Uphuhliso lolwimi mhlawumbi lunye lwezinto ezintle kakhulu ukuzigcina. Utshintsho oluphawulekayo ekubhekiseleleni izandi ezimbalwa ezivakalayo nezandi kunye nezigurgles ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo, izivakalisi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphambi kokuba abantwana bakwazi ukuthetha amagama abo okuqala, sele sele bakwazi ukuqonda ulwimi oluninzi.
Abantwana bahamba ngeendlela eziliqela zokuphuhlisa ulwimi . Ulwimi lokuqala lweelwimi lubandakanya ukwenza izandi zokubethela, ekugqibeleni ziqhubela phambili kwigama elinye igama. Ukusuka apho, abantwana baqala ukubeka amagama amabini kunye kwaye ekugqibeleni baqhubele phambili kwisigaba samagama amaninzi.
Ezi zilandelayo zizinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhlisa abantwana abaqhele ukufikelela njengoko bephuhlisa izakhono zolwimi nezonxibelelwano.
Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu
Kubonakala kuyamangalisa ukuba uphuhliso lweelwimi luqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa. Ngaphezulu kwekota yokuqala yokuphila komntwana, bayakwazi ukwahlula zonke izandi zentetho ezenzeka ngolwimi. Ngeenyanga ezintathu zokuqala zobomi, ininzi intsana iqala uku:
- Mamela izandi kwaye uphendule ngokujonga kwisithethi
- Tshela umehluko phakathi kwabazali kunye nabanye abantu
- Phendula kwiinguqu kwivolumu kunye neetoni
- Ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo ngolwimi lwazo lwangaphandle ngokubhekiselele kolwimi olungelona ulwimi
- Ukuthetha ngokumemeza, ukuhleka, nokubamba
- Qalisa ukuzama ukuxelisa izandi
Ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6 inyanga
Nangona iintsana zikwazi ukuthetha, oku akuthethi ukuba abanxibelelwano. Ezi "zakuqala" iingxoxo zithembela kwizandi, ukuthabatha, ukukhanya kwamehlo kunye nesibonakaliso sobuso kunye nokunceda ukubeka isigaba sokuphuhliswa kweelwimi kamva.
Ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya ezintandathu, iintsana ezininzi ziqala uku:
- Silingisa isilula esilula kunye nezandi eziqhawulayo
- Ukutshintshisa ubuso obunomdla nabanonophelo, njengokumomotheka xa umzali emomothekayo
- Mamela iingxoxo zabanye
Ukususela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-9 inyanga
Ngeli nqanaba, abazali baqaphela ukuba umntwana wabo uqhubeka ethanda. Ukongeza ekubambeni, abantwana abaninzi baqala ukuthetha amagama abo okuqala athi "mama," "udade," kunye "uhambe." Phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kweyisithoba, abaninzi abantwana baqala uku:
- Yenza izandi eziphindaphindiweyo
- Sebenzisa izibonakaliso zamagama nezingaxeliyo ukuthetha nabanye
- Sebenzisa imiqondiso ngokubambisana namagama alula, njengokungagungqa nokuthi "hamba"
Ukususela kwi-9 ukuya kwi-12 inyanga
Njengoko abantwana besondela omnye unyaka ubudala, amandla abo ngolwimi akhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa abantwana bekwazi ukuvelisa amagama ambalwa kweli nqanaba, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba banokuqonda ngakumbi. Enyanisweni, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantwana baqala ukuqonda ulwimi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokukhawuleza njengoko bafunda ukuthetha. Abantwana phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 kunye neenyanga ezili-12 banokuthi:
- Qonda amagama abantu abaninzi kunye nezinto
- Sebenzisa ulwimi lomzimba kunye nesibonakaliso sombuso ukubonisa indlela abazizwa ngayo
- Nciphise izenzo zabo xa umntu esithi "Hayi"
- Yisho amagama ambalwa
Kususela kwiminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kweyimi-2
Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kukhula ngokukhula. Abaphandi abaphuhlisayo bahlala bebhekisela kweli xesha njengegama lamagama amabini kuba abaninzi abantwana baqala ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezilula, ezimbini. Ukuqala malunga neenyanga ezili-18 ubudala, abantwana baqala ukufunda amaqondo amatsha angama-9 ukuya ku-10 ngosuku ngalunye. Ngonyaka owodwa ubudala, abaninzi abantwana baqala uku:
- Ukuqonda imiyalelo eyisiseko efana nokuthi "Yidla ukutya kwakho"
- Sebenzisa "yam" ukubonisa ifa lempahla
- Yiba nesigama esibandakanya amagama amaninzi athetha ngokucacileyo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa amanye amagama athetha ngokucacileyo kwaye amalungu omndeni kuphela anokuqonda
- Qala ukubetha kunye amagama alula ukuze uchaze izinto okanye iziganeko
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-2 kuya kwe-3
Ngomnyaka wesibini, abantwana baqala ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngeendlela ezinzima. Ngeenyanga ezingama-24, malunga nesiqingatha sawo onke amazwi omntwana ubuncinane amabini amabini amaxesha. Ngeli thuba lophuhliso, abantwana nabo:
- Unamazwi athile okuchaza izinto ezininzi
- Ziqondwa ngamalungu entsapho
- Uqala ukusebenzisa izihlomelo kunye nezichazi
- Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezibini ukuya kweyesithathu
- Unokuchaza oko kwenzekayo emini
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwe-4
Xa bebaneminyaka emithathu, abantwana baqala ukuphuhlisa izakhono zolwimi eziphambili kunye noonxibelelwano. Uninzi lwabantu abangaphandle kwintsapho luyakwazi ukuthetha oko umntwana akutshoyo ngeli nqanaba kwaye umntwana angakwazi ukuqhuba iingxoxo usebenzisa izivakalisi ezimbini ukuya kwethathu ngelo xesha. Ezinye izakhono eziqala ukuvela ziquka:
- Unokuqonda nokusebenzisa izivakalisi
- Uqala ukusebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo kunye neeninzi
- Iyakwazi ukulandela uchungechunge lweendlela ezimbini ukuya kwezine
- Ngaba unokuqonda nokusebenzisa izivakalisi ezisebenzisa ixesha ("Ndiya e-zoo kusasa.")
- Funda kwaye ucule iingoma
Kususela kwiminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5
Phakathi kweminyaka emine no-5, abantwana banokuba banolwazi xa bexoxa. Akunako kuphela ukukwazi ukuthetha ngezizathu-neseziphumo, nazo ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa nokuqonda ulwimi oluthelekisayo olufana nokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Ezinye izinto ezinxibelelwano eziphunyeziweyo ngeli xesha ziquka:
- Iyakwazi ukulandela umtya wemiyalelo emithathu engahambelaniyo
- Unwabela ukuphulaphula amabali amade kwaye ungazikhumbula ngokuchanekileyo
- Usebenzisa izivakalisi eziqhelekileyo malunga namazwi amane ukuya kwamathathu
- Unokuhlanganisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo kwisigwebo esisodwa
- Ucela imibuzo malunga nendlela, nini, nokuba kutheni izinto zenzeka
- Ngaba unokuthetha ngezinto ezicinga okanye ezizayo ("Ndiyathanda ukuba ..." okanye "Ndiyathemba ukuba ...")
Khumbula, zonke iinjongo eziphuhlisayo zisebenza njengesicatshulwa sophuhliso. Bonke abantwana bafunda kwaye baphuhlise ngesantya esahlukileyo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, umntwana wakho ehluleka ukufezekisa ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye engabonakali ukuba aphuhlise kwisantya esilindelekileyo, qwa lasela umnxibelelwano wakho wezezempilo malunga nokufumana uvavanyo.
Kufuneka ufunde ngakumbi malunga nophuhliso lwebantwana ngokususela kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo , iingcamango ezinokuqonda , kunye nezentlalo ezinkulu .
Iingxelo
UMbutho Wokukhubazeka Wokufunda waseMelika (1999). Intetho kunye neetati eziphambili. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.ldonline.org/article/6313
Izakhono zokunxibelelana. (nd). Umntwana Ophela. Ukufunyanwa kwihttp: //www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/communication.html