ADHD Diagnosis
Ubuninzi bokungabikho kwengqalelo / ukungabikho kwengxaki (hydactivity disorder) (i-ADHD) ayikwazi ukuchongwa ngokuhlolwa kweemvelo, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi okanye i-X-ray. Kunoko, uchwepheshe wezempilo usebenzisa inkqubo yokuvavanya ukuxilonga i-ADHD. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uqokelela ulwazi malunga nawe okanye umntwana wakho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba imigaqo ye-ADHD idibeneyo. Iikhrayitheriya zivela kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatisati yeMental Disorders (iDSM), esiyisikhokelo esisemthethweni sokuxilongwa esisetyenziswa eMelika.
Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha loVavanyo lwe-ADHD?
Inkqubo yokuvavanya ichazwe kwaye ingathatha nonyango onolwazi ngeeyure eziliqela. Eli xesha lidla ngokusasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zokuqeshwa. Oku kukunceda ukuba uphucule ngokutsha kwintlanganiso nganye.
Inxalenye enkulu yolu vavanyo yintatheli edibeneyo kunye nesigulane. Apha, ugqirha uya kufumanisa ukuba yiziphi iingxaki ojongene nazo ngoku. Ugqirha uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yonyango, kubandakanywa nemiba yengqondo kunye nengqondo.
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Ngaba Uyazi Indlela Yokuxelela I-ADD ne-Bipolar Disorder?
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Yintoni ongayilindela kuVavanyo lwe-ADHD yabantwana bakho
Imbali yengonyango yentsapho nayo ifanelekile, njengolwazi malunga nokuzalwa kwakho kunye nayiphi na imiba umama wakho wayenayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Imbali yophuhliso, njengale minyaka ubudala xa uqale ukuhamba nokuthetha nokufunda ukufunda, iya kubhalwe kwakhona. Ukuba umntwana uvavanywa, umzali unokukwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo. Njengomntu omdala, unokukwazi ukufumana le nkcazelo kubazali bakho okanye kwiirekhodi.
Ezinye izicatshulwa zingadingeka ukulawula ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba njengengxaki yesifo se-thyroid, isifo seengso okanye isibindi, okanye ukuhluthwa. Iimvavanyo zamehlo kunye nezindlebe zingacelwa, ingakumbi ukuba kukho iingxaki zokufunda.
Ukuphonononga okuqhubekayo ngeemeko wena / umntwana wakho anokuba nazo ngaphezu kwe-ADHD kunokufuneka. Imizekelo yezinye iimeko zifunda ukukhubazeka, ukuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, ukukhathazeka kwemizwelo kunye ne-autistic disorder disorder.
Udliwano-ndlebe nabazali okanye iqabane lidla ngokuba yingxenye yovavanyo, njengoko banokunika ulwazi olongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi. Imibuzo okanye udliwano-ndlebe nabanye abantu abalulekayo, njengotitshala womntwana okanye abantakwabo abadala, banokukunceda.
Ukuphicothwa kweengqondo, amanyathelo okuqwalaselwa kunye nokuphazamiseka, kunye nokuhlolwa kweememori kungabikho inxalenye yovavanyo.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokufumana i-ADHD?
I-DSM-5, eyapapashwa ngo-Meyi 2013, ichaza ezi zilandelayo migaqo yecandelo labaqeqeshi ukuba basebenzise xa kuhlolwa i-ADHD. Lo mgangatho wokuxilonga uncedo, njengoko uthetha ukuba wonke umntu uhlolwe ngendlela efanayo nangakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi okanye ngubani owenza uvavanyo.
1) Ukunikezelwa kweMpawu
I-DSM idwelisa iimpawu ezi-9 ze-ADHD ezingenakulinganiswa, kunye neempawu ezithoba ze-presentation (engezantsi, siquka ukulungelelanisa ngamnye).
Umntwana ufuna ukufumana iimpawu ezithandathu okanye ngaphezulu kwoluhlu olungezantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.
Umntu oneminyaka eli-17 okanye ngaphezulu ufuna ukufumana iimpawu ezinhlanu okanye ngaphezulu kweleluhlu olungezantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.
ADHD
- Ngokuqhelekileyo wenza iimpazamo ezingakhathali emsebenzini wesikolo okanye emsebenzini; Ukuqwalasela ingqalelo kunzima
- Unenkinga yokugcina ingqwalasela kwimisebenzi okanye kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa
- Akubonakali ukuphulaphula xa umntu uthetha ngqo kubo
- Ukulandela imiyalelo kunzima. Ukugqiba umsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye imisebenzi yasekhaya ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni kuyinto engavumelekanga ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ingqalelo okanye ukuphazamiseka.
- Kunzima ukuhlela imisebenzi nemisebenzi
- Uzama ukuphepha imisebenzi efuna imizamo yengqondo ixesha elide, njengomsebenzi wesikolo okanye iiprojekthi zomsebenzi
- Izinto ezithengiswayo rhoqo
- Ukuphazamiseka lula
- Ukulibaleka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
I-ADHD engasebenzi / i-Impulsive
- Ukuhlala kuhlala kunzima kakhulu; ngokuqhelekileyo ama-fidgets kwaye uxhasa kwisihlalo okanye uthabathe izandla kunye neenyawo
- Ngokuphindaphindiweyo uyasondela kwaye ajikeleze kunokuba ahlale ehleli, nangona xa kuhlala khona uluntu kulindelwe
- Ugijima okanye ukhuphuke ngexesha elingafanelekanga; abantwana abaselula okanye abadala abanokuthi bangaphantsi komzimba kodwa bazive bengenasiphelo.
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo kwimidlalo okanye kwimisebenzi yokuzilibazisa akunakwenzeka.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwe njengexesha 'ekuhambeni' okanye 'liqhutywa ngumqhubi'
- Ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo
- Uya kuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba isithethi sigqibe ukuyibuza
- Unenkinga yokulinda ukujika kwabo
- Ngokuphindaphindiweyo uphazamisa abantu abathethayo okanye baqhuba umsebenzi
2) Iimpawu ze-ADHD ziye zaba khona ukususela ebuntwaneni
Kufuneka kube ubungqina bokuba kukho iingxaki ngokuqwalasela nokuzithiba ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala. Ukuba ungumntu omdala uvavanywa okokuqala ngqa, ugqirha uya kukwazi ukufumana le ngcaciso kwiirekhodi zakho zesikolo zakudala, iinkumbulo zakho kunye nolwazi oluvela kubathengwana nabazali bakho okanye nabantakwabo.
3) Iimpawu zikho ngaphezu kokubeka enye
Ngaba zikhona iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zokungaboni kakuhle kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa kweempawu eziphambili kwizicwangciso ezimbini okanye ezibalulekileyo? Oku kungabakho ekhaya, eklasini, kwindawo yokudlala, esikolweni, emsebenzini, kuluntu, nakwiindawo zentlalo.
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Indlela i-ADHD ihlolwe ngayo kwi-Children and Adult
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Ndingamnceda njani Umntwana wam ukuba aqonde ukuxilongwa kwakhe kwe-ADHD?
4) Iimpawu zokuSebenziselwa kweMpawu
Kukho ubungqina bokuba iimpawu zinciphisa amandla akho okwenza ufikeleleke ngokupheleleyo. Imizekelo apho oku kwenzeka khona esikolweni, emsebenzini nasemphakathini.
Ukwenza i-Diagnosis: Iingxelo ze-ADHD kunye nobunzima
Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ahlole ezinye iimeko ezibangelwa ziimpawu ze-ADHD. Imizekelo ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar, kunye ne-autism. Ukuba ezo zilawulwa ngaphandle kwaye zonke iinkalo ze-DSM zilandelwa, ngoko i-ADHD ixilongo ingenziwa.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezikhoyo, wena okanye wakho umntwana uya kufumaniswa ukuba unomnye weengxelo ezintathu ze- ADHD:
- Ukunikezwa kweNkcazo yokuSinakalisa: Iimpawu ezikhoyo zokungabi nabulungisa zikhoyo kwaye ziye zadlulileyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukubonakaliswa ngokungahambi kakuhle-Ukunyanzeliswa: Impawu ezaneleyo zokungabikho komzimba-zikhona kwaye ziye zangeenyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu.
- Inkcazo edibeneyo: Iimpawu ezaneleyo zombini kunye nokungathandabuzeki-ukunyanzeliswa kwazo zikhoyo kwaye ziye zadlulileyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.
I-kliniki iya kubonisa kwakhona izinga lokunyusa kwe-ADHD:
- Ubumnene: Kukho iimpawu ezaneleyo zokuhlangabeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kwaye wena / umntwana wakho unamava amancinci ekusebenzeni.
- I-Moderate: Ubunzima be-Symptom buwela phakathi kwamacandelo 'omnene' kunye 'nezinzima'.
- Ubunzima: Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezingaphezulu kweyona mfuno encinci yokuxilongwa, ezinye zeempawu zibuhlungu ngakumbi, okanye kukho ukungaphumeleli okukhulu ngenxa yeziphumo.
Ngubani ofanelekileyo ukuchonga i-ADHD?
Abantwana banokufunyanwa ngumntwana wengqondo kunye nomntwana wesifo somntwana, isifo sezingane, okanye isazi sengqondo. Udokotela wegazi okanye ugqirha weentsapho owaziyo nge-ADHD unokukwazi ukuxilonga i-ADHD.
Ingcali yengqondo, isazi sengqondo, i-neurologist kunye nabanye oogqirha beentsapho banokuxilonga i-ADHD kubantu abadala. Ngaphambi kokubhankanya i-aphoyintimenti, cela ngokucacileyo ukuba umboneleli wenkathalo unamava ekufumaneni i-ADHD yabantu abadala.
Xa uzama ukufumana uchwepheshe oqeqeshiweyo kwindawo yakho , ukuthetha nodokotela wakho wosapho kuyindawo efanelekileyo yokuqala. Nangona ugqirha wakho engenako ukwenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, uya kuthi akwazi ukukunika ukuthunyelwa kwiprofethi onokukwazi.
Abanye abantu banokwazi nokuba ngabagqirha abafanelekileyo ukufumana i-ADHD. Leminye imithombo ingaba ngutitshala esikolweni somntwana wakho, omnye umzali, abahlobo, amalungu eqela lokuxhasa, okanye mhlawumbi esinye isakhono osibonayo, njengogqirha. Qaphela ukuba ngubani onikwe ilayisenisi kwaye ufanelekile ukwenza i-ADHD ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke kwimeko ohlala kuyo.
Yintoni ebangela abantu ukuba bahlolwe i-ADHD?
Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho umcimbi othile okhuthaza abantu ukuba bafumane uncedo. Ngomntwana, oko kusenokungaphumeleli uvavanyo. Njengomzali, uyazi ukuba umntwana wakho uhlakaniphile, kodwa iziphumo zezemfundo azibonakali zengqondo okanye umzamo wengane yakho. Mhlawumbi umntwana wakho uye wangena enkingeni ngenxa yokuziphatha okuphazamisayo kwisithuba seshumi semester, okanye utitshala ukhankanya ukuba kungenzeka i-ADHD kumfundisi wesibini.
Kubantu abadala, isiganeko sinokuphela kobudlelwane obubalulekileyo, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, okanye ukufumana ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Okanye mhlawumbi uhamba kwinkqubo yokufumana umntwana wakho kwaye ufumanisa ukuba unayo yonke impawu ze-ADHD .
Ngenye indlela, kunokungabi nesiganeko esisodwa, kodwa kunoko ukuxhalaba nokudumala.
Ngaba Kubalulekile Ukufumana i-ADHD Diagnosis?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD esemthethweni. Xa wazi kakuhle oko kubangela iingxaki zakho okanye zeengxaki zomntwana wakho, unako ukuyiphatha kwaye ufumane okanye unikezele ukukhulula kwiimpawu ezibangele ukukhathazeka. Kukho inzuzo enemvakalelo. I-ADHD ibangela ukuba unetyala elikhulu kunye neentloni malunga nokuphantsi. Ukuxilongwa kukunceda ukukhulula loo mvakalelo emibi.
Kungase kubonakale kuyilingo ukuxilonga okanye umntwana wakho nge-ADHD usebenzisa ulwazi oluluthole kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuphahlazeka kunye neengozi ezinokuthi. Umzekelo, indlela eqhelekileyo yokuphatha i-ADHD ineyeza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izidakamizwa zilawulwa yiziyobisi, oogqirha baninzi badinga ubungqina bonyango olusemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba banikeze amayeza e-ADHD. Ukongeza, indawo yokuhlala esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokusebenzela inganikwa kuphela xa ubonisa ubungqina obhaliweyo bokuxilongwa.
Kwakhona, ukuba uyazibonela, ungenza oko ngokungalunganga. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba imeko yezempilo eneenkqubo ezinjenge-ADHD ingahamba kwaye ingaphathwa.
ILizwi
Emva kokuba i-ADHD ifunyenwe, unyango luyaqala. Wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuqala ukujongana neempawu ze-ADHD ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi.
Khumbula, unyango lwe-ADHD luhluke kakhulu kwaye lubanzi kunamachiza omyalelo. Ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo unokuvakalelwa kakhulu ekuqaleni. Thatha ityathelo ngesinyathelo. Funda malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo. Sebenzisane kunye nodokotela wakho okanye ugqirha wengane yakho de kube udibaniso olufanelekileyo lwezonyango olusebenzayo.
Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). EWashington, DC.