Ukuziphatha kakubi kubantwana kubonakala ngamaphetheni okuphulwa kweemimiselo zentlalo kunye namalungelo abanye. Kufunyenwe kuqikelelwa kwi-1 ukuya kwi-4 ekhulwini kwi-9 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala ubudala, kunye nokugqithiseleyo kumakhwenkwe kunamantombazana. Ngokwenene imeko yonyango yengqondo kunye nezokwelapha ezikhoyo. Njengomzali, ukuqonda imiqondiso kunokunceda ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Ukuziphatha kweMingcipheko Ukunyanzelisa ukusebenza kwabantwana
Iimpawu ezicelomngeni ezibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha zichaphazela imfundo yabantwana. Abantwana abanenkinga yokuziphatha bangaba mngcipheko ophezulu wokungaphumeleli okanye ukuphuma esikolweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafumana isenzo soqeqesho oluya rhoqo kubafundisi kwaye banokuba nzima.
Abantwana abanenkinga yokuziphatha nabo banokuba nobudlelwane obubi. Bazama ukuhlakulela nokugcina ubuhlobo. Ulwalamano lwabo kunye namalungu entsapho badla ngokubangela ubunzima bokuziphatha kwabo.
Iintsholongwane kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha nazo zinokuthi zibe neengxaki zomthetho. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukuziphatha kakubi, nokungahoywa komthetho kunokukhokelela ekubanjweni.
Basenokuba sebunciphekweni obuphezulu bokusuleleka ngesondo. Uphononongo lubonisa abafana abanenkinga yokuziphatha banakho amathuba okuba neqabane lamadoda amaninzi kwaye abanako ukusetyenziswa kokukhusela.
Izibonakaliso zokuPhathwa kweziMpawu
Ukuziphatha kakubi kudlulela ngaphaya komvukelo osemtsha. Iquka iingxaki zokuziphatha ezinokuthi ziphakame i-alarm phakathi kootitshala, abazali, oontanga kunye nabanye abadala.
Ukuze kulungele ukuxilongwa kweengxaki zokuziphatha, abantwana kufuneka babonise ubuncinane iimpawu ezintathu kunyaka odlulileyo kwaye ubuncinane uphawu olulodwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo:
Ukunyanyiswa Kwabantu Nezilwanyana
- Ixhaphaza abantu abaninzi, isongela, okanye isongela abanye
- Ngokuqhelekileyo uqala ukulwa
- Uye wasebenzisa isikhali esinokubangela ingozi enkulu
- Ubukhohlakali bobuqu kubantu
- Ubukrakra ngokwenyama kwizilwanyana
- Ukuba xa ujongene nexhoba
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwesondo
UkuLawulwa kweMpahla
- Ukumisa umlilo ngomlilo
- Okunye ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropati
Ubuqhetseba okanye Ubusela
- Ukuphula okanye ukungena endlwini, imoto okanye isakhiwo
- Ukulwela ukuzuza
- Ukuba ngaphandle kokujongana nexhoba (njengokuthengwa ngesitolo)
Ulwaphulo olunzima lweRule
- Ukuhlala ebusuku okanye ukukhathazeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-13
- Ubalekele kwikhaya ubusuku ubuncinane kabini
- Idla ngokukhawuleza esikolweni, kuqala ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eyi-13
Iintlobo zokuPhathwa kweziNtu
I- DSM-V , esetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo zengqondo, iyahlula phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwemvakalelo engaphelelanga. Abantu abaneemvakalelo ezincinci ezibonakalisa ukungabi nokuzisola, abanomdla, nokungabi nzovelwano.
Abaxhalabele ngokusebenza kwabo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini, kwaye baneemvakalelo ezinzulu. Xa zikhona, iimvakalelo zabo zingasetyenziselwa ukuxhaphaza abanye.
Iingxaki zobungqina bokuziphatha
Abaphandi abaqinisekisi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantwana behlakulela ingxaki yokuziphatha.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo, ezengqondo nezentlalo ezibandakanyekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezo zinto zihamba.
Nazi izinto ezininzi ezinokudlala indima:
- Ubunzima bobuchopho - Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zibonisa ukuba abantwana abaneengxaki zendlela yokuziphatha bangaba nokusebenza okungavumelekanga kwimimandla ethile yengqondo. I-cortex yangaphambili-echaphazela isigwebo-kwaye inkqubo yesigxina-echaphazela iimpendulo zemizwelo-ingaphumeleli.
- I-Genetics - Izifundo zibonisa ukuziphatha okuchasene nentlalo malunga nama-50 ekhulwini. Abaphandi abaqinisekanga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zemizimba ezenza ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka.
- Imiba yentlalontle - Ubuthathaka, iindawo ezingabonakaliyo, izikolo ezihluphekileyo, ukuhlukana kweentsapho, ukuguquka kwengqondo kwengqondo, ukubeletha ngokukrakra, kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokungonelaneleko konke kuhambelana kakhulu nokuziphatha kakubi.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo - i- Low IQ, izakhono ezingenzi kakuhle, kunye nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni okulawulayo kunokubangela ukuba abantwana bangengozini yokuqhuba ingxaki.
Ukuxhatshazwa koMntu ongeyantlukwano onokuthi ube ngumNqophisi wokuPhathwa kweziNtu
Abanye abantwana abanenkinga yokuchasana nokunyaniseka bayaqhubeka nokuhlakulela ingxaki yokuziphatha. Ingxaki yokuchasana nengxaki yindlela yokuziphatha equka umzekelo womsindo othukutheleyo okanye onomsindo, ukuphikisana kunye nokunyaniseka.
Ngaphandle kokonyango olusebenzayo, kucinga ukuba ukuchasana nengxaki yokuchasana kunokuqhubela phambili kwiimeko zokukhubazeka njengomntwana oseminyaka.
Abantwana abanenkinga yokuziphatha bangaba nako ukuhlakulela ingxaki yobuntu obungasemva kweminyaka ebomini.
Izimo eziqhelekileyo zeComorbid
Abantwana abaninzi abaneengxaki zokuziphatha banezinye iinkalo zempilo yengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Nazi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-comorbid:
- ADHD
- Ukuzenzakalisa
- Ukungasebenzisi kakubi izinto
- Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalaba
- Isifo sengqondo sePottraumatic
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
Indlela Yokuziphatha Kokuphazamiseka Kufunyanwa Ngayo
Ukuziphatha kakubi kubantwana kudla ngokuxilongwa ngumqeqeshi wezempilo yengqondo okanye ugqirha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa emva kokuzama ukulungisa iingxaki zokuziphatha esikolweni kwaye ekhaya akusebenzi.
Ingcali ingabonisana noomntwana, uhlaziye iirekhodi, kwaye acele abazali kunye nootitshala beemviwo ezipheleleyo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana. Ukuhlolwa kweengqondo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya zingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umntwana ngenxa yengxaki yokuziphatha.
Ukunyangwa kwabantwana abane-Disorder Disorder
Unyango lweengxaki zokuziphatha kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, ezifana nobudala bomntwana kunye nobunzima beengxaki zokuziphatha.
- I-Psychotherapy inokuba luncedo xa umntwana enokuzuza ngokufunda izakhono ezintsha, ezifana nokuphathwa komsindo nokulawula umgudu.
- Uqeqesho lwabazali luvame ukusetyenziswa ukulungisa ingxaki yokuziphatha. Abazali banokufundiswa izicwangciso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha ukunyusa ukhuseleko ekhaya xa umntwana enobudlova okanye enobudlova.
- Unyango lwentsapho lunokukhetha . Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazali nomntwana kunokuphucula ukusebenzisana kweentsapho.
- Kwiimeko apho umntwana okanye ukuziphatha kwentombazana eye yaphuma ekulawuleni, kufuneka ukuba indawo yokuhlala ifunekayo. Ummandla wonyango unokujongana nemiba yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukuziphatha ngokwesini, okanye udlame.
- Ayikho iyeza elenza ingxaki yokuziphatha. Kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokumisela amayeza ukuba aphathe ezinye zeempawu okanye ukujongana nezinye izifo zengqondo.
Ukungenelela kwangethuba kuyisisiseko sokufumana unyango olungcono, ngoko kubalulekile kubazali, ootitshala, kunye noogqirha ukuba baqaphele iimpawu zokuziphatha kakubi kubantwana ukwenzela ukuba ukuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokungenelela kungenziwa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy Yomntwana Ne-Adolescent Psychiatry. Ukugula ngengqondo yabantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula.
> Baker K. Ukuphazamiseka kwabantwana nabaselula. Iipilisi kunye neMpilo yabantwana . 2016; 26 (12): 534-539.
> Balia C, iCarucci S, uCoghill D, iZuddas A. Ukunyanga kwezobisi kwiinkqubo zokugonywa kwabantwana kunye nabaselula kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. Ngaba iimpawu ezingenasimo sengqondo zilungelelanisa ukuphumelela kwamachiza? I-neuroscience kunye neengcebiso ze-Biobe . NgoJanuwari 2017.
> Holliday SB, Ewing BA, Storholm ED, Parast L, D'amico EJ. Ukwahlukana ngokobulili kumbutho phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo. Umbhalo we-Adolescence . 2017; 56: 75-83.