Abantu abazizithulu bajongene neengxaki ezinkulu Ukufikelela kwiiNkonzo zezeMpilo zengqondo
Abantu abazizithulu bayabambana imihla ngemihla ngokunyaniseka, ukubandlululwa kunye nokunxibelelana, kodwa akusiyo yonke into: uphando lwezonyango lufumene ukuba abantu abayizithulu baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo malunga nokuphindwe kabini izinga labemi, kwaye banengxaki yangempela yokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo ezifunekayo .
Imiba yengqondo yengqondo exhaphakileyo kwizithulu zoluntu zibandakanya ukudandatheka, uxinzelelo kunye nezifo ezinzima ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kunye ne- schizophrenia .
Izifo zengqondo zixakile kwizithulu zoluntu ngenxa yobunzima bokunxibelelana nababoneleli-nkathalo - abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukufundwa kwemilomo akukwanele, abaguquli abawazi ulwimi lwezandla banqabile, kwaye izixhobo ezininzi zokuxilonga zixhomekeke kwimiba engaqhelekanga phakathi kwabo abayizithulu .
Impilo yengqondo kwiNtlaba engaTsi
Abantu abaninzi banokulahlekelwa kwintetho - phakathi kwe-15% kunye no-26% wabemi, ngokutsho kwesifundo esinye. Kodwa umba ohlukileyo ukuba ube sisisithulu, ingakumbi xa uthe waba sisithulu ngaphambi kokuba ube nethuba lokufunda ulwimi oluthethiweyo. Phantse ezisixhenxe abantu abayi-10 000 bawela kulolu hlobo, kwaye abaninzi bazijonga njengenkcubeko yeqela elisebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla endaweni yolwimi oluthethiweyo.
Imizabalazo yokusebenza kwihlabathi elivelayo ingakhokelela kwimicimbi yengqondo yengqondo. Kwiphando elithile elibandakanya abantu abangevayo, abanye abangama-41% bathi bakholelwa ukuba iingxaki zokunxibelelana kunye neengcinezelo zentsapho kunye nolwaphulo olubanzi lunokubangela okanye lubangele ekudakaleni, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha kakubi kwezinye iimeko.
Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba malunga nekota enye yabafundi abayizithulu baneengxaki zokufunda, ukubambezeleka kokuphuhliswa, ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okanye i-autism. Abantwana abazizithulu abanenkathazo yokuthetha kunye neentsapho zabo banokuphindwa kane ukuba banokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yengxaki yempilo yengqondo kunabantwana abayizithulu abangenazo iingxaki ezimbalwa okanye bengenazo iingxaki zokuthetha kunye namalungu entsapho.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana abayizithulu nakho kunokuqhelekileyo esikolweni, kwaye abafana abangenathulu kunye namantombazana banokuthi babe ngamaxhoba okuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
Unxibelelwano olufunekayo, kodwa u-Scarce
Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zinzima ukuba abantu abayizithulu bakwazi ukufikelela. Esinye isifundo esincinci esabandakanya abantu abangama-54 sathola ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha babengazange bakwazi ukufumana iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ukuba, njengabantu abazizithulu, bangayisebenzisa.
Ukongezelela, iimeko zesifo sengqondo ezinjengeenkxalabo zengqondo zisoloko zixilongwa kwizithulu zoluntu, inxalenye enkulu ngenxa yobunzima bezonxibelelwano ezibandakanya:
- abaguquleli abambalwa abanamava phakathi kweNgesi kunye nolwimi lwezandla
- iingxaki ekuguquleleni phakathi kokuthetha kunye nolwimi lwezandla
- ukwahlukana kwindlela abantu abayizithulu abonisa ngayo iimvakalelo kunye nokuqonda impilo yengqondo
Ukufunda nokubhala akukona indawo eyaneleyo yolwimi oluthethiweyo kulo mongo. Ukulahlekelwa ukuvalelwa kukuphazamisa kakhulu isigama, kwaye abaninzi abafundi abayizithulu eziziimfundo ezizithulu bafunda kwaye babhala kwizinga lesikolweni.
Ukongezelela, ukufundwa kwemilomo kukude kwi-100% echanileyo - umntu oyintloko oyisithulu angakwazi ukufunda-afunde u-26% kuphela ukuya kwi-40% yentetho.
Indlela yokufikelela iiNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo
Ngenxa yezi ngxaki zoqhagamshelwano, uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwisifundo esinye sabantu abazizithulu bafumanisa ukuba izithulu zithanda abaqeqeshi abazizithulu ukuba banikeze iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo.
Ukongezelela, abaguquli abanolwazi kubaluleke kakhulu ... kodwa beyodwa inyathelo lokuqala ekuncedeni ukufumana ukufumana ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo ezaneleyo zempilo.
Iingxaki kunye nexesha zibalulekile ekuxilongeni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo - imibuzo enjengale "Ngaba ufumene ubunzima bokulala kwinyanga enye okanye ngaphezulu kunyaka owedlule?" okanye "kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu?" ziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngcamango zinzima ukuchazela ngolwimi lwezandla, njengezivakalisi ezinjenge "uvakalelo."
Ekugqibeleni, imibuzo kwiingxoxo zongxowankulu zixhomekeke kwinto enokuziva ukuva ngayo ubunzima beengxaki: Ubani obuza umntu othe wathulula ubomi bakhe bonke ukuba "wayeva izwi"?
Ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo Ukuqonda
Ababoneleli bempilo yengqondo kufuneka bafunde nendlela yokuqwalasela nokulungisa ukungafani kwindlela umntu oyisithulu abonisa ngayo iimvakalelo kunye namazwi avela kulabo abava.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu osisithulu angagqitha kwisantya ukuze aqwalaselwe. Nangona oku kubonwa njengento enobudlova ngabangakwazi ukuva, ngokwenene bayamkelekile kwaye baqhelekileyo kwisithulu sabantu.
Kwakhona, nangona ukubonakalisa ukuxinekeka kweemvakalelo kunzima kakhulu kwiindawo zokuphulaphula, uluntu lwentsibano lubala ngokubonakalisa ngokucacileyo imvakalelo yokubonisa intsingiselo. Njengoko kunjalo, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba oogqirha babedla ngokubhalisa ngokukhawuleza njengempawu yokuziphatha kwengqondo kunokuba utshintshe isimo sengqondo esasibonakaliswe. Kwaye, kukho impawu embalwa ngaphakathi kolwimi lwezandla ezingabonakalisa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezintle.
Yintoni Enokuyenza Ukunceda Abantu abazizithulu?
Uphando lophando lwezithethe kunye neelwimi ezithintekayo kwimpilo yengqondo lufumene ukuba abaninzi abantu abayizithulu bayesaba ukungenzi ngokungafanelekanga ngenxa yokuba abanakho ukuthetha nabasebenzi. Omnye uthabatha inxaxheba ucatshulwa esithi, "Nangona ndandifuna nje ukucela izikhokelo kwidiski yolwazi [kwisibhedlele sengqondo], ukuxhatshazwa ngokungahambi kakuhle kunokukhokelela ekubeni ndiyenze ngephutha ... Andifuni ukuya khona, nokuba tyelela! "
Olu pho nonongo luye lwabonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba baziva ukuba abaqeqeshi bawajonga ngokungaqhelekanga inqanaba lokuqhagamshelana ukuba lwanele. Omnye ugqirha wayejonga ingxaki ye-bipolar kwizigulane ezaba zizithulu ngaphambi kokuba zifunde ukuthetha, kwaye zafumanisa ukuba abo bafumanisa iziganeko bahlala begxininisa ukubonakala kweempawu ezibhalweyo kunye nolunye ulwazi.
Nangona kuya kuba nzima ukuzisombulula ezi ngxaki, ezinye izisombululo zinokwenzeka. Abantu abanokukhubazeka kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba baqwalasele imisebenzi kwiinkalo zempilo yengqondo, kwaye abaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo kufuneka baqinisekise abaguquleli abaninzi ukuba basebenze kunye nabagula ngengqondo.
Umbutho kaZwelonke weZiThuthi uthi abantu abazizithulu banelungelo lokunyanzelisa ukuba bathunyelwe kwiingcali zempilo yengqondo abanamava abasebenza kunye nabantu abayizithulu okanye abanzima ukuva. Intlangano ithi abantu abayizithulu banelungelo lokunxibelelana "ngolwimi nangendlela yokunxibelelana okusebenzayo kuwe," nokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuxilongwa kunye neengcebiso zonyango lwabo.
Abagqirha abanamava amaninzi okanye abanamava abasebenzisana nabangenakuphulaphula kufuneka basebenzise ingqalelo ngokugqithiseleyo baze bafune iingcamango zesibini xa befumanisa izizithulu. Ukongezelela, uphando kunye nemizamo kuyadingeka ukugqithisa imithintelo yolwimi okwenza kube nzima ukuthetha.
Imithombo:
Fellinger J et al. Impilo yengqondo yabantu abayizithulu. Lancet. 2012 uMar 17; 379 (9820): 1037-44.
Umbutho kaZwelonke weZiThulu. Inkcazelo yeeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo.
Shapira NA et al. Ukuvavanya kwesifo sengqondo se-bipolar kwizigulane kunye nezizithulu zokuqala. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry. Ngo-1999 Agasti; 156 (8): 1267-9.
Steinberg AG et al. Izithintelo zenkcubeko kunye neelwimi ekufikeleleni kweenkonzo zempilo yengqondo: imbono yabathengi abayizithulu. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry. 1998 Julayi; 155 (7): 982-4.
Steinberg AG et al. Ishedyuli yoxilongo lwabaxhamli bezilonda abazizithulu kwividiyo echanekileyo: uphando lokuqala. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry. NgoNovemba ka-1998; 155 (11): 1603-4.