Iimpawu ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezinto
I-"Manual Diagnostic and Statistical Disorders Disorders", ebizwa ngokuba yi-DSM-V okanye i-DSM 5, inguqulelo yakutshanje ye-American Psychiatric Association ye-gold-standard standard on the names, symptoms, and diagnostic features of every mental mind ukugula-kubandakanya izilwanyana.
Imilinganiselo ye-DSM-V yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa isekelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yophando kunye nolwazi lweklinikhi.
Olu phephancwadi lushicilelwe ngoMeyi 2013, phantse iminyaka engama-20 emva kokushicilelwa kwincwadi yokuqala yangaphambili, i-DSM-IV, ngo-1994.
Ziziphi iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezinto?
I-DSM-V iyakwazi ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kweeklasi ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo: utywala; caffeine; i-cannabis; ii hallucinogens (phencyclidine okanye i-arylcyclohexylamines efanayo, kunye nezinye i-hallucinogens, ezifana ne-LSD); inhalants; opioids; iidalatives, hypnotics, okanye i-anxiolytics; izikhuthazo (kubandakanya izinto ze-amphetamine, i-cocaine, kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuthaza); icuba; kunye nezinye izinto ezingaziwa. Ngoko ke, ngelixa ezinye iinqununu ezinkulu zezinto eziphathekayo ezibonakalayo zichongiwe ngokucacileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto okanye izinto ezingaziwa kungabangela isiseko seengxaki ezinxulumene neziyobisi okanye izidakamizwa .
Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yovulo yengqondo kukuphambili kwiingxaki ezivela kusetyenziso lweziyobisi ; Ivakalelo elivuyisayo lokuba abantu abavalelwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi banokuba banzulu kangangokuthi bayayigxina iminye imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ekuthatheni ukuthatha isiza.
Nangona iinkqubo ze-pharmacological kwiklasi nganye yeziyobisi zihluke, ukusebenziselwa kwenkqubo yokuvuza kufana nayo yonke into ekuveliseni iimvakalelo zokuzonwabisa okanye ukuzonwabisa, okubizwa ngokuba "phezulu."
I-DSM-V iyaqaphela ukuba abantu abazenzekanga ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngokusemgangathweni ekuhlaleni izifo ezinxulumene neziyobisi kunye nokuba abanye abantu banamaqondo aphantsi okuzithiba okubakhokelela ekuphuhliseni iingxaki ukuba zichazwe kwiziyobisi.
Kukho amaqela amabini enxulumene neziyobisi ezinxulumene neziyobisi: izifo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa yiziyobisi. Ukuphazamiseka kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo yimizekelo yeempawu ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto oqhubeka uzenzayo, nangona ufumana iingxaki ngenxa yoko. Iziphazamiso ezibangelwa yimithi, kubandakanywa ukuxhatshazwa, ukuhoxiswa, kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo / ezichithwe ngamachiza, zichazwe ngokubanzi kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki ezivela ekusebenziseni izinto, kunye neenkalo ezi-11 ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukuthabatha inkunkuma kwimali emikhulu okanye ixesha elide kunokuba uhloselwe.
- Ufuna ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ixabiso kodwa ungayilawuli.
- Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukufumana, ukusebenzisa, okanye ukubuyisela ekusebenziseni le nkunkuma.
- Unqwenela kwaye unxusa ukusebenzisa le nkunkuma.
- Ukungakwazi ukwenza oko ufanele ukukwenza emsebenzini, ekhaya, okanye esikolweni ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
- Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa, nangona kubangela iingxaki kwiintsebenziswano.
- Ukunikela ezibalulekileyo ezentlalo, imisebenzi, okanye imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nangona kukubeka engozini.
- Ukuqhubeka usebenzise, nangona uyazi ukuba unengxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo ebenokubangela okanye eyenziwa kakubi ngento.
- Ukuncedisa ngaphezulu kwezinto ukuze ufumane impembelelo ofuna (ukunyamezela).
- Ukuphuhliswa kweempawu zokuhoxiswa, ezinokukhutshwa ngokuthatha ezinye izinto.
Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa
I-DSM-V ivumela oogqirha ukuba bachaze indlela enzima ngayo okanye ubuninzi beengxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa , ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezininzi. Imiqondiso emibini okanye emithathu ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki ezinobungozi; Imiqondiso emine okanye emihlanu ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezifo ngokuthe ngcipheko, kwaye iimpawu ezithandathu okanye ngaphezulu zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Oogqirha bangaphinda badibanise " ekuxoxweni kwangaphambili ," "ekuxolelweni okuqhubekayo," "kwipilisi yesondlo," kwaye "kwindawo elawulwayo."
Ukuxilisa
Ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto, iqela leengxaki ezibangelwa yiziyobisi, iinkcukacha iimpawu abantu abazifumanayo xa "ziphakame" kwiziyobisi. Ukuphazamiseka kotywala kuquka:
- Ukuxiliswa kweMarijuana
- UCocaine utywala
- Ukuxiliswa kweMethamphetamine (ukuvuselela)
- I-Heroin inxila (i-opioids)
- Ubunxila (ezinye i-hallucinogen ukuxwala okanye "uhambo lwe-acid")
- Ukuxiliswa kweziyobisi
Izinto / Izidakamizwa-ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Izifo / iingxaki zengqondo ezibangelwa ngamachiza iingxaki zengqondo eziphuhliswa kubantu abangenayo ingxaki yengqondo ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise izinto, kwaye ba ndakanya:
- Ingxaki yengqondo yengqondo
- Izifo ezibangelwa yi-bipolar kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo
- Izifo zokudakumba ezibangelwa yimveliso
- Izifo ezixhalabisayo
- Izifo ezibangelwa ukunyanzelela izinto ezihambelanayo nezidityanisiweyo
- Izifo zokulala ezibangelwa ngumzimba
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo
- I-delirium eyenziwe ngeziyobisi
- Izifo ezibangelwa yi-neurocognitive disorders
ILizwi
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokusebenzisa ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ingxaki eyenziwe ngumntu, khangela ugqirha wakho. Ingadinga ukukuthumela kwi-klinikhi okanye kwikliniki yokuxilonga ukuze unqume ukuba unesifo sengqondo esasikhona ngaphambili kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufumana ikhondo elifanelekileyo lonyango.
Ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingenakunokuthi kungonakalise impilo yakho, ubudlelwane bakho kunye nobomi bakho ngokubanzi. Bangakwazi nokuba babulawe, ngoko ncedeni uncedo ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo njengoko kunokwenzeka.
> Imithombo
- > I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities-DSM 5. I- New York: Umbutho wama-Psychiatric yaseMelika, ngo-2013.