Iyintoni iSicwangciso soHlelo lwee-504?
Abafundi abane-ADHD banelungelo lokwenza iinkonzo kunye nesicwangciso sokuhlala ngasinye phantsi kweCandelo 504 ukuba banenkinga enkulu yokufunda esikolweni ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwe-ADHD. Xa kunqunywe ukuba umfundi unelungelo lokwenza iinkonzo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuphuhlisa iSicwangciso se-504 esoloko sibandakanya uluhlu olubhaliweyo lweendawo zokuhlala, izongezelelo ezincedisayo kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nazo eziza kunikwa umfundi esikolweni.
Injongo yale ndawo yokuhlala kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zemfundo ngamnye zomfundi abakhubazekileyo zidibeneyo ngokwaneleyo njengoko iimfuno zala bafundi abangakhubazekanga.
Icandelo 504 kunye ne-IDEA yabafundi abane-ADHD abakhubazekileyo
Kukho imimiselo emibini yedolophu ejongene neemfuno zemfundo zabafundi abakhubazekileyo - Icandelo 504 loMthetho wokuXhobisa uViwo lwe-1973 (okanye iCandelo 504 kuphela) kunye nabaNtu abanezeMpilo yoKhubazeka (owaziwa ngokuba yi-IDEA). Isiqendu 504 kunye ne-IDEA isiqinisekiso sokuthi abafundi abakhubazekileyo banokufikelela kwimfundo kawonkewonke ekhululekile kunye nefanelekileyo (FAPE) enokufaniswa nemfundo etholakalayo kubafundi abangakhubazekanga.
Le mibini yomthetho idinga ukubekwa komntwana onesifo sokukhubazeka kwimeko engqongileyo. I-IDEA idinga isicwangciso semfundo esisodwa (IEP) kunye neenjongo zemfundo zomfundi kwaye yenzelwe ngokukodwa imfundo ekhethekileyo, imfundo kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nesikolo esinoxanduva lokubonelela ukuze kuncede umfundi afinyelele ezo njongo.
Icandelo 504 alifunanga i-IEP ebhaliweyo, kodwa lifuna isicwangciso seenkonzo ezifanelekileyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala zabantwana abakhubazekileyo.
Inkcazo yokukhubazeka ibanzi ngokubanzi phantsi kweCandelo 504 ngaphantsi kwe-IDEA, ngoko abafundi abaninzi banamathuba okufumana iinkonzo phantsi kweCandelo 504. Abafundi abaninzi abanesicwangciso se-504 bahanjiswa kwiklasi yokufundela jikelele.
Ngokuqhelekileyo aba ngabafundi abanomonakalo obuthathaka kwaye abayidingi imfundo yemfundo ekhethekileyo kodwa banokuzuza kwiinkxaso ezongezelelweyo, indawo yokuhlala, ukulungiswa kwezifundo kunye nokuziphatha kunye nokuguqulwa kwekharityhulam yezemfundo rhoqo. IsiCwangciso se-504 sithatha inkqubo enokukhawuleza, elula yokufumana indawo yokuhlala kunye neenkxaso ukususela ngo-IDEA inemigangatho efanelekileyo yokufaneleka. Funda kabanzi malunga ne- IDEA kunye neCandelo 504
Ukuphuhlisa iSicwangciso sokuHlala se-504 se-ADHD
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuphuhliseni iPlani ye-504 kukuchonga indlela ukukhubazeka komfundi kuthintela ukufunda kunye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo kwaye ufumane imigaqo ethile yokuxhasa kunye nokuhlala okufunekayo. Ezi ndawo kufuneka zinciphise okanye zinciphise iziphumo zokukhubazeka kwabafundi kwimfundo.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD zinokuchaphazela umntu ngamnye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke iSicwangciso esingu-504 kufuneka senziwe ngamandla akhe ngamnye, isitayela sokufunda, imingeni yokuziphatha, kunye neemfuno zemfundo. UChris Zeigler Dendy, MS, ingcali ehlonishwa kakhulu kwi-ADHD nakwimfundo yemfundo. Kananjalo ungumlobi we-"Teaching Teens Youth ADD, ADHD, kunye neeNtsebenzo eziPhezulu zeMisebenzi." Ukongezelela ukungalindelekanga, i-Dendy ibonisa indawo ezininzi ezinokuba yingxaki kubafundi abane-ADHD kwisimo semfundo kuquka:
- Ukungaphumeleli kwimemori yokusebenza: izakhono zememori eziyimfuneko yokubhala iincwadana, ukwenza iingxaki zematriki eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokuqonda oko bakufundayo
- ubunzima bokuqalisa nokugqiba imisebenzi
- ukungahambi kakuhle kwexesha: ngokukhawuleza kwexesha, musa ukulawula ixesha ngokufanelekileyo
- ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo: ngakumbi ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza okanye "ukuqhuma"
- kunzima ukusebenzisa "ukuzithetha" ukulawula ukuziphatha
- ubunzima bokuhlalutya, ukusombulula iingxaki, ukuhlanganiswa nokuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso
- Ukufunda nokubhala ngokukhawuleza: ukuvelisa umsebenzi obhaliweyo obhaliweyo, ukufunda izinto ezincinci
- ukulungelelaniswa: ukulahlekelwa yizinto, iincwadi zokungahlambulukanga, iimpahla zokukhusela, kunye neefaki
- ku libala
- Iimeko ezinokungaqhelekanga ezifana nokukhubazeka kokufunda okanye ukudandatheka okwenza kube nzima ukufunda
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana nayiphi na le mingeni yokufunda, kubalulekile ukuba baqwalaselwe kwisiCwangciso sawo esingu-504. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba malunga nama-25 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini kwabafundi abane-ADHD banakho ukukhubazeka ngokufunda . Ukukhubazeka okuqhelekileyo kokufunda kuboniswe kwi-ADHD kubandakanya ukukhubazeka ekufundeni, izibalo, isipelingi kunye nokubhala okubhaliweyo .
Izibonelelo ezitholakalayo kubaFundi abaFanelekileyo abane-ADHD
Ezi ndawo zihlala zi luncedo kubafundi abane-ADHD. Isicwangciso se-504 somntwana sakho singabandakanya ezinye zezi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkonzo ezichaphazelekayo zabafundi zibandakanya intetho, unyango lwabasebenzi, unyango lomzimba, iteknoloji yokuncedisa, ukucebisa, kunye noqeqesho kwizicwangciso zokufunda, izakhono zoququzelelo kunye nokulawula ixesha.
- Ukuhlala okukhethiweyo (kude neziphazamiso-kude nomnyango, iwindi, ukucima ipensela okanye abafundi abaphazamisayo, kufuphi nomfundisi, indawo ephumlileyo ukugqiba umsebenzi wesikolo okanye iimvavanyo, ukuhlala umfundi ngokumisela imodeli / i-classroom "buddy")
- Ixesha elongeziweyo lokuvavanya (ngokukodwa luncedo kubafundi abavame ukubuyisa nokucwangcisa ulwazi ngesantya esincinci kwaye bathathe ixesha elide ngokuvavanya)
- Ukuguqulwa kwefomathi yokuvavanya kunye nokuhanjiswa (ukuhlolwa ngomlomo, ukusebenzisa i-calculator, ukuqokelela okanye ukuphula iimvavanyo zibe ngamacandelo amancinci ukugqiba, ukubonelela ikhefu phakathi kwamacandelo, indawo yokuthula ukugqiba iimvavanyo, ukhetho oluninzi okanye ugcwalise ifomathi yokuhlolwa engenanto endaweni yesicatshulwa)
- Izilungiso kwiklasi kunye nemisebenzi yasesikolweni (izabelo ezincitshiswayo zokuhlawulela ixesha elithathayo ukugqiba, ixesha elongezelelweyo lokugqiba izabelo, ukunciphisa inani lomsebenzi obhaliweyo, ukudiliza izabelo kunye neeprojekthi zexesha elide zibe ngamacandelo anemihla eyahlukeneyo yokugqitywa nganye icandelo, ukuvumela umfundi ukuba afune okanye atyhale iimpendulo zeerekodi, avumele umfundi ukuba asebenzise iikhompyutheni yomsebenzi obhaliweyo, iingxelo zomlomo okanye iiprojekthi kwiiprojekthi zokubonisa ukufundwa kwezinto eziphathekayo)
- Ukuncediswa ngokuthatha inqaku ukuthatha (ukubonelela umfundi ngekopi yamanqaku eklasi, ukuncedwa koontanga kunye nokuthatha inqaku, ukubethelwa komsindo kwezifundo)
- Ukuguqulwa kwezindlela zokufundisa (imiyalelo ye-multisensory, izixhobo ezibonakalayo nezandla ngezandla, ukugxininisa okanye ukugxininisa iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzi, ukukhangela umfundi kwiindawo eziphambili zesifundo, ukunika amanqaku eenkcukacha ezikhokelwayo, ukucacisa kunye nezifundo zokufunda, ukunciphisa iimfuno zememori, ukufundisa izakhono zeememori ezifana nommonics, ukuboniswa, ukuhlaziya ngomlomo nokuziphindaphinda, ukusebenzisa iincwadi kwi-tepi, uncedo kunye nentlangano, ukubeka phambili, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki )
- Ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo nezilula zomsebenzi wesikolo kunye nezabelo zeklasi (izikhombisi eziphindaphindayo, ukuthumela imisebenzi yasekhaya ekhaya, ukuxhaswa imiyalelo yomlomo kunye nemiyalelo ebonwayo / ebhaliweyo)
- Ukutyunjwa "abaphathi bamacandelo" okanye "abaqashi basekhaya" abakhumbuza abafundi ukuba babhale izabelo kwaye baqokelela umsebenzi ukuba bafundele utitshala
- Ukufundisa omnye ngomnye
- Ukulungiswa kwishedyuli yeklasi (cwangcisa ezo nkalo ezifuna ukugxininiswa kwengqondo ekuqaleni kwosuku lwesikolo, ishedyuli kwizikhefu eziqhelekileyo zabafundi yonke imihla ukuvumela ukunyakaza ngokomzimba kunye "nokuphumla kwengqondo," ukulungiswa kwithuba lokungahlali ixesha)
- Uhlengahlengiso lokubamba (ukuguqula ubunzima obunikwe iimviwo, ukuvavanya uvavanyo kwiinqununu kunye namacandelo okucwangcisa ngokwahlukileyo, ikhredithi ekhethekileyo yomsebenzi wesikolo ngokukhawuleza kunye nekhredithi epheleleyo yomsebenzi wokwenza)
- Uncedo lwabasebenzi (kubandakanywa nomfundisi / ummeli omele umhlangano kunye nomfundi ekupheleni kweklasi nganye okanye ukuphela kwemini ukujonga ukuba izabelo zasemakhaya zibhalwa ngokupheleleyo kwincwadi yencwadi yasekhaya kunye neencwadi ezifunwayo zikwipakethi yangemuva, kunikezela iifolda zentlangano kunye nabacebisi, ikhowudi yekhowudi)
- Isethi esongezelelweyo yeencwadi kubafundi ukuba bahlale ekhaya
- Ukugqitywa kweencwadi zezifundo kunye neencwadi zokusebenzela
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zokuziphatha ezilungileyo (kubandakanywa ukubeka esweni rhoqo, ingxelo, ukukhawuleza, ukulungiswa kwakhona nokuqiniswa)
- Ukusekwa inkqubo yoqhagamshelwano (njengencwadana yeengxelo zenkqubela yeveki, ii-imeyli eziqhelekileyo okanye iifowuni zeefowuni) phakathi komzali kunye notitshala / ummeli wesikolo ukuze bahlale bekwazisa malunga nenkqubela yomfundi okanye ubunzima. Yazisa umzali wesikolo somsebenzi kunye nesabelo seprojekthi kunye nemihla efanele
> Umthombo
- > UChris A. Zeigler Dendy, Teaching Teens abane-ADD, ADHD, kunye noLawulo lweeNtsebenzo eziLawulayo: Isikhokelo soKhuseleko ngokukhawuleza sootitshala kunye nabazali (i-Second Edition). House Woodbine. 2011.