UYise weNzululwazi yeZakhono eziNje
"Into ecacileyo yeengxaki zokungathembeki kukuba zikholelwa ekubeni iziganeko ezimbi ziza kuhlala ixesha elide, ziya kuphazamisa yonke into abayenzayo, kwaye ziyiphutha labo. Abathembekileyo, abajongene neenkcenkcesha ezinzima zeli hlabathi, bacinge inkohlakalo ngendlela echaseneyo. Bakholelwa ekubeni ukutshatyalaliswa kukuphela kwexesha elifutshane okanye umceli-mngeni, ukuba izizathu zalo zigcinwe kuphela kwimeko efanayo. " - UMartin Seligman, Wafunda Uxanduva, ngo-1991.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
Obomi bakwangoko
UMartin Seligman wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1942, e-Albany, eNew York. Emva kokugqiba esikolweni esiphakeme, waya kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton apho wafumana i-AB degree ngo-1964. Ngo-1967, wathola i-Ph.D. kwizengqondo kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokusebenza njengoprofesa oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseConell, wabuyela ekufundiseni iingqondo kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Ngeli xesha, waqalisa ukuphanda abafundi abangafundileyo. U-Seligman wafumanisa ukuba xa abantu beva ukuba abanakho ukulawula imeko yabo, bathambekele ekulahlekeni kunokuba balwe nolawulo. Uphando lwakhe ekungenakuncedwa nokungazinzi lube nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuthintekeni nasekunyangekeni koxinzelelo .
Umsebenzi kaSeligman ophando olufundwayo olufunyanwe nokungafihlisi kwimeko ekugqibeleni wamenza waba nomdla wokuba nethemba, inzala ekugqibeleni yayiza kubakho ukuvela kwesebe elitsha leengqondo.
Ngomnyaka ka-1995, intetho ebalulekileyo nentombi yakhe, uNicki, yanceda ukutshintsha ulawulo lwakhe lophando. Ngethuba eselula emdibaneni, uSeligman waphazamiseka waza wamemeza ngentombi yakhe. Kwidilesi ebalulekileyo kwiNorth Carolina Psychological Association, uSeliligman wachaza indlela intombi yakhe yamkhumbuza ngayo ukuba wayengazange amhlophe xa efungile ukuyeka ukugcoba ngosuku lwakhe lwesihlanu.
Ukuba wayenako ukuyeka ukugcoba, wacinga, uyise wayenokukwazi "ukuyeka ukuba yinto enjalo."
Ngo-1996, u-Seligman wakhethwa nguMongameli we- American Psychological Association ngevoti enkulu kwimbali yombutho. Umongameli ngamnye we-APA ucelwa ukuba akhethe umxholo oyintloko kwixesha lakhe kunye noSeligman bakhethe i-psychological positive. Esikhundleni sokugxila kwizinto ezithintekayo, wayefuna impilo yengqondo ibe ngaphezu kokungabikho kokugula. Endaweni yoko, uSeliligman wazama ukuzondla ngexesha elitsha leengqondo ezisekelwe kwinto eyenza abantu babe nemihlali kwaye bazalisekise. Namhlanje, uSeliligman ungumlawuli weZiko eliPhezulu lezeNgqondo kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Ukunyanzeliswa ngabacebisi babantu bokuqala abafana noCar Rogers noAbraham Maslow , iingqondo ezithandekayo ziye zaqhubeka zikhula kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. U-Seligman udlalwa ngokuba nguyise weengqondo zengqondo zanamhlanje.
Ngo-Haggbloom et al. Ka-2002 inqaku malunga neengqondo zengqondo ezinentsholongwane yeli-20 leminyaka, uSeliligman wayekwekwe njengengcali ye-psychologist ephakamileyo ye-31 ngaphezu kokuba yingcali ye-psychologist yesi-13 esicatshulwa rhoqo kwiincwadi zokufunda ngengqondo.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- Seligman, uMartin EP (1975). Ukungenakunceda: Kwixinzelelo, uPhuhliso, nokuFa. I-San Francisco: WH Freeman.
- Seligman, uMartin EP (1991). Ufunde ukucinga: Indlela yokutshintsha ingqondo yakho kunye nobomi bakho. ENew York: i-Knopf.
- Seligman, uMartin EP (1993). Into onokutshintsha kunye noko ungakwaziyo: Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo sokuPhucula ukuPhucula. ENew York: i-Knopf.
- Seligman, uMartin EP (2002). Injabulo Eyinyani: Ukusebenzisa I-Psychology Entsha Yokuqonda Ukukwazi Kwakho Ukuzaliseka Okusisigxina. ENew York: I-Free Press.
> Imithombo:
Haggbloom, SJ et al. (2002). I-100 yezona ziNgcono zeeNgqondo zonyaka wama-20. Ukuphononongwa kweNgcaciso yengqondo. 6 (2) , 139-15.
Hirtz, uRob. (1998). Uhambo lukaMartin Seligman ukusuka ekufundeni ukungenakunceda ukufunda ulonwabo. IGazethi yasePennsylvania . http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0199/hirtz.html
IKass, S. (2000). UMartin EP Seligman uthinta i-Positive Psychology kwinkqubo yaseSmithsonian. Jonga kwi-Psychology 31 , 9. http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct00/seligman.html
Hlangana noDkt. Seligman. (2006). Inenelo Enenene . Yunivesithi yasePennsylvania. http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/seligman.aspx?id=157
EWallis, uClaudia. (2005). Intsha yesayensi yolonwabo. Ixesha .