeleyo zezifundo, amava kunye nemfundo. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kweengcaphephe zengqondo ziquka ukuxazulula iipuzzle kwaye iza nezicwangciso zokusombulula iingxaki .
I-intelligence ye-Fluid ihlala iyancipha ngexesha lokudala.
Uphi uColstallized Intelligence?
I-intelligstalised intelligence ibandakanya ulwazi oluvela kwimfundo yangaphambili kunye namava adlulileyo. Imiba efuna i-intelligence edibeneyo ifaka ukufunda ukuqonda nokuvavanya isigama.
Olu hlobo lobunqwanqwa lusekelwe kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye lugxilwe kumava. Njengoko sikhula kwaye siqokelela ulwazi olutsha kunye nokuqonda, i-intelligence e-crystallized is stronger.
Njengoko unokulindela, olu hlobo lobunkokheli ludinga ukwandisa ngobudala.
I-Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence
Ngokutsho kukaKnox (1977), "... bakha amandla omhlaba wonke wokufunda, ukuqiqa nokuxazulula iingxaki abaninzi abantu ababhekisela kuzo njengengqondo.
I-intelligence and crystallized intelligence iyancedisa ukuba iminye imisebenzi yokufunda ikwazi ukuqonda kakuhle ngokusebenzisa i-intelligence or crystallized intelligence. "
Zombini iintlobo zeengcaphephe zibaluleke ngokufanayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Ngokomzekelo, xa uthabatha uvavanyo lwezengqondo, unokufuna ukuxhomekeka kobunqwanqwa bokuqhelisa ukuba ufikelele kwisicwangciso sokusombulula ingxaki yamanani, ngelixa ufanele usebenzise i-intelligence edibeneyo ukukhumbula iifomula ezifunekayo ozisebenzisayo.
Intelligence intelligence kunye nomlingani wayo, i-crystallized intelligence, zizinto zombini uKattell abhekisela kuzo njengengqondo jikelele. Nangona ubuchule beengqondo buquka ukukwazi kwethu ukucinga kunye nokujongana nolwazi olunzima olukusijikelezayo, ukukhanya kwengqondo kubandakanya ukufunda, ulwazi kunye nezakhono ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokuphila.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphandle kwegama, i-intelligence intelligence ayilona uhlobo lwengqondo yolwazi oluye lwaba 'lukhuni.' Kunoko, iimbini zombini zengqondo jikelele zibhekwa njengezihlukileyo kwaye zihluke.
Ubulumko bobuGcisa kunye nobuChule boBomi
I-intelligence and crystallized intelligence itshintsha ukutshintsha ubomi, kunye nekhono elithile lokwenza ingqondo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo .
Kukho ixesha elide likholelwa ukuba ulawulo lweengcaphephe lukholelwa ekugqibeleni, kodwa uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba ezinye iinkalo zobulumko bobuchopho zingaphaya kwexesha elineminyaka engama-40. I-Crystallized intelligence ithambekele ekugqibeleni kamva ebomini, ixabise iminyaka engama-60 okanye i-70 .
Ezinye izinto okumele zikhunjulwe ngokuphathelele ukhenketho olumanzi kunye nolwazi:
- Zombini iintlobo zengqondo zonyuka kulo lonke ubuntwaneni kunye nentsha.
- I-intelligence fluid iphakame ebusheni kwaye iqala ukuncipha ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqala malunga ne-30 okanye 40.
- I-intelligstalised intelligence iyaqhubeka ikhula xa ikhulile.
Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba uqeqesho lweengqondo lungadlala indima ekuphuculeni iinkalo ezithile zeengcaphephe zengqondo.
Imithombo:
Hurley, D. (2012, ngo-Ephreli 18). Ngaba unokuzenza uziqaphele? I-New York Times Magazine. Ukufunyanwa kwi-www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/magazine/can-you-make-yourself-smarter.html
Horn, JL, & Cattell, RB (1967). Ulwahluko lwamaxesha e-intelligence and crystallized intelligence. I-Acta Psychologica , 26, 107-129.
UKnox, AB (1977). Uphuhliso lwabantu abadala kunye nokufunda. ISan Francisco: uJossey-Bass.