Iyintoni intsingiselo yovavanyo lokuziphatha? Ngokucacileyo, olu luhlu lokutshekisha luxhobo sokuhlola esisetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba iingxaki zokuziphatha zabantwana zinzima. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha nokuba ngaba umntwana wakho ufuna i sixhobo esinjalo ngokuhlaziywa.
Yintoni eyenza uluhlu lokuhlola
Iimpawu zokujonga iinkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka uluhlu lwemibuzo malunga nokuziphatha okuthe ngqo.
Abantu ababazi kakuhle umntwana bacelwa ukuba bazalise uluhlu lokutshekisha. Uludwe lweenkcukacha zifunyenwe, kwaye zivelisa amanqaku awenza ukuba ukulinganisa kwemilinganiselo yomntwana kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantwana bakhe ubudala. Lo mzekeliso uvumela abavandlakanyi ukuba baqinisekise ubunzima beengxaki zokuziphatha komntwana.
I-Achenbach Child Checklist, ephuhlisiwe kuma-1960, yenye yezona zinto ziyaziwa ngokubanzi. Uthiwa ngumbono wezifo zengqondo uDkt. Thomas Achenbach, owadala imibuzo ukuba ahlole indlela abantwana abaziphatha ngayo nangokwemvakalelo kunye nokubuthathaka kwabo kwintlalo kunye namandla. Uluhlu lokuhlola luyilungiselelwe abafundi abaphakathi kweminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwe-18.
Inkqubo ye-Achenbach iphuma kwindlela yayo ejikeleze kakuhle ukulinganisa ukuziphatha okuphambeneyo nokuziphatha kakubi. Izifundo ziye zadibanisa i-Achenbach System yoHlolo oluPhezulu oluPhezulu (ASEBA) kwiinkalo zokuxilonga kunye nemfundo ekhethekileyo.
Inkqubo iye yaguqulelwa ngeelwimi ezili-100 kwaye ngaphezu kwezikolo, isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zempilo yengqondo, iinkqubo zonyango, amasebe enkonzo yabantwana kunye nentsapho, i-arhente zempilo yoluntu, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, inshuwalense yezempilo kunye nokunye.
Isixhobo sokuhlola sinceda abasebenzisi benze ukuthelekiswa okufanelekileyo kweminyaka ngokunikela izikali ezithatha uluhlu oluninzi lwabantu abadala.
Ikwabonelela ngezicelo ngeenkcubeko ezihlukeneyo okanye ezihlukeneyo zenkcubeko, okwenza kube kufanelekile ukusetyenziswa kumazwe ngamazwe.
Iimpawu zokuHlola kunye ne-ADHD
Izihlandlo zokujonga izinto zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba umntwana unenkinga yokuziphatha okanye ukusilela ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwempilo (ADHD). I-ADHD ingqwalasela yengxaki eyenziwa ngokungabikho kokugxilwa, ukunyanzeliswa nokulawulwa kwempembelelo embi. Abantwana abane-ADHD banokuthi banamathele okanye banzima ukuhlala behleli. Abantwana abanjalo banokuphendula izimpendulo kwiklasi, kunzima ukugqiba izabelo okanye ukulibala ukuziphendulela xa sele zigqityiwe.
Basenokuba nobunzima bokugqiba imisebenzi enzima eklasini efuna ukuba balandele uluhlu lwamanyathelo. Ngaphezu koko, aba bafundi banokulahlekelwa yizinto eziphathekayo, ezifana neepensela, iphepha okanye amanqaku okuya ekhaya. Kubangaphandle, abantwana abane-ADHD banokubonakala ngathi bangabandezeli-ntle okanye "abantwana ababi," kodwa iingxaki zabo zokuziphatha zivela kwingxaki yabo.
Ukuba ukrokreza ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna uluhlu lokuhlola, unganqikazi ukuthetha notitshala wakhe, umcebisi, umlawuli okanye udokotela wezilwanyana malunga nokusebenzisa esi sixhobo sokuhlola ukufumanisa. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezibangela ukuba abantwana benze okuthile, kuquka ukuxhatshazwa, ukuqhawula umtshato okanye ubunzima bokuguqula ukuhamba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abantwana banokuziphatha kakubi ngenxa yokuba banenkinga yokuziphatha okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
Nceda umntwana wakho abuyele kwindlela efanelekileyo ngokufikelela kwingcambu yengxaki. Uluhlu lokuhlola uluhlu luyakwazi ukubonakalisa umthombo wengxaki yokuziphatha komntwana wakho.