Iprogram enye Inceda njani abantwana ukuba babe ngamaqhawe emini yemihla
"Ihlabathi liyindawo eyingozi, kungekhona ngenxa yabenza izinto ezimbi, kodwa ngenxa yalabo abakhangela kwaye bengenzi nto". -Albert Einstein
Iingcali zeengqondo uFilipu Zimbardo , umsunguli weprojekthi yeHeroic Imagination Project (HIP), ukholelwa ukuba ubugorha bunokufundiswa kwaye luye lwaphuhlisa inkqubo eyenzelwe ukunceda abantwana bafunde ukuba bangamaqhawe. Uninzi lwabantu luyazi uZimbardo njengendoda esesigxina sejele saseStanford esaziwayo, isifundo esibonisa indlela abantu abachaphazeleke ngayo kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa kwezentlalo nakwiimeko.
Kulo vavanyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bathatha iindima zabagcini kunye namabanjwa kwimeko yokunyanzelwa kwejele. Ekuqaleni kucetywe ukuhlala iiveki ezimbini, isifundo sifanele sigqitywe emva kweentsuku ezintandathu nje ngokuba abalindi bebaphatha kakubi kwaye baxhaphaza kwaye amabanjwa aphazamiseka kwaye aphethwe yintlungu.
Namhlanje, iiprogram ze-HIP ze-HIP "zenzelwe ukufaka kwisizukulwana samanje - kunye nakwixesha elizayo - imbono yobuqhawe kungekhona nje into egcinelwe abo bantu abangaqhelekanga abenza okanye bafeze into engavamile, kodwa njengengqondo okanye ukuziphatha okusemandleni abo nabani na unako ukwenza isenzo esingavamile. "
Kwabaninzi, oku kungathi ngathi iyingcamango enkulu. Emva kwakho konke, ukubonakaliswa okuqhelekileyo kwamaqhawe kudla ngokuchazela aba bantu njengento enokuthi umntu oqhelekileyo akwenzi. Ngokweembono eziqhelekileyo zobuqhawe, la maqhawe aneempawu ezibavumela ukuba bavuke ngexesha elifanelekileyo baze baqiniseke ngobunzima babo, bebuhlungu okanye bachasene.
Zizodwa. Azinqabile. Ukubeka nje, "bazalwa nayo."
UZimbardo ubonisa ukuba oku kuyenzeki. Uthi: "Siphelelwe ixesha elide nangalo mbono onobuqili," ucebisa. "Sithatha amaqhawe njengabantu abadumileyo, kodwa awanjalo. Iqhawe lingumntu oqhelekileyo owenza into engaqhelekanga.
Ndiyakholwa ukuba sinokusebenzisa isayensi ukufundisa abantu indlela yokwenza oko. "
Iingxaki kwiHarism
Iprogram ye-HIP iqulethe ikharityhulam yeeveki ezine ezijoliswe kubantwana abaselula abaqalayo nabafundi bathatha isibambiso sokulwa. Ngaphezulu kweeveki ezine ezizayo, abafundi bafunda ngecala elimnyama lobume buntu kuquka ukuzama ukuthobela iMilgram (ebonisa indlela abantu abaya kuhamba ngayo ukuthobela kunye negunya lesigunyaziso), ukuxhaphaka kunye nefuthe lobandlululo , iimbopheleleko zentlalo kunye nokulindela, kunye nefuthe lokumela (apho abantu abanako ukunika uncedo kumntu osweleyo ukuba abanye bekhona).
Ukwakha uvelwano
Icandelo lesibini leprogram lijolise ekuncedeni abafundi ukuba banqobe le ngxaki ngokwakha uvelwano, kubandakanywa nokwandisa ukuqonda kwabo kwimpembelelo yesiphelo esisisiseko , okanye ukuthambekela kwethu ukungawunaki indlela imixholo kunye nezimo eziphathekayo ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha. Oku kubalulekile, uZimbardo ubonisa, kuba esinye sezizathu eziphambili esihlulekayo ukunceda abanye abantu ngenxa yokuthambekela kwethu ukukholelwa ukuba bafanelwe ukuba kwenzekani kubo. Ngokwenzela abafundi ukuba bazi kakuhle lobu buxoki, abanako ukunyanzela 'umntu osiswini' kwaye banokuthi bathathe inxaxheba.
Ukufunda amaHighti nokuSebenzisa ukuSebenza
Ukufunda ubomi kunye namabali amaqhawe aqhelekileyo ngenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo.
Uluhlu lwabomi bokwenene kunye nabalinganiswa bobuqhetseba obuvela kuMartin Luther King Jr. ukuya kuHarry Potter bakhonza njengemodeli yokuziphatha okuhle kunye nobuqhawe. Ekugqibeleni, kwaye mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, abafundi bacelwa ukuba baqale ukubeka oko bakufundile ngexesha leprogram yokusebenza kwihlabathi lenene. Njengazo naziphi na izakhono, uZimbardo ukholelwa ukuba ubuqhawe buyasebenza. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo baqala encinci ngokwenza into enye imihla ngemihla ukunceda omnye umntu ukuba azive engcono. Injongo kukuba ezi nyathelo zentsana ziya kusebenza njengelitye elijongene nobomi bokunceda ukuziphatha.
Mhlawumbi ubunzima obukhulu ekufundiseni ubuqhawe bukho kwizinto ezidumeleyo ngokuchanekileyo nto eyenza iqhawe.
Ukuba ubuza abantu abaninzi namhlanje ukuba bahlule amaqhawe, iimpendulo ziyakuthi zibandakanye amanani enkcubeko yama pop, njengabadlali bezemidlalo nabadlali. "Enye yeengxaki zenkcubeko yethu kukuba siye sabatyelela amaqhawe kunye nabadumileyo," kusho uZimbardo. "Sithandaza abantu abangazange benze nantoni na. Yisihlandlo sokubuyela ekugxininiseni kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, kuba sidinga amaqhawe okwenene kunanini ngaphambili."
ESILANDELAYO: Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neenkcukacha zeHarism
Iingxelo:
Allison, ST, & Goethals, GR (2011). AmaHlathi: Oko Benzayo Nesizathu Sokuba Sifuna . ENew York: i-Oxford University Press.
Becker, SW & Eagly, AH (2004). UbuHlomelo Bowesifazane kunye Nabantu. I-American Psychologist, 59 (3), 163-178.
Buckley, C. (2007, uJan. 3). Umntu usindiswa ngumfokazi kwiindlela zomgwaqo. I-New York Times. Kubuyiselwa kwi-http: //www.nytimes.com/2007/01/03/nyregion/03life.html?_r=1&ex=1325480400&en=bfb239e4fab06ab5&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
Farley, F. (2012, Julayi 27). Amaqhawe e-"Dark Dark". Psychology Namhlanje . Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.psychologytoday.com/collections/201208/true-heroes/the-real-heroes-dark-night
UFletcher Stoeltje, M. (2007, Feb. 22). Iingcali zenzululwazi zichaza isizathu sokuba abanye abantu babe ngamaqhawe. Chicago Tribune . Ukufunyanwa kwi http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-02-22/features/0702210348_1_wesley-autrey-altruism-two-heroes
Lehrer, J. (2010, ngoDisemba 11). Ngaba amaqhawe azalwa, okanye angenziwa? I-Wall Street Journal . Kubuyiselwa kwi http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704156304576003963233286324.html
Psychology and heroism. (nd). Project Heroic Imagination. Kubuyiselwa kwi http://heroicimagination.org/welcome/psychology-and-heroism/
Uhlolo lwezemfundo. (nd). Project Heroic Imagination. Kubuyiselwa kwi http://heroicimagination.org/education/
Zimbardo, P. (2011, Jan. 18). Yintoni eyenza iqhawe? Eyona Mkhulu Kakhulu: INzululwazi Yobomi Obunenjongo . Kufunyenwe kwi http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/what_makes_a_hero