I-Marijuana ihlala Ininzi kakhulu Sebenzisa iMichiza engekho mthethweni
Abantu abangama-24.6 e-United States basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezedlulileyo, ngokwemibare yamashishini karhulumente. Phantse i-9,4 ekhulwini yabo bonke abantu abaneminyaka eyi-12 nangaphezulu bayabandakanyeka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Uphando lweSizwe malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezeMpilo (NSDUH), unxibelelwano lwama-67,500 abantu abaxhaswa yiNkcitho yokuShatshazwa kweMpilo kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo, lubonelela ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo kwezidakamizwa, utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecuba kubantu base-United States jikelele.
Ngokutsho kweziphumo ze-NSDUH ze-2013, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni kuye kwahlala kusezinzile ukususela ngo-2002 kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza kuye kwayeka, kodwa uphando lubonakalise ukunyuswa kwentsholongwane kunye nokwanda okwesabisayo kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithi yesifo se-psychotherapeutic .
Izidakamizwa ezixhaphakileyo kakhulu
Ngokwalowo uphando, ezi zizonyango zixhaphakileyo:
- Marijuana, ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-19.8
- Izidakamizwa zamachiza , 6.5 yezigidi ezingabonakaliyo.
- I-Cocaine, abasebenzisi abayizigidi eziyi-1.5.
- Hallucinogens, kuquka i-Ecstasy , abasebenzisi abayizigidi ezili-1.3.
- I-Methamphetamine, malunga nabasebenzisi abayi-595,000.
- I-Heroin, malunga nabasebenzisi abayi-300,000
Ukwandisa Ubunzima Bokuxhatshaza Ukusetyenziswa kakubi
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni kwahlala kwafana okanye kwaye kwancipha ukusuka ngo-2002, inyanga edlulileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zolu hlobo kunyuke kakhulu, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweentlungu. Kwizigidi ezingama-6.5 ezichaze ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithi yonyango, ama-5.2 yezigidi basebenzisa i-painkillers .
Ngo-2002, kuphela i-4.1 ekhulwini yabemi abaneminyaka engama-18 ukuya kwe-25 yabika ukuxhatshazwa kweentlungu, kodwa ipesenti yaya kuma-4.9 ekhulwini ngo-2006.
I-Marijuana Sebenzisa Ukuqhuba Ukwandisa
Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni e-US kuye kwanda ukusuka ku-20.4 yezigidi zabantu ngo-2007 ukuya kwezigidi ezingama-24.6 ngo-2013.
Oku kunyuka kubangelwa ukunyuka kwendlela yokusebenzisa inambuzane ukusuka kubasebenzisi abayizigidi ezili-14,5 ngo-2007 ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-19.8 ngo-2013.
Ucwaningo lwe-NSDUH luquka yonke into yokusetyenziswa kwegciwane njengetywala engekho mthethweni kuba phantsi komthetho wesigqeba unobungozi obusemthethweni kulo lonke elase-US
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine kuye kwancipha kakhulu ukusuka kumyinge wabasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingama-2.4 kwiminyaka phakathi ko-2002 no-2007 ukuya kuqikelelwa kubasebenzisi abayizigidi ezi-1.5 ngo-2015.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMethamphetamine kubone ukunyuka okuthe kancinci kokusetyenziswa emva kokuncipha kwangaphambili. Ngo-2007, kulinganiselwa ukuba abantu abangama-731,000 basebenzise i-meth, kodwa ngowama-2007 loo nombolo yayiswele kwi-353,000. Ngo-2013, uphando lubalwa inani labasebenzisi be-meth kwi-595,000.
Abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngexesha lokuqala
Ngokomlinganiselo we-SAMHSA, abantu abayizigidi ezi-2.8 basebenzisa iziyobisi ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-2013, umyinge wabasebenzisi abasha abangama-7,800 ngosuku. Kuloo tsebenzisi abasebenzisi, iipesenti ezingama-54.1 zingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala.
Isidakamizwa esithandwa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abatsha abaselula abasuka ku-adolescents are marijuana, elandelwa ngababulali beentlungu kunye ne-inhalants (ezifumaneka lula kubasebenzisi abancinci).
Bafumanaphi Izidakamizwa?
Ngokwe-NSDUH uphando, abo basebenzise intlungu abaxhasayo ngaphandle kwemiqathango kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo bafumana kwimithombo elandelayo:
- Iipesenti ezingama-55.7 zazikhulula kwisihlobo okanye kumhlobo.
- Ipesenti ezingama-19.1 zazifumana kubagqirha omnye kuphela.
- Amaphesenti angama-3.9 awafumana kumntu ongaphandle.
- Ipesenti eziyi-0.1 zithenge kuzo kwi-intanethi.
Kubantu abathi bathe baxhamla kwisihlwele okanye umhlobo onamahhala, iipesenti ezingama-80.7 zathi umhlobo okanye isihlobo safumana iziyobisi kumgqirha omnye kuphela.
Uninzi lwabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni baSebenzi
Ezinye iziphumo ze-NSDUH zibandakanya:
- Abantu abadala abangasebenzi, 18.5 bangabasebenzisi beziyobisi abangekho mthethweni.
- I-8.8 ekhulwini kuphela yabasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo bangabasebenzisi beziyobisi.
- I-9,4 ekhulwini yabasebenzi bexeshana abasebenzisi beziyobisi.
- Abasebenzisi abaninzi bezilwanyana ezingekho mthethweni (13.4 million) baqeshwe.
- Abantu abayizigidi ezili-10.2 baqhubela ngaphantsi kwefuthe leziyobisi.
Ukuphuza komntu ongaphantsi, iDrunk Driving Declines
Ucwaningo lwe-NSDUH luka-2013 lufumene ukuba ukusela kwangaphantsi kwexesha kuye kwayeka njengoko kuqhutywe ngaphantsi kwefuthe. Nazi ezinye iziphumo zophando:
- Ukusela kwangaphantsi kwehla kwasuka kwi-28.8 ukuya kuma-22.7 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-2002
- Abanxilayo baquka i-30.2 ekhulwini yamadoda kunye neepesenti ezingama-16.0 zabasetyhini
- Abanxilisayo baquka i-9,5 ekhulwini yamadoda kunye ne-3.3 ekhulwini yabasetyhini
- Abaqhubi beedrock bahla besuka kwi-14.2 ukuya kuma-10.9 ekhulwini
- Ababhemayo benqabile ukuya kwi-21.3% ukusuka kwi-26 ekhulwini ngo-2002
- Ababhemayo abatsha bahla besuka kuma-13 ukuya kuma-5.6 ekhulwini
- Ukuxhomekeka kokunxiliswa kwe-Alcohol kwehla ukusuka kuma-7.7 ukuya kuma-6.6 ekhulwini
Imithombo:
I-National Instituted on Drug Abuse. "Iintlobo zelizwe lonke." Kuhlaziywa ngoJuni 2015
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. "Iziphumo ezivela kwiSaveyi kaZwelonke ka-2006 malunga nokuSetyenziswa kweMilo kunye neMpilo: i-National Findings" Sept. 6, 2007.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. Uphando olutsha lweSizwe lubonisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi phantsi kweentsha zase-US "Sept. 6, 2007.