Ukuzilimaza kubonakala kwiintlungu ezininzi zeengqondo, kubandakanya ukukhubazeka kwe-bipolar
Ukuzilimaza yinto yokulimaza umzimba ngaphandle kwenjongo yokuzibulala. Nangona ukuzilimaza kukuziphatha okungafaniyo nokuzibulala , kubonakala kubonakala njengeflegi ebomvu kubantu abanokuzama ukuzibulala emva komhla.
Ukuzilimaza okungabikho kokuzibulala kunokuthatha iifom ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ukusika, ukutshisa, ukutshitshisa, ukutshitshisa, ukubetha, nokukhwaza kwentloko.
Iimeko ezinzima kakhulu zibandakanye ukuphulwa kwethambo, ukuzikhangela, kunye nokulimala kwamehlo. Ukuzilimaza kuyimpawu ehambelana neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugula ngengqondo, kubandakanya ukuguquka okukhulu kwengxaki yokuguquguquka kwe-bipolar. Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka komntu, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye neengxaki ze-dissociative.
Ukuzilimaza kubonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantu abancinci abanama-15 ekhulwini labaselula kunye nama-17 ukuya kuma-35 ekhulwini kwabafundi beekholeji abaziphatha ngokuzilimaza. Izinga lokuzilimaza likhulu kakhulu phakathi kwendawo phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo zokuziphatha zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwezesondo kunye nabasetyhini abanokuthi banqume kwaye amadoda angaphinda ahlasele okanye azibethe.
Iintsholongwane zengqondo zengqondo ezisebuntwaneni zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzilimaza, ukusuka kwizinga eliphantsi ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini, kuxhomekeke kwisifundo. Phakathi kwezigulane zengqondo zengqondo, isantya sihamba phakathi kwamaphesenti amabini ukuya kuma-20.
Iingxaki zeengqondo ezixhatshazelwe ukuzilimaza
Nangona iirhafu zokuzilimala ziphezulu kubantu abajongene nokunyamekela ngengqondo, ifom kunye nobuqili bokuziphatha kunokuhluka ngokubanzi. Izifo ezine zeengqondo zixhomekeke ngokuzimeleyo ngokuzilimaza:
Ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka (MDD): i- MDD inxulumene nokuzilimaza kwi-42 ekhulwini yabantwana abaselula abanokunyamekelwa ngengqondo.
I-MDD yinto ephawulekayo ye- bipolar I disorder kwaye enye inokuthi iqhubekeke xa ingashiywanga ingathotywanga. Kulabo bafumene ukuxinezeleka okuqhubekayo (i-dysthymia), enye yesibhozo iya kubangela ukulimala njengento "yokuzibulala" apho kungekho nhloso yokufa.
Umngcipheko wobuntu bomda we-Border (BPD) : I- BPD yinkalo enye enxulumene nokuzilimaza, eyenzeka kuma-75 ekhulwini amatyala. Ukuzilimaza kubonakala njengendlela yokulawulwa kwemizwelo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-96 zithetha ukuba iimvakalelo zabo ezimbi zakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emva kwesenzo sokuzilimaza.
Iziphazamiso ze-dissociative : Izifo ezixhatshazwayo kwi-Dissociative zizo zibonakalisa zizivakalelo zengqondo kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo zixhatshazwe ngokwenene. Uninzi lunxulumene nokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo kwaye lunokubonakalisa ngezenzo zokuzijezisa ngenxa yesiganeko umntu ovakalelwa kukuba "uxanduva". Phantse iipesenti ezingama-69 zalabo bafumene i-dissociative disorder benza into yokuzilimaza.
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya: i- Bulimia kunye ne-anorexia nervosa, zidibaniswa nokuzilimaza kuma-26 ukuya kuma-61 ekhulwini lamatyala. Ukuzijezisa kubonakala njengesizathu esininzi emva kwezi ezininzi zokuziphatha.
Izizathu Zokuzilimaza
Ngenxa yokuba kuninzi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ehambelana nokuzilimaza, kunzima ukucacisa ukuba kutheni unokuba nefuthe lokuzilimaza.
Xa kuthethwa oko, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuzilimaza kuhambelana neemvakalelo ezimbi phambi kwesenzo, ekhokelela kumnqweno wokunciphisa uxhalaba okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
Ukuzilimaza kuye kwadibaniswa nokuzikhusela, ukufuna ukuvakalelwa (ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakaliswa njengomnqweno "wokuziva into ethile" xa ukhululekile ngokomzwelo), okanye ukugwema ukuzibulala (usebenzisa intlungu njengesiphakamiso sokuphucula imvakalelo engafanelekanga).
Ukunyanga Ukuzilimaza Okuhlobene Ne-Bipolar Disorder
Ukunyanga ukuzilimaza nje ngokuba ukubonakaliswa kwesifo esixinzekileyo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ufuna ukunciphisa umonakalo ngokwenyama xa uqonda ukuba awukwazi ukwenza oko ngaphandle kokunyanga imeko.
Inkqubo ibandakanya uvavanyo oluhlelekile lweengcinga kunye neenkolelo zomntu, ngokukodwa ukuqonda ukuzilimaza kwindlela yakhe. Unyango lubandakanya ukucebisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza ukunyanga ingxaki ephantsi, nokuba ngaba kukudakumba kwengqondo, i-BPD, okanye ukudibanisa izifo.
Kwezinye iimeko, izidakamizwa zokulwa ne- Topamax (i-topiramate) zinganciphisa iziganeko zokuzilimaza xa zichazwe kunye nesimo sokuzinza. Iziphumo ezintle ziye zaphunyezwa kubantu abafumene i-BPD kunye ne-bipolar I disorder kwakunye nalabo abane-BPD kunye ne- bipolar II disorder .
> Umthombo:
> Kerr, P .; Muehlenkamp, J .; kunye no-Turner, J. "Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Ukuphononongwa koPhando oluNje lweMpilo yoNyango lwezeMpilo kunye noPhando lwaBanqununu." Umbhalo we-American Board of Family Practice. 2010; 23 (2): 240-259.