I-Cocaine yinkqubo ye-nervous system esebenza ngokukhawuleza. Yona inamandla kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izikhuthazo ezenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zikhishwe kumaqabunga e-coca. Ngokuqhutyelwa phambili, amaqabunga e-coca abe yi-cocaine kunye ne-crack esithengiswa kwisitalato.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba kudla ngokunqunyulwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitshixo, awukwazi ngokwenene ukuba kukuphi i-cocaine oyithenga kwisitalato.
Nangona ezinye zezi zizalisi zenza okungakumbi kunokwandisa inzuzo yomthengisi weziyobisi, ezinye ziyingozi kwaye zize zibulale. Ezinye zize zenzelwe ukulinganisa iimpawu zendalo ze-cocaine, ezongeza ingozi kubasebenzisi abanolwazi.
Izithako zaseprayimari zeCocaine
I-Cocaine iqulethe i-chemical substance ebizwa ngokuba yi- benzoylmethylecgonine . Itholakala kumagqabi e- Erythroxylum coca plant, ekhula kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwiindawo zase-Andes zasePeru, eBolivia naseColombia, nakwi siqithi saseJapan e-Indonesia.
Abantu bahlafuna amaqabunga e-coca ukuvelisa amandla okuphakamisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukutya. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ungabangela ukuhoxiswa kwe-cocaine okanye umlutha .
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa amaqabunga e-coca aqhutyelwa ngumbumba kunye ne-cocaine yama-freebase kunye ne-crackine, yenziwe ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba ivelise ukukhawuleza kwempembelelo. Kwakhona oku kwenza ukuba kubekho umlutha.
Ngethuba lokuqaliswa kokuqala, amaqabunga e-coca ayenziwa njenge-cocaine-unobumba obomhlophe, obomvu, okanye obomvu. Ifom ye-cocaine iqukethe i-40% ukuya kwi-80 ekhulwini ye-cocaine sulfate. Isetyenziswe eMzantsi Melika nakwezinye iindawo zaseMerika, apho ziyaziwa ngamagama pasta okanye i- bazooka .
Loo cocaine ophuliweyo uphinde ulungiswe ukuvelisa i-cocaine hydrochloride crystal, isithako esisisiseko kwi-cocaine ne-cocaine. Oku kuvuselela isisombululo esisisigxina se-cocaine kwaye sinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-cocaine ephakamileyo. Ithengiswa njengomphunga omhlophe odla ngokugqithisiweyo okanye " ukuphosa " uphakamle . Abasebenzisi bangayithatha ngomlomo okanye bashiye okanye bayifake.
I-Cocaine "Yinqunyiwe" Ngeefayile
Ukuba usebenzisa i-cocaine, mhlawumbi sele uyazi ukuba awuthathi i-cocaine ecocekileyo. I-cocaine powder edayiswa ngabantu abathengisi beziyobisi ngokuqhelekileyo i-cocaine hydrochloride "inqunywe" okanye ixutywe nezinye izinto ezingabakho kwi-80 ekhulwini yemveliso ethengiswayo.
Izithako ezizaliswe kwi-cocaine ziyahluka kakhulu, ezongeza kwingozi yechiza. Phakathi kwezidibaniso ezisetyenziswayo zezi:
- IziHlomelo ezineempembelelo ezinengqondo okanye eziphazamisayo ezinokunyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusebenzisa i-drug concoction edayiswa njenge-cocaine.
- Izigcawu ezinobuthi ezinobungozi ngetyhefu kodwa ezingenayo nayiphi na ingozi engqondweni.
- Iimpuphu ezimhlophe ezifana nokubonakala kwecocaine kwaye ziyanciphisa umphumo we-cocaine.
Psychoactive Ingredients
Akunakwenzeka ukuba isithako se-cocaine esisisigxina kuphela se-cocaine kwaye oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokulutha.
Izikhuthazo ezingabizi, ngokukodwa ezinye iimpuphu ezimhlophe ezifana ne- caffeine , zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cocaine. Amphetamines, crystal meth, methylphenidate, ergotamine, kunye ne-aminophylline zidla ngokuxutywa ne-cocaine.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezinokunqunyulwa kwi-cocaine, i-fentanyl ibangela enye ingozi enkulu. Kuphakathi kwezona zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokunyuka okukhulu kokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-overdose, nakwiimilinganiselo ezincinci. Kukho neengxelo zabantu abagqithisileyo ekuthinteni i-fentanyl.
Abadayisi baye badibanisa izidakamizwa ezahlukeneyo zesitalato kunye nefentanyl. Ingumlinganiso onamandla opioid analgesic ofana ne-morphine kodwa amaxesha angama-50 ukuya kuma-100 anamandla ngaphezu kwe-heroin.
Njengoko i-fentanyl ayinalo uhlobo olufanayo lweziyobisi njenge-cocaine, kusenokubonakala kungenangqondo ukuba iya kusetyenziswa ukunqumla i-cocaine yesitalato. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka ngokwenene, mhlawumbi ngenxa yomsindo okhuselekileyo wokuba izidakamizwa zenzeke kubasebenzisi
Ezinye i-opioid compounds, ezifana ne-carfentanil, zifumaneka kwi-cocaine. Ezi zininzi ngakumbi kwaye zinetyhefu kune fentanyl.
Abasebenzisi beCocaine badla ngokumangaliswa xa befumanisa ukuba ezi zikhuthazo zivakaliswa kwiimvavanyo zonyango kuba bakholelwa ukuba bathathe kuphela i-cocaine. Nangona kuninzi olunqumlayo phakathi kwezinto ezikhuthazayo, ezifana ne-cocaine kunye ne-amphetamines, kukho ukunqumla phakathi kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ze-opioid. I-Cocaine kunye ne-opioids isebenza ngokungafaniyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uthathe ntoni.
Izithako ezinobuthi
Nangona kunqabile ukuba izithako ezinobuthi zixutywe kwi-cocaine, ingozi inzima. I-Cocaine equkethe isetyhe iyaziwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi "ukufa kubangelwa" ngenxa yokuba ingaba yingozi. Ufanele ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye umntu owaziyo uthathe i-cocaine kwaye ufumana imiphumo emibi.
Uphononongo lwezilwanyana ezithengiweyo ngokusebenzisa imithombo ye-intanethi engafanelekanga yabonisa ukuba malunga ne-40 ekhulwini ye-cocaine equlethe i-levamisole, amayeza angatholakali e-United States. I-Levamisole iyimithi e-anthelmintic esetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa nokukhupha izibungu ezidlulayo kwizilwanyana. Nangona abanye abantu bekwazi ukubuyela kwimpawu zonyango eziphumo, ukufa kwabikwa.
I-Strychnine isithako esinetyhefu edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha kunye ne-cocaine. It isetyenziswe ngetyhefu kwaye inokubulala abantu. Iimpawu zengqondo ze-strychnine zetyhefu zifana nemiphumo emibi abantu bafumana ngayo i-cocaine. Ezi ziquka ukuxhalaba, ukungazinzi, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokunyuka kwempendulo.
I-Strychnine nayo ibangela iimpawu zomzimba ezinjengeentlungu zesisu kunye ne-spasms, ukungqongqo kweengalo nemilenze, kunye nokugubha kwentamo nasemva. Ukuxhatshazwa komlenze kuyimpawu ezabelwana zikhuthazo ezifana ne-meth kunye ne-ecstasy, ngoko banokuphelelwa lula.
I-arsenic, nayo, ngamanye amaxesha iyancipha ibe yi-cocaine kwaye ibangela ukufa ukuba kuthengwe ngokubanzi. Iingxaki zempilo ezihambelana nayo ziquka isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile; umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi; ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi; ingqolowa kunye neengxabano ezandleni, ezinyaweni kunye nasesigodini; kunye nomhlaza. Iimpawu zokungcola kwe-arsenic ziquka ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, isifo sohudo, nezikhonkwane kunye neenaliti ezandleni naseenyawo.
Izithako zeAnesthetic
I-Cocaine ineempembelelo zemvelo empumlweni, emqaleni naseminzini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-anesthetics yendawo engancinci kunye nezomthetho, njengeprocaine (Novocain), i-lidocaine, i-tetracaine kunye ne-benzocaine, ihlala ixutywe ne-cocaine. Oku kunika abasebenzisi abanolwazi ngcamango yokuba i-cocaine ayithenge ingumgangatho ophezulu.
Ezi zinto azivelisi i-cocaine ephezulu, kodwa zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zamazinyo kwaye zivelise ukuvakalelwa okufana nangoko xa zihlanjululwa okanye zihlahliwe kwizinsini. Umsebenzisi ngezinye amaxesha uya kuhlola i-cocaine ngokugubungela i-powder encinci kwizinsini zabo. Ngelixa iifama zimele zidibene xa ziqukethe i-cocaine, kungakho ngenxa yezinye zala ma-agent adonsa.
Kuhlolisiso lwezilwanyana ezithathiweyo, i-lidocaine yafunyanwa kuma-66 ekhulwini weesampuli ze-cocaine ezithathwe. Nangona ama-anesthetics ngokwawo asetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwiinjongo zonyango kunye namazinyo, azikho ngaphandle kweengozi. Ezi zi yobisi ziquka ukuchasana kweeklinikhi kwaye zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ukongezelela, iimiphumo zengxaki zingakhuseleka kwaye zixinzeleleke xa zingaphantsi kwefuthe le-cocaine, ingakumbi ngenxa yefuthe le-cocaine lexhala kunye ne- paranoia .
Filler Izithako
Iifomders ezimhlophe ezingenayo ifayile zisetyenzisiweyo njengezizalisi, kuquka i-talc, ufulawa, i-cornstarch kunye ne-ushukela ehlukahlukeneyo. Ezinye izithako eziyinyumba ezingenayo inetyhefu kodwa nje zancincile izidakamizwa zibandakanya i-baking soda, isitashi samabele, i-vitamin C powder, i-glucose, i powd, ne-milk milk.
Ezinye izithako zifunyenwe kwezinye iisampuli ze-cocaine:
- Ngezinye iixesha i-quinine ifakwe kwi-cocaine ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo
- Thiamin, owaziwa ngokuba yi-vitamin B1
- I-Tyramine , into yokutya engabangela ukuba i-migraines, eyingozi kubantu abathatha i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- I-sodium carbonate, eyaziwa nangokuthi ihlamba yesoda
- I-magnesium silicate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-asbestos
- I-Magnesium sulfate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Epsom salts
- I-Salicylamide, umthwalo wokunciphisa ubuhlungu obungenayo imithi
- Iziphumo ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu zifunyenwe kwisifundo sezilwanyana ezithathiweyo, kuquka i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, i-aluminium, isinyithi, i-manganese kunye ne-zinc.
I-Freebase kunye ne-cocaine, ezo iintlobo ze-cocaine eziye zacocwa kwakhona ukuze zibheke, zilungele ukusebenzisa i-alkalis. Ezi ziquka izinto ezifana ne-ammonia kunye ne-sodium bicarbonate (i-baking soda) okanye i-solvents, e-ether.
Izidakamizwa eziMnqamlezo
Ngenxa yokunciphisa, awuyi kuba nako ukuxelela ngokusebenzisa i-cocaine yesitrato nokuba i- cocaine iyalutha . Kungenzeka ukuba ungeke usebenzise i-cocaine nonke. Okanye, ungase uthathe inani elincinane lee-cocaine kunokuba uyazi.
Oku akuthethi ukuba into oyisebenzisayo ikhuselekile. Enyanisweni, usenokuba usebenzisa into eyingozi ngakumbi. Unokuba unomlutha kwizinto ezahlukeneyo xa ucinga ukuba uphelelwe i-cocaine.
Umsebenzisi we-cocaine onamava ovavanya i-cocaine yempembelelo yongxowanxu angadukiswa ekucingeni ukuba basebenzisa i-cocaine. Oku kunokubangela ukuba bazibuze ukuba kutheni banomuzwa ongaphantsi kwengqondo okanye utywala .
Umsebenzisi ofanayo unokucinga ukuba bazama ukunyamezela i- cocaine kunye nokwandisa umthamo wabo. Oku kunokuba nempembelelo embi yokubangela iimpawu zokuhoxiswa kwe-cocaine . Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni ukuba i-batch elandelayo ukuthengwa komsebenzisi kunomxholo ophezulu we-cocaine kwaye bathabatha inani elifanayo njengoko benzayo ne-batch fake.
ILizwi
Ingaba ungasebenzisa i-cocaine yangempela okanye omnye umxube, mhlawumbi ixesha lokuyeka. Ukuba udinga uncedo ekunqobeni iingxaki ezinxulumene nemfuyo okanye umlutha kunoma yiphina isilwanyana, inkxaso kunye neenkonzo ziyafumaneka ngakumbi kunanini ngaphambili.
Kwabaninzi, ukusebenzisa i-cocaine kuchazwa njengento yentlalo abayisebenzisayo nabahlobo. Kwamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho inxaxheba yoxinzelelo lwabaontanga . Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi xa uwedwa ubeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokugqithisa, njengoko kungekho mntu ufumane ukucela uncedo okanye ukunika uncedo lokuqala xa ulahlekelwa ingqalelo.
Ukuba usebenzisa i-cocaine njengendlela yokujongana nokuzithemba okuphantsi okanye ukuba uyazinyango ngenxa yokuba ufuna ukufihla ukuxinezeleka , kukho iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha zombini. Ukusetyenziswa kweCocaine akusisisombululo, kuba, njengazo zonke izilingo zokuziphatha kakubi, iyakubamba nje ingxaki kwaye ivelise iingxaki ezininzi.
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> UHammond B. Levamisole-Ukuxhaswa kweCocaine ehamba phambili kwi-Vasculitis ebulalayo: Ingxelo yeNgxelo. Umongikazi ojongene nophando ; 37 (4): 49-57. 2017. nceda: http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017977.
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