Ukuziqonda kubandakanya ukuqaphela izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziquka izici, ukuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo. Okubalulekileyo, imeko yengqondo eyazibeka kuyo ingqwalasela .
Ukuziqonda ngenye yezinto zokuqala zeengcamango zokuzimela . Nangona ukuqonda ngokwayo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungubani, akuyona into ojolise kuyo yonke imini yemihla.
Endaweni yoko, ukuqonda ngokwabo kuya kubonakala kwinto yokuba ungubani kwaye uphuma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nobuntu bakho.
Abantu abazalwanga ngokupheleleyo. Sekunjalo uphando lufumene ukuba iintsana zinengqondo ebonakalayo yokuziqonda. Iintsana zinolwazi lokuba zihlukile kwabanye, ezibonakaliswa ziziphathamandla ezifana ne-reflex yokuqhafaza apho umntwana usesha ikhwelo xa into ethile ibhuqa ubuso bakhe. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba nabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa bakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokuthintela kunye nokungazibandakanya.
Xa Kuqala Ukuqwashisa?
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba ingqiqo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwazisa ngokuzimela iqala ukuvela kwimizuzu engama-ubudala ubudala kwaye iqhutywe ngakumbi malunga neenyanga ezili-18 ubudala.
Abaphandi uLee noBrowns-Gunn benza izifundo ekujongeni indlela ukuziqhelisa ngayo kuqhubeka.
Abaphandi basebenzisa icwecwe elibomvu kwiimpumlo zentsana baza babamba umntwana kwisibuko. Abantwana abazibonela ngokwabo kwisibuko babeza kufumana iindondo zabo kunokuba babonakalise kwisibuko, esibonisa ukuba babenomlinganiselo othile wokuziqonda.
U-Lewis noBrowns-Gunn bafumanisa ukuba phantse akukho bantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka elilodwa babeza kufumana iipumlo zabo kunokuba babonakalise kwisibuko.
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-25 zeentsana eziphakathi kweenyanga ezili-15 neye-18 zafikelela kwiintonga zawo ngelixa malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zalawo aphakathi kweenyanga ezingama-21 ne-24 zenze njalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uLee noBrowns-Gunn bafundela kuphela ukubonakalisa ukuzibona komntwana; Abantwana banokuthi bafumane ezinye iindidi zokuzibonela ngokwabo kweli xesha lokuqala ebomini. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi uL Lewis, uSullivan, uSanger, noTeiss bacetyiswa ukuba ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo kubandakanya ukuziqonda kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngokuphathelele kwabanye abantu.
Ukuphuhlisa Ukuziqonda Kanjani?
Abaphandi bacebise ukuba indawo yengqondo eyaziwa njenge-cortex yangaphambili i-cortex ehlala kwindawo yangaphambili ye-lobe ithatha indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukwazi. Uphando luye lwasebenzisa i-brain imaging ukubonisa ukuba lo mmandla usebenze kubantu abadala abakwaziyo. Uvavanyo luka Lewis no Brooks-Gunn lubonisa ukuba ukuqonda ngokwabo kuyaqala ukuvela kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, iminyaka ehambelana nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezifake kwi-cortex yangaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba isiguli sigcina ukuqonda ngokwenza umonakalo omkhulu kwimimandla yengqondo kuquka i-insula kunye ne-cortex yangaphambili.
Oku kuphakamisa ukuba le mimandla yengqondo ayifuni kwiinkalo ezininzi zokuziqonda nokwazi ukuba kunokuvela kwiintsebenziswano ezisasazwa kwiinkonzo zengqondo.
Amanqanaba okuZimazela
Ngako-ke, abantwana bazi njani ngokwenene njengezinto ezihlukeneyo? Abaphengululi bacetyisa ukuba abantwana baqhubela phambili kwinqanaba leendlela zokuziqonda phakathi kokuzalwa kunye no-4 okanye 5 ubudala. Ukuziqonda kubonwa ngendlela abantwana abaphendula ngayo ngokwabo kwisibuko.
Inqanaba 1: Ukwahlukana - Okwangoku, abantwana baqala ukuqaphela ukuba oko kubonakaliswa kwisibuko kuyahluke kwizinto abazibona nje kwimeko.
Umgangatho wesi-2: Imeko- Eli nqanaba lokuziqonda libonakaliswa ngokuqonda okukhulayo ukuba ukunyakaza okuzenzekelayo kunokubonakala kwi-mirror surface. Abantwana bayazi ukuba ziyiminyango yabo.
Umgangatho wesi-3: Ukuchonga - Ngeli nqanaba, abantwana bayawuqonda umfanekiso kwisibuko njengoko bebodwa kunokuba omunye umntu abukelele.
Umgangatho wesi-4: Ukuhlala isigxina - Abantwana abakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kuphela ngokwabo kubonakaliswa kwisibuko, banokufumanisa nomfanekiso wabo kwimifanekiso nakwiimifanekiso zomoya.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukuzimela ngokwabo okanye "i-meta" yokuziqonda - Kule nqanaba, abantwana abaqapheli kuphela ngokwabo, kodwa bayazi ukuba bahlala njani engqondweni yabo.
Iintlobo zokuziNgca
Iingcali zengqondo zisoloko zichitha ukwazisa ngokwazo kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zikarhulumente okanye zibucala.
Ukwazisa Uwonkewonke
Olu hlobo luvela xa abantu bebona indlela ababonakala ngayo kwabanye. Ukwazisa ngokubanzi abantu kuvela kwiimeko xa abantu beliziko lokuqwalasela, njengokuba besinikela okanye bathetha neqela labahlobo.
Olu hlobo lokwazisa ngokwabo luvame ukunyanzelisa abantu ukuba balandele iinkqubo zentlalo. Xa siqaphela ukuba sijongwa kwaye sivavanywa, sihlala sizama ukuziphatha ngendlela ezamkelekileyo noluntu.
Ukwazisa ngokwasemphakathini nako kunokukhokelela ekujongeni ukuxhalabisa apho abantu baphazamiseka, bexhala, okanye bakhathazeke ngendlela abaye bayayiqonda ngayo abanye.
Ukwazisa okuzimeleyo
Olu hlobo lwenzeka xa abantu beqaphela ezinye iinkalo zabo, kodwa kuphela kwindlela yangasese.
Umzekelo, ukubona ubuso bakho kwisibuko luhlobo lolwazi lokuzimela ngasese. Uvakalelwa isisu sakho xa uqaphela ukuba ukhohliwe ukufundela uvavanyo olubalulekileyo okanye uvalelwa intliziyo yakho xa ubona umntu okhangekayo ukuba naye ungumzekelo wokuzimela ngasese.
Ukuziqonda: I-State Heightened of Self-Awareness
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu banokuziqonda ngokugqithiseleyo baze bazibandakanye kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-self-consciousness.
Ngaba uke waziva ngathi wonk 'ubani ubukele kuwe, egweba izenzo zakho, kwaye ulindele ukubona oko uza kwenza ngokulandelayo? Le meko ephakamileyo yokwazisa ingakushiya uncumo kwaye ungakhathazeki kwezinye iimeko.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, le mivakalelo yokuzimela yinto yesikhashana kwaye ivela kwiemeko xa "sisekuhleni." Kwabanye abantu, nangona kunjalo, ukuzincama ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubonakalisa imeko engapheliyo njengengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo .
Abantu abazimeleyo ngasese baba nezinga eliphakamileyo lokuzimela ezizimeleyo, ezinokuba zizinto ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi. Aba bantu bavame ukuqonda ngakumbi iimvakalelo zabo neenkolelo zabo, ngoko ke banako ukunamathela kwimilinganiselo yabo. Nangona kunjalo, banakho amathuba okuba bahlelwe yimiphumo emibi yempilo enjengokunyuka kwengcinezelo kunye nokuxhalaba.
Abantu abakwaziyo ukuzithobela esidlangalaleni banomgangatho ophakamileyo wokwazisa uluntu. Baye bacinga ukuba bacinge ngakumbi ngendlela abanye abantu abajonga ngayo kwaye bahlala bexhalabele ukuba abanye abantu basenokubagweba ngokusekelwe kwimibukiso yabo okanye izenzo zabo. Ngenxa yoko, aba bantu bathambekele ekumanyeleni kwiimigangatho zeqela kwaye bazame ukuphepha iimeko apho banokubonakala bengendawo okanye bazive benamahloni.
ILizwi
Ukwazisa ngokwabo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esiziqonda ngayo thina nendlela esihambelana ngayo nabanye kunye nehlabathi. Ukuba nolwazi kukuvumela ukuba uhlolisise ngokumalunga nabanye. Kubantu abanomqondo ophezulu kakhulu wokuziqonda, ukuzincama ngokweqile kunokubangelwa. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unobungozi obunokuba nefuthe elibi ebomini bakho, xubusha iimpawu zakho kunye nogqirha wakho ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nento onokuyenza ukuhlangabezana nale mvakalelo.
> Imithombo:
> UCrisp, uRJ & Turner, uRN. London: Sage Publications; 2010.
> Philippi, CL, Feinstein, JS, Khalsa, SS, Damasio, A, Tranel, D, Landini, G, Williford, K, & Rudauf, D. I-Conservation awareness elandela ukulimala kweengqondo zomhlaba wonke kwi-insula, kunye neengqungquthela zokuqala. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8); e38413.
> Rochat, P. Amanqanaba amahlanu ekuziqheleni njengokuba avuleka kwangoko ebomini. Ubulumko kunye noCognition. 2003; 12: 717-731.