Kuquka i-Problematic Usetyenziso lweMarijuana kunye ne-Marijuana Addiction
Ukusetyenziswa kwesifo se-Cannab isifo sokuxilongwa esinikezelwa ukusetyenziswa kwegunju. Ukuxilongwa kuye kwafakwa kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities , yesihlanu okanye iDSM-5. Kwi-edlulileyo yangaphambili, i-DSM-IV-TR, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-cannabis okanye i-marijuana yahlukana ngeziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-cannabis kunye nokuxhomekeka kwe-cannabis.
Ngaba Oku Kusho Ukuthi I-Cannabis Ayilungisi?
Ngenxa yokunyamalala kokuxhomekeka kwe-cannabis, abanye abantu banokuyichaza ukutshintsha kwegama lesifo kwisifo esisodwa sokuthi i-cannabis ayiyilisi, kwaye i-cannabis ayikho ukuxhomekeka kweziyobisi. Emva koko, sele sele idume ngokuba yiziyobisi ezithambileyo .
Ingqwalasela eninzi yaya kwisigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwesifo sengxaki somnxeba kufuneka ichazwe kwi-DSM-5. Abasebenzisi abaninzi be-cannabis bayayiphika nayiphi na imiba yokuxhatshazwa kwesi sidakamizwa, kodwa ezininzi zibonakala zibaxakile. Ukusetyenziswa kwesifo se-cannabis kubamba ukuba abantu banokuba nefuthe elibi ngotshwala lwabo, ngaphandle kokuba ngumlutha. Nangona kunjalo, linendawo yokufumana umlutha xa kwaye kwenzeka ntoni.
Ingcali yokuxhomekeka kwi-Cannab uDkt. Alan Budney uhlalutye uphando lwe-cannabis ukuhoxiswa kwaye yafumanisa ukuba zombini izifundo zophando lwezonyango kunye nezifundo zezigulane zibonisa ngokuqhubekayo umzekelo wokukhutshwa kwesifo se-syndrome kubasebenzisi be-cannabis abayeka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifanelwe ukuba ngumlutha, njengokwenza i-cocaine ne-heroin.
Ukuhoxiswa kuqala malunga neeyure ezingama-24 emva kokuyeka usebenzisa i-cannabis, ukuphakama emva kweentsuku ezi-2-4, kwaye ixhaswe emva kweveki 1-3.
Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba igama liye latshintsha, kwaye igama elithi "usetyenziso" lithathe indawo "yokuxhatshazwa" okanye "ukuxhomekeka," akuthethi ukuba i-cannabis ayikholisi. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba i-cannabis iyilutha.
Kutheni Kukho Uxinzelelo Olunye Lokutshintsha ezimbini?
Emva kokusekwa kwesigxina sokusetyenziswa kwesifo se-cannabis, iqela le-DSM-5 lijolise ekunqumeni ukuba ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwezidalwa ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokukhethekileyo, kufuneka iqokelelwe kwisifo esinye okanye ezimbini. Kwi-DSM-IV-TR, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-cannabis kwakucatshangelwa ingxaki engathà sina, kunye neengxaki ezivela ku-usenabis, kodwa akukho nto ibonisa ukuxhomekeka. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuxhomekeka kwe-cannabis kugxile kwiimpawu kunye neempawu zokulutha, ngokukodwa, ukunyamezela kunye nokuhoxiswa.
Iingcali ezahlukahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya ukuchonga ukuba ngaba iingxaki abantu abahlangabezana nazo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo omnye wokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, okanye iindidi ezimbini ezahlukileyo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinto. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo, bazimisele ukuba umbono oyingqungquthela wenza ingqiqo. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukileyo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-cannabis kunye nokuxhomekeka kwe-cannabis, ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki kwicandelo ngalinye, isilinganiselo esisodwa esisetyenzisiweyo esibandakanya zonke iingxaki ezazivelele kwiindidi ezimbini. Ubunzima beengxaki zomntu bunokubanjwa ngokubandakanya isibonakaliso esongezelelweyo.
Ubumnene kusetyenziswa ukubonisa iimpawu ezi-2-3, ngokulinganayo zibonisa iimpawu ezi-4-5, kwaye zibonisa ubunzima obunamandla obubonisa 6 okanye ngaphezulu.
Izibonakaliso ze-Cannabis Use Use Disorder
Ubuncinane ubuncinane beempawu ezilandelayo kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 kubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwesifo se-cannabis:
- Ukuthatha i-cannabis engaphezulu kunokuba bekujoliswe kuyo
- Ubunzima bokulawula okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesininzi
- Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwi-usenabis
- Ukukhwabanisa inkunkuma
- Iingxaki emsebenzini, esikolweni nakwikhaya ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-isnabis
- Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-cannabis naphezu kweengxaki zoluntu okanye ubudlelwane
- Ukunikezela okanye ukunciphisa eminye imisebenzi ekuthandeni i-cannabis
- Ukuthatha i-cannabis kwiimeko ezinobungozi
- Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-cannabis naphezu kwengxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo
- Ukunyamezela kwi-cannabis
- Ukurhoxiswa xa uyeka isinabhasi.
Khumbula, indlela entsha yokuchaza ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cannabis ithetha ukuba ukuqina komlingo womntu akuhambelani nobunzima beengxaki zabo. Ngoluhlu lweempawu ezili-11 ozikhethayo, umntu unokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwesifo se-cannabis, esinzima, ngaphandle kokunyamezela okanye ukuhoxiswa, iimpawu zokulutha. Ngomqondiso ofanayo, banokuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo yokusetyenziswa kwesifo se-cannabisi, nobumnene, nangona bafumana ukunyamezela okukhulu kunye nokuhoxiswa.
Imithombo:
Umbutho we-Psychiatric Association, i- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities of the Mind, i- edition yesihlanu i-DSM-5 yaseMelika ye-Psychiatric Association, ngo-2013.
UHelzer, J., uVan Den Brink, W., noGuth, S. "Ngaba kufuneka kubekho iziCwangciso zeCategori kunye neZingqinisiso zokuSetyenziswa koMbane kwi-DSM-V?" Umlutha 101, s1: 17-22. 2006.
UMuthén, B. "Ngaba ukungaxhatshazwa kokusetyenziswa kweMpahla kufuneka kuthathwa njengeCategical or Dimensional?" Umlutha 101, s1: 6-16. 2006.