I-Anabolic Steroid Abuse Abuse Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokubanzi

by Buddy T; Uhlolwe nguRichard N. Fogoros, MD

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-anabolic steroids akuyona into entsha. Xa yaziwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwezemidlalo ngexesha lama-1950 apho i-steroids inokubanceda ukuba bakhe isisipha okanye mhlawumbi bathuthukise ukusebenza kwabo kwezemidlalo, baye basebenzisa loo njongo.

1 - Steroid Abuse FAQ

I-Anabolic Steroids Sebenzisa kwi-Training Weight. © Getty Images

Ekuqaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-steroids kwakukhawulelwe "kubakhi bomzimba" kunye nabadlali bezemidlalo, kodwa ukuqhuba ngoku sele kuqhutyelwe kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zoluntu, kubandakanywa abadlali abaselula abafuna ngelinye ilanga babe ngabaqeqeshi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi zaseMerika ziye zavuma ukusebenzisa i-steroids kwaye ezininzi zazo zabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo.

Ingxaki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-steroid emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunokudala imiphumo emibi yempilo. Umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nesifo senhliziyo okanye isifo soxinzelelo siye sadibaniswa nokusetyenziswa kokubanjelwa kwe-steroids yomlomo. Uphando lufumene ukuba umngcipheko wokulimala kwesibindi ungenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwesininzi steroids yomlomo esetyenziselwa ukwakha umzimba.

2 - Yintoni i-Anabolic Steroids?

Ezinye iziNcediso ziNobungozi. © Getty Images

Igama elithi "anabolic steroids" lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwiqela lezinto zokwenza izinto zilinganisa iimpembelelo ze-hormone zesini, umzekelo we testosterone. Amachiza akhuthaza kubo bobabini nababhinqa ukukhula kwemisipha yamathambo (iimpembelelo ze-anabolic) kunye nophuhliso lwempawu zesini zesini (iziphumo ze-androgenic).

Ngoko ke, ixesha elifanelekileyo kwezi zinto kufuneka libe "i-anabolic-androgenic steroids," kulo lonke isayithi, zibizwa ngokuba yigama elithi " anabolic steroids ".

Ezi zinto zenziwe ngabantu; akukho nto "yendalo" ngabo. Ziyakufunyanwa ukuba zifumaneke ngomrhumo kuphela.

Isetshenziselwa iinjongo zonyango

I-Anabolic steroids yayisungulwe ekuqaleni kwee-1930 ukunyanga i-hypogonadism, imeko yonyango apho ii-testes zingenzi i-testosterone eyaneleyo. Njengamanje, kunikwe umyalelo wokunyanga ukulahleka kwe-hormone ye-steroid, efana nokulibaziseka kubuntwaba kunye nezinye iintlobo zokungabi namandla

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-steroids imiselwe ukuba ilandele ukutshabalalisa ubunzima bomzimba ngenxa yezifo ezinjengezinye iintsholongwane kunye nosuleleko lwe-HIV.

Xhatshazwa ngabadlali

Xa uphando lwangaphambili kwizilwanyana kuma-1930 lufumene ukuba i-anabolic steroids ingakhokelela ukukhula kwemisipha yamathambo, iziyobisi zaqala ukuphathwa kakubi ngenxa yeso sizathu ngabasebenzi bezakhiwo kunye ne-weightlifters. Kamva baqala ukuphathwa kakubi ngabadlali kwizemidlalo ngenxa yamandla abo okuphucula ukusebenza.

Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo kunokuchaphazela umphumo wokuncintisana kwezemidlalo, i-anabolic steroids iye yavinjelwa ekusebenziseni yonke imibutho yezemidlalo yama-amateur kunye nezemidlalo.

Kwamanye amazwe, akukho myalelo ofunekayo kwi-anabolic steroids. Ngako ke, ininzi ye-steroids engekho mthethweni ithengiswa kwi-gyms, imincintiswano kunye nemisebenzi ye-mail-order order i-United States. Ezinye i-steroids ziveliswa kwii-laboratories ezingekho mthethweni okanye zikhethwe kwiifommesi.

Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, ezi zixhaphazwa kakhulu nge-steroids:

I-Steroids eSebenzisa kakubi

Oral Steroids

Anadrol (oxymetholone)
Oxandrin (oxandrolone)
Dianabol (methandrostenolone)
Winstrol (stanozolol)

Injectable Steroids

I-Deca-Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate)
Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate)
I-Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate)
I-Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate)
I-Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG)

Ziziphi iiSteroidal Supplements?

I-supplementary Steroidal, ezikhuthazwa njengeemveliso ze-hormone okanye ezinye iindlela ze-anabolic steroids, zizinto ezibiza ukuba ziguqulwe zibe yi-testosterone okanye izixhobo ezifanayo emzimbeni. Uninzi lwezi mveliso zithengiswa kwaye zibhalwe njengezongezo zokutya ezingakwandisa ubukhulu bomzimba kunye namandla.

Kuze kube ngu-2004, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-steroid zongezwa ngokusemthethweni kwiivenkile zokutya kunye nezinye iindawo zokuthengisa. Kodwa, ngo-2004, iCongress yadlulisela izilungiso kuMthetho oLawulayo oPhezulu owenza ukuthengiswa kwezibonelelo ezifana ne-tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) kunye ne-androstenedione (igama lesitrato ne-Andro) elingekho mthethweni.

Ngaphandle kwemithetho emitsha kwakuyi-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

NgoJulayi 28, 2009, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yase-United States yakhupha abathengi bezilumkiso zezempilo zempilo ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imveliso yokwakha umzimba emele ukuba iqulethe i-steroids okanye izinto ezifana ne-steroid. Isilumkiso sathi, "Ezi mveliso zithengiswa njengezongezelelo zondlo, aziyizibonelelo zokutya, kodwa kunoko zingekho iziyobisi ezingavumelekanga.

Ngenxa yokuba le mveliso yongezwa nge-steroid inganyusa amanqanaba e-testosterone emzimbeni njenge-anabolic steroids ngokwayo, kukholelwa ukuba kukho iziphumo ezifanayo. Uphando oluncinci luyenziwe kwimiphumo emibi yalezi zongezelelo, kodwa i-FDA ilumkisa ukuba ingaba yingozi.

3 - Ziyasetyenziswa njani i-Anabolic Steroids?

Ezinye i-Steroids Zifakwe kwi-Muscle. © Getty Images

Ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo, i-anabolic steroids ingathathwa ngomlomo, injected intramuscularly okanye isetyenziswe ngesikhumba njengegels okanye i-creams. Xa zisetyenziselwa unyango, i-anabolic steroids ingathathwa yintsimbi yesigxathu okanye i-subcutaneous injection, ngomlomo, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba phantsi kwesikhumba okanye kwisicelo esikhumbeni nge-patches okanye gels.

Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu bezilingo ezisetyenziswe ngabahlukumezi be-steroid bunokuba lukhulu kunabo basebenziselwa iinjongo zonyango ezifanelekileyo. Xa i-steroids ixhatshazwa ngenxa yeenjongo ezingekho mthethweni zihlala zijojowe okanye zithathwe ngomlomo.

Xa usebenzisa kakubi i-steroids ekwakheni umzimba okanye ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, abasebenzisi bangathatha ama-dosage ngamaxesha aphindwe ngama-100 ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo anonyango.

Ngokomphandi, abagijimi bokunyamezela basebenzisa ama-dosages apha ngaphantsi kwezinga lokutshintsha ama-5 ukuya kwi-10 mg / ngosuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo ama-Sprinters athabatha amazinga atshintsho amaxesha ama-1.5 ukuya kuma-2. Abakhi bomzimba kunye nabakhi bomzimba baza kuthatha ama-10 ukuya kuma-100 amaxesha aqhelekileyo amanani.

Abadlali beentombi basebenzisa ama-dosage amancinane kunamadoda, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimidlalo abaqeqeshwayo.

I-Cycling, Stacking, nePramramiding

Abantu abaxhaphaza i-anabolic steroids ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, okanye iipatheni, zokusetyenziswa kusekelwe kwiinjongo zabo. Abadlali beemidlalo bangasebenzisa i-steroids ixesha elide lokufeza injongo ethile, kodwa abakhi bomzimba bangasebenzisa i-steroids ixesha elide. Ziquka:

Ngebhayisikili

Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuthatha amanani amaninzi kwixesha elithile, ukuyeka ixesha kwaye uqale kwakhona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzisi baya kuthatha i-steroids iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwiiveki ezili-16 ngexesha, kulandelwa iiveki ezimbalwa zokuthatha amanani aphantsi okanye akukho steroids nonke.

Abadlali abazaziyo ukuba baya kuvavanywa - umzekelo, ngexesha lesiganeko okanye ukhuphiswano-baya kuchitha ixesha lokujikeleza kwabo ba nethemba lokudlula ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi. I-cycling isetyenziswe ukuzama ukunciphisa imiphumo engathandekiyo yecandelo le-steroids.

Ngokutsho kukaDkt. James Tolliver i-pharmacologist kunye ne-DEA, izizathu zokuba abasebenzisi babike ukuba basebenzisa ibhayisikili ziquka:

Ukunciphisa ukunyamezela ukuphuhliswa
Ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi
Ukuthintela ukufunyanwa kwe-steroid
Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha lokuncintisana

Ukufakwa

Xa abahlukumezi badibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-steroids - njengalezo ezithathwe ngomlomo kunye nezo zijojowe-kuthiwa yi-stacking. Iingcamango emva komsebenzi kukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisana ukuvelisa umphumo omkhulu.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi bazama ukugxila ekuthembekeni kokunyusa ukuphumelela kokuhlanganiswa kwe-steroids, kodwa akukho bungqina bobunzululwazi obuya kubuyisa loo mbono.

Ngokwe-DEA kaDkt. Tolliver:

Ukufakwa kwesitampu akuzange kwenziwe kwindlela yokwelapha
Injectables inokufakwa kunye nokulungiselela ngomlomo
I-steroid e-short-acting steroids ingafakwa kunye ne-steroids ende

Pyramiding

Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi baqala ngamanani amancinci banyuse umlinganiselo okanye i-frequency baze bafikelele kwinqanaba lomjikelezo. Emva koko zinciphisa i-dosage okanye i-frequency ukuya kwi-zero. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umjikelezo wepiramidi uya kuhlala iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-12. Oku kuvame ukulandelwa ngumjikelo xa umsebenzisi eqhubeka eqeqesha okanye eqhuba ngaphandle kokuthatha i-steroids.

Abasebenzisi bePeramidi bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela inika ithuba lomzimba ukulungelelanisa ukuya kumaqondo aphezulu kunye nexesha elingenazo iziyobisi livumela ixesha le-hormonal yomzimba ukuba lihluthe kwakhona. Kodwa kwakhona, le mfundiso ayixhaswa uphando lwezesayensi.

4 - Ziziphi iimpembelelo zezempilo ze-Steroid Abuse?

I-Steroid Side-Effects Ininzi. © Getty Images

Iziphumo ezimbi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-anabolic steroid zinokuvela kwizinto ezibuhlungu ngokukrakra kulabo abanokuba besongela ubomi. Abahlukumezi be-Steroid babika imiphumo yempilo esukela ekuphuhliseni iingxaki ze-acne ukuba zihlaselwe yintliziyo kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.

Uninzi lwemiphumo yokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids ibuyiswa xa umntu eyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kodwa ezinye zinokusisigxina.

Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, ininzi yolwazi i-arhente eqokelele ngemiphumo yexesha elide le-anabolic steroids ifunyenwe kwimiba yeengxelo kwaye ingekho kwizifundo eziphambili ze-epidemiology. Ininzi yophando oluqhutywe kwimiphumo yexesha elide le-steroid lwenziwa ngoku zifundo zezilwanyana.

Ezinye iziphumo zibonisa iminyaka kamva

Ukusabalalisa kweempembelelo zobomi bokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kubonakala kuncinci kwiinkalo zamatyala, kodwa i-NIDA ibika ukuba imiphumo emibi kakhulu ingabonakaliswa kwaye ingacatshangelwa kuba ngamanye amaxesha ayibonakali kude kube yiminyaka emva kokusetyenziswa kakubi.

Ucwaningo olulodwa kunye namagundane afumanisa ukuba ukuveza iigundane zesilisa kwiidiski ze-steroid ezilingana nezo ezisetyenziselwa abadlali bezemidlalo kwi-one-fifth yexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphila kwemouse kungabangela ukuvama kwexesha lokufa kwangaphambili.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid nge-Anabolic kunokuchaphazela ezininzi iinkqubo zomzimba ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zilandelayo zizinye zeziphumo:

IHormonal System

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kubangela ukuveliswa komzimba kwama-hormone kunokubangela utshintsho oluthile oluguquguqukayo kunye nolunye utshintsho olungenakuguquka. Ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwesilisa kunye nokwehla kwamathambo kuguquka ezimbini ezinokuguqulwa xa i-steroids ingasetyenziswanga.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwamadoda kunye nokuphuculwa kwebele (gynecomastia) kumadoda yimiba emibi yecaladi yokusetyenziswa kakubi kunokuba ingenakuguqulwa. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ngaphezu kwama-50% wabantu abaqulunqa umzimba bafumana i-atrophy ye-testicular kunye / okanye i-gynecomastia.

Abasetyhini abasebenzisa kakubi i-anabolic steroids banokujamelana nomzimba . Amazwi abo angakwazi ukujula, ubukhulu bebele kunye namafutha omzimba anganciphisa, i-clitoris inokukhulisa kwaye isikhumba sinokuthi siphume. Abasetyhini banokulahlekelwa yizinwele ze-scalp, kodwa bafumana ukukhula okungaphezulu kweenwele zomzimba.

Ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha le-steroid, ezinye zezi ntshintsho kubasetyhini zinokuthi zingenakunyuswa, ngokukodwa izwi elijonge.

Ixesha elifutshane lePhysical and Effects of Steroid Abuse

Ngokomsebenzi wophando olutsha olukhoyo malunga ne-anabolic steroids, iziphumo zomzimba nezengqondo zesifo se-steroid kumadoda nakwabesifazane zingabandakanya:

Iimiphumo eziMfutshane eziMfutshane kwiMadoda

Acne
Ukwandiswa kwebele (gynecomastia)
Ukwandiswa kweprostate
Ukuhlamba (ngokuqhelekileyo impumlo)
Umonakalo wesikhumba somzimba kwisayithi yejoyi
Shrinkage yamathambo
Ukwenyuka kwemveliso yesilisa kunye nomoya
Ukunciphisa umthamo wesondlo
Ukunyuka rhoqo okanye okuqhubekayo
Ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi
Ukwandiswa kwamazinga e-cholesterol ye-LDL
Ukunciphisa ama-cholesterol ama-HDL
Ukugcinwa kwe-Fluid ekukhohliseni
Umsebenzi wesibindi ongaqhelekanga

Iimiphumo eziMfutshane eziPhezulu eziPhambi kweeNtsana zePrepubertal

Ukunciphisa ukuphakama okupheleleyo kufumaneke
Ukugcinwa kwe-Fluid ekukhohliseni
Uphuhliso lolwabelana ngesondo
Ukwandiswa kwePenis
Ebuhlungu, i-penile erections ende
Ukwandiswa kwamanqanaba e-penile erections

Iimiphumo ezimfutshane eziKhatywayo kwiiNtombi

Acne
Isikhumba seoli
Umbala wesimo somntu
Ukunciphisa ubukhulu besifuba
Ukuqiniswa kwelizwi
Ukwanda kweenwele zomzimba kunye nobuso
Ukwandiswa kwe-clitoris
Izitenxo zokusesikweni (ezilahlekileyo okanye azikho ixesha)
Umonakalo weTishu kwi-site injection
Ukugcinwa kwe-Fluid ekukhohliseni

Iziphumo zexesha elide ze-Anabolic Steroid Abuse

Kukho inani elincinci lophando lwezenzululwazi malunga nexesha elide lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-anabolic steroid kumadoda okanye kwabesetyhini. Imiphumo "enokwenzeka" yexesha elide ibhalwe apha ngezantsi ivela kakhulu kwiimeko zecala.

Iziphumo ezinokuthi zide ixesha elide le-Anabolic Steroid Abuse kuBantu kunye nabasetyhini

Imiphumo emibi yengqondo
Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi
Izibilini zesibindi
Umhlaza wesifo
I-Cancer ye-prostate (amadoda kuphela)

Eminye ingozi ejongene ne-Anabolic Steroid Abusers in Men and Women

Izifo zesikhumba
Usulelo lwe-HIV (ukwabelana kweedal
Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis
Xhaphaza

System Musculoskeletal

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kubantwana besilisa kunokubangela ukukhula okunamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kwamazinga e-testosterone kunye nezinye i-hormone zesini kubangele ukukhula okuqhubekayo okwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ikwabonelela ngeempawu zokuxelela amathambo ukuba ayeke ukukhula. Xa ukusetyenziswa gadalala kwe-steroid kwandisa ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-hormone yesini, kungasesikhatyathwa ukubonisa ukuba amathambo ayeke ukukhula.

Imiphumo emibi ye-steroids kwi-musculoskelet system ingaquka:

Isiqu esifutshane (ukuba sithathwa ngabaselula)
Tendon rupture

System Cardiovascular System

Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kungatshintsha amazinga eepoprostin ezithwala i-cholesterol egazini, abaxhaphazi banokuphuhlisa izifo zentliziyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-steroid, i-oral steroids yomlomo, kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa izinga le-lipoprostin ephezulu ("i-cholesterol efanelekileyo") kunye nokwandisa izinga le-lipoprostin ephantsi ("i-cholesterol embi"), okubangele ukwanda komngcipheko we-atherosclerosis, inokubangela ukuhlasela kweentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-Steroid nako kunokwandisa umngcipheko weengcezu zegazi ezenziwa kwimithambo yegazi.

Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kwi-cardiovascular system ziquka:

Ukwanda kweLDL
Ukunciphisa kwi-HDL
Igazi elonyukayo
Ukuhlasela kwentliziyo
Ukwandiswa kwe-ventricle yenhliziyo
I-spasms yeerterotic coronary
Ukwanda kwegazi

Ibindi

Uphando lufumene ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-anabolic steroid kungabangela ukuba izicubu zibe nesibindi. I-Steroids inokubangela ukuba imeko engabonakaliyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-staticosis hepatis, apho i-cysts ezaliswe ngegazi ifakwe kwisibindi. Ukuphuma kwamanzi kungenzeka xa kukho i-tumors okanye i-cysts.

Imiphumo emibi yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid kwisibindi iquka:

Cancer
Peliosis hepatis
Izidumbu

Isikhumba

Imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid esikhumbeni ingaquka:

I-acne etysts
I-scalp ye-oily kunye nesikhumba
Jaundice
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi

Izifo

Ngenxa yokuba abanye abasebenzisa kakubi i-steroids bayayifaka iyeza kwaye basebenzise izixhobo zokungenwa kwe-nonsterile okanye babelane ngeenaliti ezingcolileyo kunye nabanye abahlukumezayo, basengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis B kunye no-C njengawo onke abasebenzisi beziyobisi.

Ukongezelela, abasebenzisi be-injection steroid bangahlakulela i-endocarditis, isifo esinokubangela ukuvuvukala kwintsimbi yangaphakathi yentliziyo, imeko enokubulala.

5 - Ziziphi Iimpembelelo Zenza I-Anabolic Steroids Ngaba Unokuziphatha?

Ukuphathwa kakubi kwe-Steroid kunokunyusa ukunyuswa. © Getty Images

Izibonakaliso kukuba amayeza aphezulu okanye i-anabolic steroids yandisa ukhathazeka kunye nogonyamelo olungabangela ukutshintsha kwe-hormone yesibili. Njengemiphumo yempilo ye-steroids, ininzi yolwazi malunga nemiphumo yokuziphatha yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid ivela kwiimeko zeengxelo kunye nezifundo ezincinci.

Kulezi zifundo, abahlukumezi be-anabolic steroid babika ukuba xa bethatha i-steroids banakho ukuziphatha ngendlela enobudlova njengokulwa, ukuphanga, ukuxhaphaza, ukweba, nokuchithwa kwezinto kunokuba bekhona xa bengenazo iziyobisi, ngokutsho Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi.

I-NIDA ibika iinjongo ezine apho amavolontiya anikwa amayeza aphezulu e-anabolic steroids. Kwintathu yezifundo, amavolontiya avakalisa iimvakalelo ezininzi kunye nobuthathaka, nangona iziphumo zahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

Iziphumo zophando ziyaqatha

Kwisifundo sesine, akukho nxu lumano olusisicatshulwa kunye nolwaphulo lwabiwayo. Abaphandi bacacise ukuba kungenzeka ngenxa yezinye i-steroids, kodwa kungekhona zonke, ukwandisa ulwalamano.

Esinye isifundo sezilwanyana siye sabonisa ukwanda kobudlova emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-steroid kwaye kwiinkqubo ezimbalwa ezilawulwayo zobudlova okanye ukuziphatha kakubi kwabikwa emva kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid, kodwa kuphela ngabancinci bamavolontiya kwizifundo.

Intukuthelo, inzondo, ukunyanzela okanye ukuziphatha kakubi

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi abasebenzisa kakubi i-steroid, umsindo, ukugwenxa, ubundlobongela, ugonyamelo kunye / okanye ukuziphatha kakubi:

Ivela kwabanye kodwa abasebenzisi bonke abasebenzisi be-anabolic steroid
Ubungenakulinganiswa ngubani oza kuphendula
Ukwandisa amathuba kunye namanani aphezulu
Ukunciphisa amancinci kukukhupha iimpendulo ezigqithisileyo
Ibeka ingozi kumlingane, entsapho, kunye nabahlobo
Ibeka ingozi ekunyanzelweni komthetho

Impembelelo yengqondo ye-Steroid Abuse

Kukho iingxelo zengqondo zengqondo kunye namanxeba kumadoda kunye nabasetyhini abasebenzisa kakubi i-anabolic steroids, kodwa ezi zizinto ezinqabileyo kwaye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeka kubasebenzisi abanokugula kwangaphambili.

Ayaziwa ngokwesayensi kwinqanaba le-anabolic steroid ekusebenziseni kubudlobongela kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha. Ubuninzi beemeko ezinobundlobongela phakathi kwabahlukumezi be-steroid kubonakala buphantsi, kodwa njengemiphumo yempilo, ubundlobongela obudlulileyo bungenakuchazwa okanye buqondwe.

Eminye imiphumo yengqondo yetsholongwane ye-steroid echazwe yile:

Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
Ukuziphatha komntu
Iintlukwano kunye nokukhohlisa

Ukhuthaza Okunye Ukusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi?

Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ukusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids kunokubangela ukuba abasebenzisi baphenduke kwezinye iziyobisi ukwenzela ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi. Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba i-9.3% yamadoda ayaphathwe i-heroin okanye enye i-opioid kakubi yayisetyenziswa kakubi nge-steroid ngaphambi kokuba enze naziphi na iziyobisi.

Kulo-9.3% kunyango, ama-86% athi aqalise ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid ukulwa nokungafihleki nokugqithiswa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwe-steroid.

6 - Ngaba iAnabolic Steroid Addictive?

Abanye abaSebenzi bahlakulela ukuziphatha koLungiso. © Getty Images

Abanye abantu abasebenzisa kakubi i-anabolic steroids bangahlakulela iipatheni zokuziphatha ezibonakalisa iimpawu zabantu abanomlutha. Ezi ziphatha ziquka ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa nangona ziphumo ezimbi, ukuchitha ixesha elide kunye nomgudu wokufumana iziyobisi kunye nokufumana iimpawu zokuyeka ukuyeka ukuyeka ukusebenzisa.

Abanye abasebenzisi be-anabolic steroid bayaqhubeka besebenzisa iziyobisi nangona bafumana iingxaki zomzimba kunye neengxaki kwiintlalontle zabo. Ipesenti yalabo abaqhubekayo basebenzisiweyo nxamnye nemiphumo emibi ayengaziwa.

Iimpawu zoLungiso lweNgcaciso

Abaninzi abahlukumeza i-steroid bachitha ixesha elikhulu nemali ukufumana iziyobisi abazisebenzisayo. Xa beyeka ukuthatha i-steroids, abasebenzisi banokufumana iimpawu zokuyeka ukungazibandakanyi ukuguquka kwemizwelo, ukungazinzi, ukuphelelwa kwesidlo, kunye nokulangazelela i-steroids.

Ezinye iimpawu zokurhoxiswa zichazwe xa uphando lwabantu abaphuma kwi-anabolic steroids basebenzisa:

Ukunganakwa
Imiva yokuxhalaba
Unzima ukugxila
Ukungabikho
Anorexia
Ukusetyenziswa kwezesondo eziphantsi
Ukukhathala (ukhathala kakhulu)
Intloko
Intlungu kunye kunye

Esinye sezibonakaliso ezinkulu zokuhoxiswa kunye nokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-steroid kukudakumba ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekuzameni ukuzibulala, i-NIDA ibika.

Uphando luyabonisa ukuba xa kungakhange kuthathwe unyango, ukuxinezeleka okuxhomekeke kwi-anabolic steroid ukuhoxiswa kungaqhubeka unyaka okanye emva kwexesha ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana.

Ziziphi iipilisi ezisebenzayo kwiSteroid Abuse Abuse?

Izinyathelo zokonyango eziphakanyiswe yiNational Institute of Drug Abuse kwi-anabolic steroid ukusetyenziswa kakubi zixhomekeke ngakumbi kwiimeko zonyango kunye namava ogqirha kunokuba ziqhutywe izifundo. Kukho uphando oluncinci kunyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid.

Ngo-Agasti 2006, ingxelo yoPhando lwe-NIDA kwi-anabolic steroids yabika ukuba uphando oluthile lwaluqhutywe kunyango lwe-steroid. Ngo-Apreli 2014, loo ngxelo ayizange ihlaziywe ukunika uphando olungakumbi.

Amagqirha ambalwa asebenze kunye nezigulane ezithatha i-anabolic steroid ukuhoxiswa ziye zafumanisa ukuba unyango oluxhasayo luncedo kuphela olufunekayo kwiimeko ezininzi. La magqirha abika ukuba bafundisa izigulane zabo malunga noko kukulindela ngexesha lokukhishwa kwe-steroid kwaye bavavanye ngeengcinga zokuzibulala.

Ukuba iimpawu zokurhoxiswa apha ngasentla ziba nzima okanye zide, izigulane zinikwe imishanguzo yokuphatha iimpawu ezithile zokurhoxisa. Ngokomzekelo, i-anti-depressants for depress or analgesics for headaches and pain.

Ezinye izigulana zokurhoxiswa kwe-steroid zithola amayeza ukunceda ukubuyisela iinkqubo zabo ze-hormonal. Abanye baphathwa ngeendlela zokuziphatha zokurhoxisa iimpawu eziya ngaphaya kwezilwanyana zonyango.

Ukukhusela iSteroid Abuse Abuse

Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-anabolic steroid kukhulu kwaye kuba kukho abasebenzisi abathile ukuhlakulela ukuziphatha okunomtsalane okuhambisana nokusetyenziswa kwe-steroid, imizamo kufuneka igxininiswe ekuthintela ukusebenzisa kwindawo yokuqala, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabadlali abadlali abaselula .

Kule ndlela iiprogram zokuthintela i-anabolic steroid ezixhaphake kakhulu e-US zijoliswe kwiimidlalo zengcali ze-Olimpiki neekholeji. Izithili ezincinane zezithili zendawo zenze iinkqubo zokuthintela i-steroid.

Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, uqikelelo lwe-9% wezikolo eziziisekondari zinenkqubo zokuvavanya iziyobisi ngezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-4% yezikolo eziphakamileyo eUnited States zivavanya abagijimi babo nge-anabolic steroids.

Nangona ukuvavanywa kwakusasazeka, uphando alukacaci ukuba ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. I-NIDA okwangoku ixhasa inkxaso yophando.

Ucwaningo lwezenzululwazi lubonise ukuba ukufundisa ulutsha malunga nemiphumo emibi ye-steroids yedwa ayisebenzisekanga ekuthintela ukusebenzisa i-steroid kunye neenkqubo ezibonisa ingozi kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids. Abafundi bafumana indlela efanelekileyo yokuthembeka, i-NIDA ithi.

Iindlela zokuthintelwa kweNkqubo zisebenza njani?

Uninzi lwemizamo ekhoyo yokukhusela ulwahlulo lwe-anabolic steroid lugxile kwiimidlalo zengcali, ze-Olimpiki kunye neekholeji. Le mizamo ininzi ithatha uhlobo lokuvavanya iziyobisi, kunokuba iiprogram zemfundo.

Kwizinga eliphezulu lesikole, kuninzi iinzame zokuthintela ezikhoyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-9% yezikolo zasesekondari zineenkqubo zokuvavanya iziyobisi zabafundi kunye nabangaphantsi kwe-4% yezikolo vavanyo lweziyobisi zabo abadlali be-anabolic steroids.

Iiprogram zokuPhusela eziPheleleyo ezikhoyo

Nangona ezininzi zezikolo zasesekondari zingenalo iiprogram zokuthintela i-anabolic steroids ezisemthethweni, zikhona iinkqubo ezikhoyo eziye zaboniswa ukuba zisebenzise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, kunye nezinye izinto zokuziphatha ezinobungozi.

Eminye yale nkqubo, ephuhliswe yiYunivesithi ye-Oregon yezeMpilo neNzululwazi kwaye ixhaswa yiNational Institute of Drug Abuse, ngaba i-Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS) yabadlali bebhola ephakamileyo yebhola kunye ne-Athletes Targeting Exercise Healthy and Alternative Alternatives (ATHENA ) kumantombazana esikolweni kumaqela ezemidlalo.

I-NIDA ibika ukuba ezi ndlela ezimbini ezinzulu zibonise isithembiso ekukhuseleni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid phakathi kwabadlali bezemidlalo eziphakamileyo.

I-ATLAS Programme

Inkqubo ye-ATLAS yenzelwe ukubonisa abadlali bebhola ephakamileyo bebhola ukuba bangakha imizimba enamandla kwaye baphucule ukusebenza kwabo kwezemidlalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-anabolic steroids eyingozi.

Inkqubo ayiniki nje ngemfundo malunga nemiphumo emibi yecandelo le-anabolic steroids kodwa iphinde inike ukutya okunomsoco kunye nokuqeqesha ubunzima bokusebenzisa i-steroids.

Ngokutsho kophando lwe-NIDA, le nkqubo iye yaphumelela ekunciphiseni iinjongo zabafundi ukuba basebenzise i-steroids ngelixa bekhulisa iimpawu zabo zokuziphatha.

Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo kwinkqubo ye-ATLAS kukuba abaqeqeshi bebhola kunye neenkokheli zeqela yibo abafundisa abadlali malunga nemiphumo emibi ye-steroids nezinye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwimisebenzi yezemidlalo. Baxubusha nendlela yokunqaba ukuba banikwe iziyobisi.

Kuphando olulawulwayo lweprogram ye-ATLAS, abaphandi baqhathanisa abadlali bezemidlalo eziphakamileyo ezi-15 ezazisenkqubo kunye neqela lokulawula abangazange bafumane uqeqesho.

Iziphumo zeNkqubo ye-ATLAS

Emva konyaka omnye kwiprogram, abafundi abaqeqeshelwe i-ATLAS babe:

Isiqingatha seziganeko zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-anabolic steroids
Injongo engaphantsi kokusebenzisa kakubi i-steroids kwikamva
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala , i- marijuana , i- amphetamines kunye ne-narcotics
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kakubi kwezixhobo zokuphucula izixhobo
Ubuncitshiswa bokuthatha inxaxheba kwimichimo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinobungozi
Ukukhuselwa okwandisiweyo kwi-steroid kunye nezinye iziyobisi

Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abadlali abaqeqeshelwa yi-ATLAS abanomdla omncinci wokuzama ukuzisebenzisa kakubi, ukungafuni ukuwasebenzisa kakubi, ulwazi olungcono lwezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-steroid, umfanekiso ophuculweyo womzimba, kunye nolwazi olwandisiweyo lwezongezelelo zokutya.

Uhlelo lwe-ATHENA

I-Athletes Targeting Exercise Healthy and Alternative Programme (ATHENA) nkqubo yafuyelwa emva kwaye ifana neprogram ye-ATLAS, kodwa yenzelwe iintombazana ezithatha inxaxheba kwiiprogram zezemidlalo eziphakamileyo.

Ukufunda kwangaphambili kwenkqubo ye-ATHENA kufumene ukuba ngaphambi kokuba uthathe inxaxheba ekuqeqesheni, iqela lokulawula kunye neqela le-ATHENA libonise iimpawu ezifanayo zengozi. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuqeqeshweni kwe-ATHENA kwanciphisa kakhulu ezo ziphatho, abaphandi bafumene.

Abadlali beentombi abangazange bafumane ukuqeqeshwa kwe-ATHENA babenokuba ngamathuba amathathu okuqala ukusebenzisa iipilisi zokutya ngexesha lezemidlalo. Babenokuba ngamathuba amabini okusebenzisa kakubi ezinye izinto ezinjengomzimba ezifana ne-amphetamines, i-anabolic steroids, kunye nezongezelelo zokwakha izistim ngexesha lexesha.

Ngethuba lexesha lemidlalo, amantombazana eklasini yokulawula ayenyuse ukusebenzisa kwabo iipilisi zokutya, ngelixa abo bafumana uqeqesho lwe-ATHENA, banqumla ukusebenzisa kwabo ipilisi yokutya kwisahlulo se-preseason ukusetshenziswa kwabo.

Ukunciphisa Iingxaki Zomngcipheko

Amantombazana aqeqeshelwe i-ATHENA anciphisa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi. Babenjalo:

Akunakwenzeka ukuba asebenze ngesondo
Kunokwenzeka ukuba banxibe iibhandekhwe
Akunamathuba okukhwela emotweni ngomqhubi wokusela
Ukulimala okumbalwa ngexesha lezemidlalo

Iiprogram ze-ATLAS ne-ATHENA zabadlali bezemidlalo eziphakamileyo ziye zavunyelwa yi-United States Congress kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokuPhathwa kweeNkonzo zezeMpilo njengengomzekelo wenkqubo yezikolo zasesekondari kulo lonke ilizwe.

Iiprogram ze-antibolic steroid zokuthintela ezimbini zanikwa i-Sports Illustrated magazini ye-First-ever "I-Award".

^Imithombo:

^{Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi.} ^{"I-Anabolic Steroid Abuse Abuse."} ^{Uchungechunge lweeNgxelo zoPhando olulungiswe ngoJulayi 2012}

^{Ubambiswano kwiDrugFree.org.} ^"Steroids." ^{Isikhokelo seziyobisi .}

^{UK National Health Service.} ^{"I-Anabolic steroid kabi."} ^{Iinqununu: Impilo yakho, ukhetho lwakho ngo- Agasti 2013}

^{US Food and Drug Administration.} ^{"Isexwayiso kwiMveliso yoLwakhiwo lweZakhiwo ezithengiswa njenge-Steroids okanye i-Steroid-Like Substances."} ^{Uhlaziyo lwabaThengi ngoJulayi 2009}

^{ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza.} ^{"Anabolic Steroids."} ^{MedlinePlus .}