Iinkcukacha, iimpembelelo, kunye neengxaki
Ngexesha lama-1960, isazi sezengqondo se-Diana uBaumrind sichaza iindlela ezintathu zokuba ngumzali ezahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kuphando lwakhe ngabantwana abaneminyaka engama-1000 ubudala: abalawuli , abagunyazisiweyo kunye nabazali. Kwiminyaka kamva, abaphandi bongeze isitayela sesine esaziwa njengomzali ongenakuvulwa.
Umzali ongenakuthululwa, ngezinye iinkcukacha obizwa ngokuba ngumzali ongenamdla, isitayela esibonakaliswe ukungabikho kwempendulo kwiimfuno zomntwana.
Abazali abangavumiyo banamathuba ambalwa okungafunwa ngabantwana babo kwaye bahlala bengenamdla, bengavumi, okanye bawashiya ngokupheleleyo.
Abazali ababandakanyekanga kakhulu kunye nezingane zabo. Ngethuba belungiselela izidingo ezisisiseko ezifana nokutya kunye nendawo yokukhusela, abaxhomekiyo kwimpilo yabantwana babo. Iqondo lokuthatha inxaxheba lichane kakhulu. Abanye abazali abangavumiyo banokuthi bangene ngezandla zabo kunye nezingane zabo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba banemiqathango emiselweyo njengamaxesha okufihla. Abanye bangabaneliseki okanye banqabe abantwana babo ngqo.
Iimpawu zabazali abangavumiyo
Abazali abangavumiyo bavame ukuba nale miba:
- Baxhomekeke kumoya kubantwana babo
- Banikela ngokuncinci okanye kungekho nongamela
- Ababonisa ukufudumala, uthando, nothando kubantwana babo
- Bambalwa okanye akukho lindelo okanye iimfuno zokuziphatha
- Abaya kwiziganeko zezikolo kunye neenkomfa zabazali-titshala
- Basenokuphephelwa ngabantwana babo ngenjongo
- Bahlala bexineke kakhulu kwiingxaki zabo zokujongana nabantwana babo
Iimiphumo zoMzali ongenakuvuthwa kwiNyana
Abantwana abakhuliswa ngabazali abangavumiyo bavame ukuvalelwa kwezi ziphumo:
- Kufuneka bafunde ukubonelela ngokwabo
- Banoyika ukuxhomekeka kwabanye abantu
- Zihlala zihoxiswa ngokomzwelo
- Bavame ukubonisa ubugqwetha obuninzi xa beselula
- Baziva ukwesaba, ukuxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkxaso yentsapho
- Unobungozi obuninzi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
Iziphumo zoMzali ongenakususwa
Abaphengululi badibanisa iindlela zokubazali kunye neenqanaba leziphumo zabantwana kwiindawo ezifana nezakhono zentlalo kunye nokusebenza kwezemfundo. Abantwana abazali abangavumiyo ngokubanzi benza kakubi phantse kuyo yonke indawo yobomi. Aba bantwana bathambekele ekuboniseni ukulahleka kwenkcazo, ukuxhaswa , izakhono zengqondo kunye nezakhono zentlalo.
Ngenxa yokungabikho kokuphendula ngokomzwelo nothando oluvela kubabelethi babo, abantwana abakhuliswa ngabazali abangavumiyo banokuba nobunzima bokwenza iziqhotyoshelweyo kamva ebomini. Ukungabikho kwemida epheleleyo ekhaya kwenza kube nzima ukufunda iziphatho ezifanelekileyo kunye nemida esikolweni nakwezinye iimeko zentlalontle, yingakho abantwana abanabantwana abangenakuvuswa banokuthi bangaphili.
Iingxaki Zomzali ongenakuvuthwa
Abazali ababonisa indlela yokubeletha engavumelekanga babevame ukuphakanyiswa ngabazali abangenakuvuswa kunye nabalahlayo. Njengabantu abadala, banokuzifumana bephinda iipatheni ezifanayo abakhuliswa ngazo. Abanye abazali ababonisa le ndlela bangabanjwa nje ebomini babo bexakeke kangangokuba bafumana kulula ukuthabatha indlela yokubambisana nabantwana babo.
Kwezinye iimeko, abazali banokuthi bangeniswe kwiingxaki zabo (oko kukuthi, ukuxhatshazwa, ukujamelana nokudakumba, ukujamelana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi) ngokwenene abahluleka ukubona ukuba abanakuvunywa njani nabantwana babo okanye abakwaziyo ukubonelela inkxaso yabo abantwana abayidingayo.
> Imithombo:
> Bahr SJ, uHoffmann JP. Uhlobo lobazali, inkolo yokuThembeka, oontanga, kunye ne-Adolescent Drinking heavy. I-Journal of Studies on Alcohol and drugs . Julayi 1, 2010; 71 (4): 539-543.
> I-Baumrind D. Iinkqubo Zokunakekela Abantwana Ukuxhamla Iimpawu Ezintathu Zokuziphatha Kwezikolo Zokufunda. I-Genetic Psychology Monographs. NgoFebruwari 1967; 75: 43-88.
> I-Baumrind D. I-Influence of Parents parent Style in Usetyenziso lwe-Adolescent and Use. Umbhalo we-Early adolescence . Ngo-1991; 11 (1): 56-95.
> Hancock Hoskins D. Iziphumo zoBantwana kwiZiphumo ze-Adolescent. Imibutho . 2014; 4: 506-531; i-doi: 10.3390 / soc4030506.