I- Manual Diagnostic & Statistical of Mental Disorders, ukushicilelwa kwesihlanu , (DSM-5) yanyatheliswa ngo-2013 yi-American Psychiatric Association. Inika oogqirha kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo ngeendlela zokuhlola iingxaki ezithile zeengqondo, kubandakanya i-anorexia nervosa.
Incwadi yokuDatha yokuThola
I-manual ye-diagnostic yangaphambili, i-DSM-IV (eyapapashwa ngo-1994), yayinengxaki kuba ubuninzi beekota ezintathu zezigulane ezifunyanwe nesifo sokutya ziwele kwi-catchall kunye nesigaba esicatshulwayo sokuxhatshazwa kokutya ngaphandle kokucacileyo (EDNOS) .
Oku kwenza kube nzima kubaphandi kunye neekliniki ukuba bachaze ngokwaneleyo kwaye baphathe uluhlu lwezigulane kweli qela.
Utshintsho kwi-Anorexia kwi-DSM-5
I-DSM-5 idibanise iindidi zangaphambili zokudliwayo kokutya kunye nokuxhamla ingxaki kwi-Early Childhood okanye kwi-Early Childhood kwaye yakha uluhlu olutsha, Ukutya nokuxhalabisa . I-DSM-5 izame ukuphumla ezinye zeendlela kwaye ziwandise iindidi zeengxaki ezithile ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani lezigulane kwi-EDNOS (ebizwa ngokuba yi-OSFED) iqela. Ngokwemigaqo ye-anorexia nervosa, kukho iinguqu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kwi-DSM-5:
- i-amenorrhea (ukulahlekelwa kwexesha lokuya esikhathini) kwagqitywa njengemigangatho. Oku kubalulekile kuba ivumela amadoda ukuba ahlangabezane neendlela zokulungiselela i-anorexia nervosa. Kwakhona kuvumela ukufakwa ngokusemthethweni kwincinci encinane yabesifazane abaqhubeka nokuya esikhathini nangona ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu kunye nokungondleki
- umlinganiselo wexabiso ophantsi uhlaziywe ukuvumela ukuthobela ngakumbi kunye nesigwebo seklinikhi. Oku kubaluleke kwakhona ukuhlaziywa ngenxa yokuba siyazi ukuba i- anorexia nervosa inokuvela kubantu abangekho nto eya kuthathwa njengesisindo esifanelekileyo kwisicatshulwa se-BMI. Ivumela oogqirha ukuba baqwalasele indlela yokukhula ekhethekileyo yomntu kunye nembali yesisindo .
I-DSM-5 Imigaqo ye-Anorexia Nervosa
Umntu kufuneka adibane nazo zonke iimfuno ze-DSM ezikhoyo ukuba zifumaneke nge-anorexia nervosa:
- Ukuthintela kokutya okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuthoma ubunzima obangela "ubunzima bomzimba obuphantsi kakhulu" kwinto enokulindelwa kumntu womntu, ubulili kunye nokuphakama.
- Uloyiko lokutyebile okanye lokufumana ubunzima.
- Yiba nombono ophosakeleyo ngokwawo kunye nemeko yabo. Imizekelo yale nto ingabandakanya umntu ocinga ukuba ukhuluphele xa ephantsi koko, okanye ekholelwa ukuba baya kuzuza ubunzima besidlo esisodwa. Umntu onesi-anorexia unokuphinde enze izizathu okanye azikhanyele ukuba kukho ingxaki yokuba ngumzimba ophantsi. Ezi ngcamango ziyaziwa kubaqeqeshi "njengeziphene."
I-DSM-5 iphinda ivumele ootitshala ukuba bachaze amacandelwana e-anorexia nervosa:
- Uthintelwe Uhlobo: Le yintsiphayithi ehambelana nokujonga ngokungafaniyo kwe-anorexia nervosa. Umntu akahlali edla ngokutya.
- I-Binge-Eating / Uhlobo lokuguqula: Umntu uhlala edla ngokutya kunye nokuhlambulula ukuziphatha, njengokuhlanza okuzenzekelayo kunye / okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwelaxatives okanye i-diuretics. Ukutywala ukutya / ukuhlanjululwa kwe-subtype kufana ne- bulimia nervosa ; Nangona kunjalo, akukho mqathango wokulahlekelwa isisindo sokunyuka kwe-bulimia nervosa. Njengoko kwimiqulu edlulileyo ye-DSM, i-anorexia nervosa "i-trumps" ye-bulimia nervosa, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu uhlangabezana neempendulo zokuba i-anorexia nervosa kunye ne-bulimia nervosa ukuba i-anorexia nervosa (uhlobo lokutya / ukuhlanza) lufunyenwe.
Kwakhona kuvumela ootitshala ukuba bachaze ukuba umntu unokholo okanye ukuxolelwa okupheleleyo (ukubuyisela), kunye nokucacisa ubunzima obukhoyo obukhoyo, ngokusekelwe kwi-BMI.
Kwizigulane ezingenakuhlangabezana neengqinisiso ze-Anorexia Nervosa
Kwizigulane ezingagqibekanga iimpawu zokufumana i-anorexia nervosa, Okunye ukuZondla okuCacisiweyo kunye nokuPhala kweNgxaki kunokuyilungelelwano olufanelekileyo. Ukufunyaniswa nge-OSFED ngokuchasene ne-anorexia nervosa akuthethi ukuba umntu akasagula kwaye akadingi uncedo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu banokuhlangabezana neendlela zokutya ezihlukeneyo ngezikhathi ezahlukeneyo njengoko iimpawu zingatshintsha.
Akukho mgca ocacileyo phakathi kokuphilileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka, kodwa uninzi lwee-gray ze-grey phakathi.
Ukufumana Uncedo
I-Anorexia nervosa ingabangela imiphumo embi yempilo . Ukubuyisela kwi-anorexia nervosa kuya kwenzeka. Ukufumana uncedo ekuqaleni kuphucula ithuba lokufumana okupheleleyo kunye nokuhlala njalo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu owaziyo enokubandezeleka kwezinye okanye zonke iinkqubo ezi ngasentla, kubalulekile ukuba babone ugqirha, umculi wezobugcisa okanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ekuhloleni. Unyango lwe-anorexia nervosa lunokuvela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumfuno ngamnye.
> Imithombo:
> I- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali.
> Vo, Megen, Erin C. Accurso, Andrea B. Goldschmidt kunye noDaniel Le Grange. 2017. "Impembelelo ye-DSM-5 kwi-Disaster Disorder Diagnoses." I- International Journal ye-Disorders 50 (5): 578-81. i-doi: 10.1002 / idle.22628.