Izibonelelo zokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene ukuba unenkinga yokuchasana nengxaki (ODD) unokuthi ulahlekelwe yintoni apho uqala khona. Kungaba nzima ukugqithisa ngolwazi ukufumana oko kukufanele ukufunda nokuba yintoni inkunkuma yakho ngexesha lakho.
Masiqale ngolwazi olusisiseko kunye nezixhobo zokufunda ngakumbi, ukulungisa iimpawu ezithile, nokufumana inkxaso ukuze uncede kakhulu umntwana wakho nge-ODD.
I-Dispositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): i-Basics
Ingxaki yokuchasana nengxaki (ODD) yintlupheko yempilo yengqondo apho umntwana abonisa ubugwenxa kunye nokuziphatha kakubi. Ukucinga ukuba kuthintela malunga nama-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini abantwana abafunda isikolo, kuqheleke kubafana kubafana kumantombazana. Xa ucinga ngalezi ziphatha, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaninzi abantwana abangenawo i-ODD babonisa ezinye zezi zihlandlo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngoko ke ziziphi iingxaki zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezingekho?
I-ODD ngumzekelo wokungahloneli, ukungabikho komthetho, kunye nokuzondwa okuqhubekayo. Ukuxilongwa akuqhelekanga kwenziwe kude kube yilapho ezi ziphatha ziqhutyelwe ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-6. Iimpawu ze-ODD ngokungafaniyo nokuziphatha kwezingane eziqhelekileyo zingabandakanya:
- Ukuqhayisa rhoqo
- Ukulala nokugxeka abanye ngamaphutha
- Ukula ukulandela imithetho
- Igunya lokubuza
- Ukugqithisana ngokugqithisileyo nabazali kunye nabanye abaphathi bamanani
- Ukucaphukisa okanye ukucaphukisa
- Ngenjongo yokucaphukisa abanye nokucaphukisa abanye kunye nokudala ingxabano
- Ukunyaniseka, ukunyelisa abanye
- Kubonakala kunqongophala kwesazela
- Ukukhungatheka nokungabikho kokugxininiseka kumntwana, kunye nokuzithemba nokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokugcina ubuhlobo
Ezi zimpawu ziyakwazi ukuhluka ukusuka kumncinci ukuya kunzima, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, zivela ngexesha leminyaka elisenkuleni kwaye phantse rhoqo ngaphambi kokusinda. Iimpawu zisoloko zidala ukungasebenzi kakubi kumakhaya kunye nakwimeko yesikolo. Ngethamsanqa, ngelixa ezi ziphathekayo zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwabazali nootitshala, malunga neyesibini kubantwana babantwana-bakhula ukukhubazeka kwabo abaselula.
Ayaziwa kakuhle oko kubangela i-ODD kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba idibeneyo yezinto. I-Genetics inokudlala indima kwaye inokunyusa ukwanda kweengxaki. Amanqanaba angabonakaliyo angama-neurotransmitters engqondweni angadlala indima yezinto eziphilayo. Nangona i-ODD ingahlakulela kubantwana kwiintsapho ezinothando nezomeleleyo, akuqhelekanga ukuba aba bantwana babe nobomi bekhaya obungasebenziyo kunye / okanye ukuvezwa kobundlobongela.
I-ODD ingenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko, njengengxaki yokunqongophala kweengxaki (ADD), ukukhathazeka kwexhala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zolwimi. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-ODD kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kubantwana ezifana ne-ADD / ADHD kunye nokuziphatha kakubi . (Nangona i-sibini yesithathu yabantwana iphuma ingxaki, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 kuya kuqhubeka ukuphucula ukuziphatha kwengxaki).
Xa Umntwana Wakho Ekuqaleni Ufumanisa I-ODD
Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukufumanisa ukuba une-ODD, kunceda ukufunda okusemandleni akho malunga neengxaki.
Akunakukukunceda kuphela ukuba ufunde iindlela zokujamelana nokuziphatha, kodwa kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana luphuma kwintlungu. Ukwazi ukuba yedwa kunokunika amandla amaninzi okujamelana nokuziphatha okunzima namhlanje.
Iiprogram zokuzala zingabancedisa kakhulu ekukufumaneni ngokusesikweni malunga nomzali onomntwana okhutshwe nge-OD. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Iminyaka Engummangaliso
- Ulwaphulo lwabazali-Abantwana
- IziCwangciso zokuBambisana kunye neNkqubo eziSebenzayo
Ngokuxhomekeke kubani ofunyanwe nomntwana wakho, unokufuna kwakhona ukufumana ugqirha onokuhamba ngasecaleni kwakho njengoko ufunda izixhobo zokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wakho.
Kuye kwafunyanwa unyango ukuba isebenze kakuhle kubantwana abane-ODD kwaye iyanciphisa amathuba okuba i-ODD iya kuqhuba ukuqhuba ingxaki emva kwentsana okanye ukukhubazeka komntu njengomntu omdala. Unokucela ugqirha okanye ugqirha ukuba uyazi nabani na ogqwesileyo ekuphatheni abantwana nge-ODD okanye ukucela kwenye yoluntu inkxaso yoluntu. Abazali abaye bahlala nomntwana abane-ODD baye bafunda ngokuvavanywa kunye nephutha kwaye banokukunika iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo ekufumaneni umntu ofanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iya kuba ngumntwana okanye umntwana wesifo sengqondo somntwana ojongana nomntwana ophethe i-ODD.
Ungesabi ukuthetha nodliwano-ndlebe nababoneleli abahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane umlingane onokukuncedisa ekuncedeni umntwana wakho.
Ukuba awuzange ubone umntwanantwana wengane yakho, le nto ibalulekileyo isinyathelo sokuqala. Kukho imeko zonyango ezingabangela ukuziphatha okungaziphosakela nge-ODD, ngoko ke ukucetyiswa ngokwenyama kuyacetyiswa.
Ukulungiselela iSikole Somntwana Wakho Nge-ODD / Imfundo Ekhethekileyo
Ukuba umntwana wakho esikolweni, kubalulekile ukudibana nomfundisi wakho okanye abanye esikolweni abaya kubandakanyeka kwimfundo yakhe. Ukudibanisa inkqubo esekelwe esikolweni kunye nabazali abakhuselekileyo kwikhaya kusebenza kakhulu.
Iinkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa zinokunika inkxaso nenkxaso yokuhlala kumntwana wakho. Umthetho wabantu abaNokukhubazeka weMfundo (IDEA) ngumthetho wesigqeba olawula ukuba abantwana abakhubazekileyo banikwe iinkonzo zokumvumela ukuba asebenze kwisikolo esikolweni. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukuba ukukhubazeka kungonakalise ukusebenza kwakhe kwezemfundo. Unokucela ukuvavanya umntwana wakho ngasiphi na ixesha.
Ukuba umntanakho akafanelekanga kwi-IDEA (ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kweyiphi "uhlobo oluthathaka lwezempilo") unako ukufumana isicwangciso sokuhlala phantsi kweCandelo 504 .
Unokuba unqwenela ukuqhagamshelana nesithili sakho, iSebe leMfundo leSizwe, okanye kwiziko lakho loQeqesho lwabazali kunye neNkcukacha.
Ukulungiswa
Usenokuba ufunde yonke into ongayifumana ngayo, kodwa uyayilumkisa njani umntwana nge-ODD? Ukuba nomntwana one-ODD unokukwazi ukubamba iingxaki zakho, kodwa nangona kunamathuba amaninzi okunika ingqalelo engafanelekiyo, ukufumana amathuba okunika ingqwalasela enokwenene kunokunceda. Nangona imiphumo emibi iyakuthi ifuneke ngamanye amaxesha, ingqwalasela enokuhlala isebenza kakuhle. Ngombulelo, le miphumo "emihle" ibonakala yenza imiphumo emibi ngakumbi xa ifunekayo. Ukuphepha isigwebo esinzima kunye nokugxila ekuziphatheni kunokuba umntwana naye uncedo. Ezi nkqubo zichazwe ngasentla zinika imizekelo emininzi yokusebenza nomntwana o-ODD.
Ukuqonda iindlela zokuNyango kunye neendlela
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, unyango luhlala lusebenza kakhulu kubantwana abane-ODD kwaye lunokuthintela imeko ukuba iqhubekele phambili ekuqhubeni ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki okanye ukungaxhatshazwa kwabantu. Izinketho ezifunyanwe ziyanceda abantwana abane-ODD zibandakanya:
- Uqeqesho lolawulo lwabazali
- Unyango lwe entsapho
- Uqeqesho lwezakhono zokulungisa iingxaki
- Izakhono zentlalo
- Iinkqubo ezisekelwe ezikolweni
- Mayeza
Ingqalelo, ayikho na mayeza athile ancetywayo kwi-ODD, kwaye amayeza kuphela akufanele asetyenziswe ukunyanga le meko. Amachiza anokuba luncedo, nangona kunjalo, ekulawuleni ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha okanye ukuhlala kunye nezimo zempilo yengqondo.
Ukuphila Ngomntwana Wakho ODD
Ukuphila nomntwana kunye ne-ODD kunokukushiya emaphethelweni kunye nokuphazamiseka. Kungaba nzima ukubuyela emva kwaye ujonge iimpawu zokuziphatha njengoko uhlukile kumntwana wakho kwaye uhlale uzolile. Nazi izicwangciso ezimbalwa ezancedise abanye abazali ukuba bajamelane nemingeni yemihla ngemihla yokuhlala nomntwana ene-ODD.
- Nciphisa inani lemibuzo oyicelayo kumntwana wakho.
- Nika umntwana wakho ixesha elide lokudlala.
- Ukubonelela ngempendulo emihle kaninzi, nangona umntwana wakho ephendula ngendlela enhle kwimbandela encinane. Ukuqiniswa kokuziphatha ngokuqwalasela okulungileyo kunokunciphisa inani lokungacingi kokuziphatha kwakhe kufuna.
- Musa ukukhupha izinto ezincinci. Kungaba ngcono ukunyamekela iingxaki zokuziphatha ezincinane uze ufumane iingxaki ezinkulu ezilawulwayo. Wathi ngenye indlela, "khetha iimfazwe zakho."
- Ishedyuli yemihla ngemihla yexesha ngalinye.
- Ukuseka imithetho yasekhaya ecacileyo.
- "Hamba uhambo:" Mzekelo ukuziphatha okulungileyo kubantwana bakho ukugcina.
- Mdumise umntwana wakho rhoqo.
- Ukunikela ngemiphumo ecacileyo, kwaye uqaphele ukuba iziphumo azifani nezohlwayo.
- Gwema iimbambano zamandla.
Ukufumana Uncedo lobuNtu
Nangona ulandela zonke iziphakamiso ezingentla ngenjongo yokuba uzalise umntwana o-ODD, usenokuba uzive ukhululekile. Thatha isikhashana ukucinga malunga nokuba ufuna kukunceda njani iingxaki zokuziphatha komntwana wakho. Ukuba iingxaki zomntwana wakho zingaguquki xa uquka izicwangciso zokuziphatha, ukuba ukuziphatha kwakhe kukuphazamisa isikolo okanye impilo yakhe yentlalontle, okanye ukuba ukuziphatha kwakhe akukudala, mhlawumbi ixesha lokufuna uncedo.
Izibonelelo zoNxibelelwano
Kukho iisayithi ezimbalwa zokubhengeza ezibonelela ngeengxelo ezicacileyo ze-ODD nokuxilongwa. Iziza ezikhankanywe apha zinolwazi olunikezwa ngabafundi ekulawuleni abantwana abane-ODD kwaye bahlaziywa rhoqo. Iindawo ezinokuthenjwa ziquka:
- I-American Academy ye-Child & Adult Psychiatry
- Isikhungo seZonyango seZibhedlele saseCincinnati
Ukukhathazeka kweengxaki (ADD) Izibonelelo ezinokuba luncedo nge-ODD
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, i-ODD ihlala ikhona-ikhona nezinye izifo ezifana ne-ADD. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulawulwa kwe-ODD kufana neyo-ADD, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezi zifo zimbini. Ezi ziza zijoliswe kwi-ADD zinokunika uncedo xa umntwana wakho ene-ODD njengemeko ekhoyo.
- Iziko leSizwe soLuntu kwi-AD / HD
- ADDitude Magazine
- UKUQALA UKUPHAKHA
ODD Xa Umntwana Wakho Osemncinci
I-ODD ivame ukufunyanwa kwiminyaka yokufundela okanye kungekudala emva koko, kwaye abantwana abaninzi basombulula abaneminyaka eyi-18. Okokuthi, ukudibanisa nemiba "yesiqhelo" nemibandela yeselula kunye nolawulo lwe-ODD ingaba ngumngeni. Ezi zilandelayo ziza kugxininiswa ekuziphatheni okunzima kuma-teens, kuquka i-ODD.
- Iinkonzo ezijolise kwiNtsholongwane
- Abafana abaneengxaki
IiWebhsayithi ezinokunceda ekujonganeni nokuziphatha okubi
Iiwebhsayithi ezinika iingcamango zabazali abanomntwana one-ODD ziquka:
- I-DocSpeak inikeza ulwazi oluthe ngqo olubhekiselele kubazali bantwana abahlala ne-ODD.
- Ukuguqula umntwana onzima kunenjongo yokunceda abantwana bakwazi ukulawula amandla abo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Uhlala kwi-Balance enye indawo ekunceda ekuncediseni abantwana ekudibaneni iingxaki.
Iincwadi eziza kunceda abazali abanomntwana abane-ODD
Ukongeza kwiiwebhusayithi, ii-podcasts, kunye nevidiyo ze-Youtube, kukho iincwadi eziye zinikezelwa ekuncedeni abazali ukuba bancede babhekane nokunyamekela umntwana o-ODD. Iincwadi ezinokuba luncedo ziquka:
- Umntwana okhuselekileyo , nguRoss W. Greene
- Umntwana Okhohlisayo , nguDouglas Riley (eyapapashwa ngo-1997 kodwa isenjenjalo ngokusesikweni)
- Indlela kaKazdin yokuNika uMzali oMkhohlisayo , ngu-Alan E. Kazdin
Inkxaso yabazali abanomntwana abane-ODD
Ukuba nelungelo lokuthetha nabanye abazali abahlala nomntwana abane-ODD banokubaluleka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ucingisisa kwaye uyayiqonda njani intsapho kunye nabahlobo bakho, kukho into ekhethekileyo ngokuthetha nabanye abajongene nemingeni efanayo.
Ukongeza kwenkxaso yomzwelo, uluntu lwenkxaso yoluntu lunokukunceda ufunde ngeziphumo zakutshanje kunye neendlela zokulawula i-ODD. Emva koko, akukho mntu ukhuthazwayo ukuqonda ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngomntwana ophethe i-ODD ngaphezu kwabanye abazali.
Amaqela enkxaso ye-Intanethi akuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuqonda kunye neengcebiso kubanye abazali emhlabeni jikelele. Omnye wamaqela asebenzayo yiGumbi labazali be-ODD. Inzala yabazali be-ODD enye. Kukho amanye amaqela e-intanethi kunye namaqela e-Facebook aklanyelwe ukuxhuma abazali abahlala nomntwana ophethe i-ODD.
Ngaphantsi kweNkalo malunga nokuFunda kunye nokuFumana izibonelelo kunye nomntwana ono-ODD
Ukufunda ukuba umntwana wakho u-ODD unokukhulula imvakalelo edibeneyo. Unokukhululeka ekugqibeleni ube neleyile yokuziphatha komntwana wakho kodwa ngelo xesha uloyike oko kuthetha ntoni kwikamva. Njengabazali, ukuxilongwa kungakwenza ube nombuzo kumakhono akho omzali. Sekunjalo umva wecala kwaye ukuhlaziswa akunakunceda ukufunda indlela yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana wakho. Kukho abaninzi abantwana abakhuliswa kwimihlaba yentsapho efudumele kunye nothando kodwa nangona kunjalo bahlupheka kwi-ODD.
Emva kokuba unokuxilongwa unokuqala ukulungisa ukuziphatha. Thetha nogqirha wakho. Fumana umntwana omhle okanye umntwana wesifo sengqondo. Ukubandakanyeka kumaqela okuxhasa. Phumla nje ekugqibeleni ukuba uninzi lwabantwana "luphuma" kwezi ziphatho. Oko kwathiwa, unyango lunokuhamba ixesha elide ekunciphiseni ithuba lokuziphatha kwengane yakho iya kuqhubeka. Khangela ezinye iingcebiso ezingasentla, kwaye usebenzise izixhobo kunye neengcombolo ezibonelelwe ukufundisa nokuzixhobisa njengomzali womntwana one-ODD.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy Yomntwana kunye ne-Adolescent Psychiatry. I-Occupational Defiant Disorder. http://www.aacap.org/aacap/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Children_With_Oppositional_Defiant_Disorder_72.aspx
> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, kunye noWaldo E. Nelson. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
> Tandon, M., no A. Giedinghagen. Iziphazamiso zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo kubantwana 0 ukuya kwi-6 iminyaka yakudala. Ingane kunye neNtsholongwane yeekliniki zeeNgqondo zaseNyakatho Melika . 2017. 26 (3): 491-502.
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Medline Plus. Iingxaki ezichaseneyo. Ukuhlaziywa 02/21/16. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001537.htm