Isigaba sesine soPhuhliso lwengqondo
Ushishino ngokubhekiselele kokungaphantsi kwesigaba sesine senkolelo ka- Erik Erikson yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo . Isigaba senziwa ngexesha lobuntwaneni phakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 kunye neshumi elinanye.
Isishwankathelo esiphuthumayo seSigaba sesine seNgqondo
- Ulwaphulo lwengqondo: Ushishino ngokubhekiselele kwi-Inferiority
- Umbuzo Omkhulu: "Ndingaba njani na?"
- Ubuhle obuyisiseko: Ukhuphiswano
- Isiganeko esibalulekileyo: Isikolo
Ngokutsho kwengcamango ka-Erikson, abantu bayaphumelela ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo njengoko bekhula kwaye bakhula. Ngokungafani nezinye iimbono zentuthuko, iinguqu zee-Erikson zitshintsha ezenzeka kuyo yonke imihla yokuphila, ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni.
Iingcamango zengqondo azigxininisi kwiinguqu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo njengoko abantwana bekhula, kodwa kunokuba ziimeko zentlalo ezichaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo komntu. Kwinqanaba ngalinye ekuphuhliseni, abantu bajamelana neengxaki zengqondo. Ukuze kulungiswe le nkathazo, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bajongene nokuqonda umsebenzi ophuhliso oluphambili kule nqanaba.
Ukuba olu buchule lufezekiswe ngempumelelo, lukhokelela ekunikeni amandla okubangela ukuba uphile impilo yonke. Umzekelo, ukuphumelela ukuthembela kuwumsebenzi oyintloko kwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso. Kuyakwazi ukuba negalelo kwimpilo yengqondo ebomini ngexesha lobuntwaneni kunye nokudala.
Ukungaphumeleli ukuqonda le mi sebenzi ebalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kunokubangela iingxaki zentlalo kunye nemvakalelo eyadlula ubomi.
Ngoko yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha le shishini ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba eliphantsi? Ziziphi izinto ezibangela impumelelo jikelele kulo mbandela uphuhliso? Ziziphi ezinye zeziganeko eziphambili ezibangela ukukhula kwengqondo?
Ihlabathi leNtlalontle landa
Ukusebenzisana kwesikolo kunye nentlalo kubambe indima ebalulekileyo ngeli xesha lobomi bomntwana. Ihlabathi lezenhlalakahle lomntwana likhula kakhulu njengoko beya esikolweni baze bafumane ubuhlobo obutsha kunye noontanga. Ngokusebenzisana kwentlalo, abantwana baqala ukuhlakulela ukuzikhukhumeza kwiziphumo zabo kunye namakhono abo.
Ngexesha lokuqala, ulwalamano lomntwana lujoliswe ngokukodwa kwiinkathalo, amalungu omndeni kunye nabanye abasendlwini yabo yangaphambili. Njengoko isikolo siqala, ummandla wempembelelo yentlalo uyanda kakhulu.
Abahlobo kunye nabafundi abafunda nabo badlala indima kwindlela abantwana abaqhubela phambili ngayo kwishishini ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ophantsi. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bokudlala kunye nomsebenzi wesikolo, abantwana bayakwazi ukuphuhlisa umgangatho wobuchule kunye nokuziqhenya ngamakhono abo. Ngokuziva bekwazi kwaye banako ukukwazi, abantwana banako ukwenza kwakhona i- self-concept .
Ngexesha lokusebenzisana nentlalo kunye noontanga, abanye abantwana banokufumanisa ukuba amandla abo angcono kunabo bahlobo babo okanye ukuba iitalente zabo zixabiseke kakhulu ngabanye. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimvakalelo zokuzithemba. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana banokufumanisa ukuba abanako ukukwazi njengabanye abantwana, oko kungabangela ukungafaneleki.
Umsebenzi weSikolo Unceda Ukwakha Ikhono kunye Nokuzithemba
Kwimigangatho yangaphambili yokuphuhliswa, abantwana babenokwazi kakhulu ukubandakanya imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kunye nokufumana indumiso kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Xa isikolo siqala, ukusebenza okwenziweyo kunye nekhono zivavanywa. AmaBakala kunye nemibiko evela kootitshala bayakhuthaza abantwana ukuba baqwalasele ngakumbi umgangatho wabo womsebenzi wabo.
Ngexesha loshishino ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ongaphantsi, abantwana banako ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, bazama ukuqonda izakhono ezintsha. Abantwana abakhuthazwayo nabanconywa ngabazali nootitshala bathuthukisa ukuvakalelwa kunye neenkolelo zabo.
Abo bafumana encinci okanye bengakhuthazwa ngabazali, ootitshala okanye oontanga baya kubabaza ukuba bakwazi ukuphumelela. Abantwana abazabalazela ukuhlakulela le ngqiqo yobuchule banokuvela kule nqanaba ngeemvakalelo zokungaphumeleli kunye nokunyaniseka. Oku kunokubeka isiteji kwiingxaki zengqesho ekuhambeni. Abantu abangaziva banako ukukwazi ukuphumelela, banokungathi bazame izinto ezintsha kwaye banokucinga ukuba iinzame zabo aziyi kuphinda zihlolwe.
Iziganeko zale nqanaba zinganceda okanye zenze ukuzithemba
Ngokuka-Erikson, eli nqanaba lubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuzithemba . Ngexesha lesikolweni kunye neminye imisebenzi yentlalontle, abantwana bafumana indumiso kunye nokuqwalasela ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengokufunda, ukubhala, ukudweba nokulungisa iingxaki .
Abantwana abaqhuba kakuhle esikolweni banokuthi bavelise ukuqonda kunye nokuzithemba. Bavakalelwa kakuhle ngabo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuphumelela.
Abantwana abanobudlelwane nomsebenzi wesikolo bangaba nexesha elinzima ukuphucula le mizwa yokuqiniseka. Kunoko, basenokushiywa benomvakalelo wokungafaneleki kunye nokunyaniseka.
Ngaba Abazali Nabafundisi Bangaphumelela njani Ngethuba loshishino kunye noBuchule boMgangatho?
Kule nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba bobabini abazali nabafundisi banike inkxaso kunye nokukhuthaza. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala kufuneka baqaphele ukuba bangalingani nokuphumelela kunye nokwamkelwa kunye nothando. Uthando olungenamlinganiselo kunye nenkxaso kubantu abadala banokukunceda bonke abantwana ngeli nqanaba, kodwa ngokukodwa abo banokujamelana neemvakalelo zokungaphantsi.
Ngabanye uhlangothi, abantwana abancinciweyo, banokuba nekratshi. Ngokucacileyo, ukulingana kudlala indima enkulu kule ndawo ekuphuhlisweni. Abazali banokunceda abantwana bavelise ingqiqo yokuqonda ngokugwema ukudumisa kunye nemivuzo emininzi, ukukhuthaza imizamo esikhundleni sesiphumo, nokunceda abantwana bahlakulele ukukhula kwengqondo . Nangona abantwana bezama kunzima kwezinye iindawo zesikolo, ukukhuthaza abantwana kwiindawo apho bahamba khona banokukunceda ukuba babe neengqondo zokuba nekhono lobuchule kunye nokuphumelela.
Umzekelo weShishini kunye noTshintsho
Mhlawumbi indlela engcono kakhulu yokujonga indlela i-industry ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba elichaphazelekayo elinokuchaphazela umntwana kukujonga umzekelo. Khawucinge nje ngababini ababini kwinqanaba elifanayo le-4.
U-Olivia ufumanisa ubunzima bezesayensi, kodwa abazali bakhe bazimisele ukumnceda ubusuku bonke ngemisebenzi yakhe yasekhaya. Ucela uthisha uncedo aze aqale ukufumana isikhuthazo kunye nokudumisa imizamo yakhe.
UJack naye ulwa nesayensi, kodwa abazali bakhe abanomdla ekumncedeni umsebenzi wakhe wasekhaya. Uvakalelwa kakubi ngebanga elihlwempuzekileyo alifumanayo kwizabelo zakhe zesayensi kodwa akaqinisekanga ukuba benzani malunga nale meko. Utitshala wakhe ubaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi wakhe kodwa akaniki nawuphi na uncedo olungaphezulu okanye iingcebiso. Ekugqibeleni, uJack ushiya nje, kwaye amabakala akhe ahamba ngakumbi.
Nangona bobabini abantwana babenzima nale nkalo yesikolo, u-Olivia wathola inkxaso kunye nokukhuthazwa ayekufuneka anqobe olu bunzima kwaye aphinde akhe umqondo wokulawula. Noko ke, uJack wayengenaso isikhuthazo sentlalo kunye nomoya owawufuna. Kulo mmandla, u-Olivia uya kuvelisa umboniso woshishino apho uJack eza kushiywa yimvakalelo.
> Imithombo:
> Anderson, RE, Carter, I., & Lowe, GR Ukuziphatha kwabantu kwiNtlalo-ntle: Indlela yeNtlalo. I-New Brunswick: IYunivesithi yaseChigago Press; 2009.
> I-Carducci, i-BJ I-Psychology of Personality: Iimbono, uPhando, kunye nezicelo. Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.
> Erikson, EH Ubuntwaneni kunye noMbutho. ENew York: Indlu engaqhelekanga; 2014.