Abantu bavame ukufuna ukuvumelana kwienkolelo zabo kunye nemibono yabo. Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni xa enye yeenkolelo zakho iphikisana nelinye inkolelo eyayikholelwa ngaphambili? Okanye kwenzekani xa uziphatha ngokuziphatha okuphambene neenkolelo zakho?
Ixesha elithi cognitive dissonance lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iimvakalelo ezibangelwa kukubamba iinkolelo ezimbini eziphikisanayo.
Xa kukho ukungahambelani phakathi kweenkolelo kunye nokuziphatha, into kufuneka ishintshe ukuze kupheliswe okanye kukunciphise ukuxhomekeka.
Ngokwale ngcamango, abantu bafumana uxinzelelo okanye baxakeke xa iinkolelo zabo okanye izimo zabo zengqondo zingahambisani neempawu zabo. Abantu bavame ukufuna ukuvumelana kwienkolelo zabo kunye nemibono yabo. Xa kukho ukungafani phakathi kweenkolelo okanye ukuziphatha, into kufuneka ishintshe ukuze kupheliswe okanye kukunciphise ukuxhatshazwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo kunye nokuchaphazela njani indlela esicinga ngayo nokuziphatha ngayo?
Inkcazo
Isazi seengqondo uLeon Festinger sicebisa ingcamango ye-dissonance engqondweni ekujoliswe kwindlela abantu abazama ngayo ukufikelela kwangaphakathi. Wacetyisa ukuba abantu banesidingo sangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkolelo zabo nezenzo zabo ziyavumelana. Iinkolelo ezingavumelaniyo okanye eziphikisanayo zikhokelela ekuphazamiseni, abantu abazama ukukuphepha.
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Aoryory of Cognitive Dissonance , uFestinger wachaza, "Ukungaboni kakuhle kwengqondo kungabonwa njengemeko echaseneyo ekhokelela ekusebenzisaneni nokunciphisa ukuxilwa kwendlala njengoko kulambile ukukhokelela ekusebenziseni ukunciphisa indlala.
Yinto ehluke kakhulu kwizinto zezengqondo ezisetyenziselwa ukujongana nazo, kodwa, njengoko siza kubona, zingenamandla. "
Izinto ezichaphazelekayo
Iqondo lokuxhomekeka kwabantu abanokuxhomekeke kwimibandela embalwa eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa indlela esixabisa ngayo inkolo ethile kunye nezinga apho iinkolelo zethu zingavumelani.
Amandla onke okukhutshwa kwe-dissonance angaphenjiswa nakwizinto ezininzi.
- Iingcamango ezinobuntu, ezifana neenkolelo malunga nazo, zivame ukuphumela ekukhusweni okukhulu.
- Ukubaluleka kweenkcukacha zidlala indima. Izinto ezibandakanya iinkolelo ezixabiseke kakhulu zibangelwa ukuxhomekeka okukhulu.
- Umlinganiselo phakathi kweengcamango eziphazamisayo kunye neengcamango ezinengqondo nazo zinokudlala indima kwindlela enamandla ngayo iimvakalelo zokuxhatshazwa.
- Eyona mandla kakhulu ekukhutsheni, ukunyanzeliswa ngakumbi kunceda ukukhulula iimvakalelo.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokuba nefuthe elinamandla kwiimpawu zethu nezenzo zethu. Masiqale ngokujonga eminye imizekelo yendlela oku kusebenza ngayo.
U mzekelo
Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo kungenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi, kodwa kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiimeko apho ukuziphatha komntu kuhambelana neenkolelo ezihambelana nobuntu bakhe. Ngokomzekelo, khawuqwalasele imeko apho umntu obeka ixabiso kwiindawo ezijongene nokusingqongileyo nje uthenge imoto entsha ayifumana kamva ayifumana igalelo elincinci yegesi.
Ingxabano:
- Kubalulekile ukuba umntu anakekele imo.
- Uqhuba umoto ongeyena ubume bendalo.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kweenkolelo nokuziphatha, unokhetho oluthile. Angayithengisa imoto aze athenge omnye ofumana i-gas mileage engcono okanye unokunciphisa ugxininiso lwakhe kumsebenzi wokusingqongileyo. Kwimeko yesibini ukhetho, ukukhulelwa kwakhe kunganciphisa ngokuthatha inxaxheba ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokuqhuba imoto ye-gas-guzzling, njengokusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonkewonke ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukukhwela ibhayisiki ukuya emsebenzini.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokuxilongwa kwengqondo kuyenzeka kwizigqibo zokuthenga esizenzayo rhoqo. Uninzi lwabantu lufuna ukubamba inkolelo yokuba benza izigqibo ezilungileyo .
Xa umkhiqizo okanye into esiyithengayo ihamba kakubi, iphikisana nenkolelo yethu esele ikhoyo malunga nezakhono zethu zokwenza izigqibo .
Mi zekelo
Kwincwadi yakhe ye-1957 I-Theory yeCognitive Dissonance , uFestinger unikeza umzekelo omnye wendlela umntu angajongana ngayo nokuxhatshazwa okuhlobene nokuziphatha kwezempilo . Abantu ababhemayo banokuqhubeka bekwenza njalo, nangona beyazi ukuba kuyingozi kwimpilo yabo. Kutheni umntu eqhubeka eziphatha ngendlela ayazi ngayo ayimpilo?
Ngokutsho kukaFestinger, umntu unokugqiba ekubeni bayawuxabisa ukutshaya ngaphezu kwempilo yakhe, ebona ukuziphatha "kukuxabisa" ngokwemingcipheko ngokubhekiselele kumvuzo.
Enye indlela yokujongana nalokhu kudibanisa kukunciphisa izinto ezingenakwenzeka. Umtshayi angaziqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zempilo ezimbi ziye zagqithiswa. Unokuphinda aphephe ukukhathazeka kwezempilo ngokuzixelela ukuba akanakukuphepha yonke ingozi apho.
Ekugqibeleni, uFestinger wacebisa ukuba umntu otshaya angase azame ukuziqinisekisa ukuba ukuba uyayeka ukutshaya kwaye uya kuba nobunzima, obunobungozi bempilo. Ngokusebenzisa ezo nkcazo, umntu otshaya uyakwazi ukunciphisa ukudibanisa nokuqhubeka nokuziphatha.
Indlela yokuNciphisa
Ngokutsho kwengcamango kaFestinger ye-dissonance engqondweni, abantu bazama ukucinga ngokuvumelanayo kwiingcamango zabo, iinkolelo kunye nezimvo zabo. Ngoko xa kukho iingxabano phakathi kweengcamango, abantu baya kuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokuzivala. Bayahamba ukwenza oku ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa ukuxilongwa kwengqondo:
- Gxininisa kwiinkolelo ezithembekileyo ezingaphezulu kweenkolelo okanye ukuziphatha okungenayo.
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abafunda ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-greenhouse emiphumo kubangelwa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunokufumana iimvakalelo zokuxhamla xa beqhuba imoto ye-gas-guzzling. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhatshazwa, banokufuna ulwazi olutsha oluphikisana nokuxhamla phakathi kweerhasi zokushisa kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Olu lwazi olutsha lunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka nokuhlaselwa ngumntu lowo. - Ukunciphisa ukubaluleka kweenkolelo ezingqubuzanayo.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu okhathalele impilo yakhe unokuphazamiseka ukuba ahlale ixesha elide emini edibaniswa nokuphila okuncinciweyo. Ekubeni ufanele asebenze yonke imini eofisini kwaye achitha ixesha elide ehleli, kunzima ukutshintsha indlela yakhe yokuziphatha ukuze kunciphise iimvakalelo zakhe zokuxhatshazwa. Ukuze ahlangabezane neemvakalelo zokungahambi kakuhle, mhlawumbi unokufumana enye indlela yokulungelelanisa ukuziphatha kwakhe ngokukholelwa ukuba ezinye iimpawu zakhe eziphilileyo zenza impilo yakhe. - Sitshintsha inkolelo ephikisanayo ukuze ihambisane nezinye iinkolelo okanye iimpawu.
Ukutshintshwa kwengcamango ephikisanayo yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokujongana nokuxhatshazwa, kodwa yinto enzima kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kwimeko yemilinganiselo kunye neenkolelo ezinzulu, iinguqu zinokuba nzima kakhulu.
ILizwi
Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo kudlala indima kwizigwebo ezininzi zexabiso, izigqibo kunye nokuvavanya. Ukuqaphela indlela iinkolelo ezingqubuzanayo ezichaphazela ngayo inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kuyindlela enhle yokuphucula ikhono lakho lokukhetha ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa phakathi kweenkolelo zakho kunye nezenzo zakho kunokukhokelela ekubeni uzive ukhululekile, kodwa ngezinye iimeko iimvakalelo ezinjalo zikhokelela ekutshintsheni nasekukhuleni. Kwamanye amaxesha, unokufumana nje indlela yokulungisa ingxabano, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, unokutshintsha nokuba kukho iinkolelo zakho okanye ukuziphatha kwakho ukwenza ukuba ezi zimbini zihambelane.
Umzekelo, ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba umzimba ubalulekile kwimpilo yakho kodwa unqabile ukuba wenze ixesha lokuzilolonga, ungase ufumane ukuxilongwa kwengqondo. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokukukhokelela ekufuneni uncedo ngokunyusa inani lokuzilolonga olufumana ngeveki nganye. Kulo mzekelo, ukutshintsha indlela oziphatha ngayo ukwandisa ukuhambelana nenkolelo yakho kwaye unciphise ukuxilongwa kwengqondo onokuhlangabezana nayo kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini nasempilo yakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-Baumeister, i-RF ne-Bushman, B. i-Psychology yeNtlalo kunye neNdalo yabantu. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadworth; 2008.
> Cooper, J. Ingxaki yokukhubaza i-cognitive: iminyaka engama-50 yenkolelo yeklasi . London: Sage Publications; 2007.