Ukuqhubekiswa kweMpilo yeMbuyekezo
Ukuxilongwa kweziyobisi kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye isifo esingapheliyo. Abantu abanamava okuxilwa kweziyobisi, bezinye iinkathazo, abanqwenelekayo, abanqwenela izidakamizwa zabo ezikhethiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baya kuqhubeka befuna nokusebenzisa iziyobisi naphezu kokufumana imiphumo emibi kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa.
Iimpawu zoLungiso
Ngokutsho kweMerika Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), umlutha ubonakaliswe ngu:
- Ukungakwazi ukuhlala ngokukhawuleza kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye amava okuvuza (njengokungcakaza ngentsholongwane, ngokwesini, okanye ngokutya ngokutya)
- Ukukhubazeka ekulawuleni ukuziphatha
- Ukuqwenela ixabiso okanye amava avuzayo
- Ukuthotywa kweengxaki ezibalulekileyo ngokuziphatha kwakho kunye nolwalamano oluxhamlayo
- Impendulo yeempembelelo ezingasebenzi
Nangona ezi zinto zilapha zilapha zilapha zintlanu zihlala zikhona kwiimeko ezininzi zokuxhatshazwa, i-ASAM ichaze ukuba le miba emihlanu ayinakusetyenziswa ukuxilonga umlutha. "Ukuxilongwa komlingo kudinga uvavanyo olubanzi lweengqondo, lwengqondo, lwentlalo, noluntu kunye nolwazi olungokomoya oluqeqeshiwe."
Ukubonakaliswa koBungozi
Xa abahlobo kunye namalungu entsapho bejongene nomntu othandekayo onomlutha, ngokuqhelekileyo iziphatho zangaphandle zomntu ezibonakalisa iimpawu zomlutha.
Lezo ziphatha zijoliswe ngokusisiseko ekulawuleni izidakamizwa:
- Ixesha elidlulileyo lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi naphezu kwemizamo yokulawula
- Ukongeza ixesha lokusebenzisa okanye ukubuyisela kwimiphumo yeziyobisi
- Ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo naphezu kweengxaki eziqhubekayo
- Ukunciphisa ukugxininisa kwimiphumo edibene nokuxhatshazwa
- Ukungakwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa iingxaki
Ukungakwazi Ukuyeka
Uphando lubonisile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ixesha elide kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwemiziphike ebuchosheni bomlutha oguqula inkqubo yomvuzo yengqondo ekhuthaza ukufuna iziyobisi ngokunyanzeliswayo ekujonganeni nemiphumo emibi.
Lo mqathango wokulutha, xa umsebenzi uqhubeka nangona kukho imiphumo emibi kwaye nangona kunjalo awusayi kubuyisa, ubizwa ngokuba yiingcali zengxubeba " ukuphishekela umvuzo ." Ingumphumo weenguqu zeekhemikhali kwi-circuit circuit reward.
Indlela Umlutha Uqala Ngayo
Isizathu sokuba abantu bahlanganyele emsebenzini onokuba ngumlutha kwindawo yokuqala kukufumana ukuvakalelwa kwintswelo okanye ukukhulula isimo sengqondo se-dysphoria -xakeka, ukunganeliseki, ukuxhalabisa okanye ukungazinzi. Xa batywala, bathabathe iidakamizwa, okanye bathathe inxaxheba kwezinye iindlela zokufuna umvuzo (njengokugembula, ukutya okanye ukulala) bafumana "phezulu" obanika umvuzo okanye ukhululo abafunayo.
Esi sikhulu sisiphumo somsebenzi we-dopamine kunye ne-opioid peptide yomsebenzi kwimibhobho yomvuzo yengqondo. Kodwa emva kokuphakama phezulu, kukho isaphulelo se-neurochemical esibangela umsebenzi wokuvuza wengqondo ukuwa phantsi kwezinga eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo. Xa umsebenzi uphindaphindiwe, inqanaba elifanayo lokuzonwabisa okanye ukufumana uncedo aluphumelelanga. Ukubeka nje, loo mntu akaze afike phezulu njengokuba enza okokuqala.
Amanqanaba angaphantsi kunye neeNtshonalanga
Ukongezwa kwinto yokuba umntu onomlutha uhlakulela ukunyamezela kwizinga eliphezulu lokufuna ukuphumeza inqanaba elifanayo lokuzonwabisa-kukuba into yokuba umntu akavelanga ukunyamezela kwiimeko eziphantsi ezivakalelwa emva koko.
Kunokuba abuyele "kwinto eqhelekileyo," umntu uphinde abuyele kwisimo esicacileyo se-dysphoria.
Xa uba ngumlutha, loo mntu ukwandisa isixa semithi, utywala, okanye ubukhulu beendlela zokuziphatha umlingo ngomzamo wokubuyela kwimeko yokuqala ye-euphoric. Kodwa umntu ugqiba ngokufumana ubunzulu obunzulu nangaphantsi njengoko umjikelezo wezobuchopho zengqondo uphendukela kumjikelezo wokuxila kunye nokuhoxiswa.
Xa Ukufunwa Kwimivuzo Kuba Ngokwempilo
Ngokutsho kweMerika Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), le ngongoma apho ukuphishekela imiphumo kuba yintsholongwane:
- Ukufuna umvuzo kuya kuba nzima okanye kufuneke.
- Ukuziphatha kuphelile ukuba kuvuyiswe.
- Ukuziphatha akusayi kunceda.
Akukho ixesha elide Umsebenzi weSikolo
Ukubeka ngenye indlela, umntu onomlutha ufumene unyanzelekile-naphezu kweenjongo zakhe ukuyeka-ukuphinda ukuziphatha okungekho mvuzo ukuzama ukubalekela ukuzivala kakhulu kokugula kodwa ufumane ukukhululeka.
Ngokutsho kwe-ASAM, kulo mgca umlutha awusekho kuphela umsebenzi wokuzikhethela. Ngenxa yoko, imeko yokuxhatshazwa yindawo edibanayo, kuba ngumlutha kunye nabo bajikelezayo.
Isifo esingapheli kunye nokubuyela kwakhona
Kwiimilingo ezininzi, umlutha unokuba yisifo esingasigxina, esithetha ukuba unokubuyela emva kwezifo ezingapheli-ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo se-asthma, kunye nesifo sengqondo-xa izigulane zihluleka ukuthobela unyango lwabo. Ezi zibuyele kwakhona ziyakwenzeka nangemva kwexesha elide lokuziyeka. Umlutha unokuthatha inyathelo lokufaka ukuxolelwa kwakhona. Kodwa uhlala engozini yomnye umva kwakhona. I-ASAM ithi "Ngaphandle kokonyango okanye ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela, umlutha uyaqhubeka kwaye ungabangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa kwangaphambili."
> Imithombo:
> Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo. Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/ngeniso-.
> Inkcazo yoLungiso (i-Long Version). I-American Society of Addiction Medicine. https://www.asam.org/quality-practice/definition-of-diction.