Iinqununu ezine eziKhulu zoMilo
Ukuba unenkathazo yokuxhalabisa, ngezinye iimvakalelo ezinokunceda kunokukugcina ungakwazi ukujamelana noko kwaye unokuphazamisa ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Iingxaki zokuxhalaba zikhona nje kuphela kwimeko yentsholongwane. Ziyizifo, ngokuqhelekileyo zihambelana nokuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye namava obomi bomntu, kwaye zihlala zihamba kwiintsapho. Ngethamsanqa, kukho inani lamachiza afumanekayo ukunyanga iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwezixhala.
Iimpawu zokukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezivelele kwiinkxalabo zokuxhalaba ziquka ukucaphuka, ukungakhathazeki, ukuxhamla, ukuvakalelwa, ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo okanye ukunyamekela, ukuphazamiseka kunye / okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla. Ezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kumntu kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
Iintlobo zeengxaki zokukhathazeka
Kukho iintlungu zokuxhalabisa, ngasinye sinempawu kunye neempawu zayo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yintlungu yokuxhalaba (GAD), ingxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu (SAD). ukuphazamiseka kwesifo, i-phobias, i-dispersive-disulsive disorder (OCD), kunye ne-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD).
Iimpawu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha iingxaki zokuxhalabisa
Ukusebenzisa imithi yeengxaki zokuxhalaba kuthathwa njengekhuselekile kwaye isebenzayo kwaye inokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa isetyenziselwa kunye ne- psychotherapy . Kukho iindidi ezine eziphambili zonyango ezenziwa ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ukuphatha iingxaki zokuxhalabisa: i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i-serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs), i- benzodiazepines kunye ne- tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SSRIs)
I-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors ekhethileyo isebenza ngokubangela ukuba i-serotonin eninzi ibe khona kwingqondo, eyenza uthuthuke. I-SSRI njengo- Prozac (i-fluoxetine), i- Luvox (i-fluvoxamine), i- Paxil (i-paroxetine) ne- Zoloft (i-sertraline) yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha nayiphi na ingxaki yokukhathazeka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimiphumo zengcinezelo zingabandakanya inzuzo yesisindo, ubunzima bokulala (ubuninzi okanye obuncinane) kunye nokungasebenzi kwezesondo. Imiphumo emininzi iphela phakathi kweeveki ezimbalwa zokuqala iyeza, nangona kunjalo, ngoko kunikezela umzimba wakho ukuba ulungelelanise.
I-Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SNRIs)
I-Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors isebenza ngokufanayo kwi-SSRIs kuba idala izinga le-serotonin, kunye ne-norepinephrine, ukuba liphezulu ebuchosheni. Imizekelo yiCymbalta (duloxetine), i- Effexor (venlafaxine) ne- Pristiq (desvenlafaxine). I-SNRI ithathwa njengento ephumelelayo njenge-SSRI, ingakumbi kwi-disorder disorder disorder. Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya intloko yesifo, ukungasebenzi kwezesondo, ukungabikho, ukugulisa isisu nokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Benzodiazepines
I-Benzodiazepines, okanye i-sedatives, idla ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elincinci lokukunceda ukuphumla nokuphelisa ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezinokuzixhalabisa. Ii-benzodiazepines eziqhelekileyo ziquka iKlonopin (clonazepam), iXanax (alprazolam), iValium (diazepam) ne- Ativan (lorazepam). I-Benzodiazepines inokuphelisa impawu ngexesha elifutshane.
Abantu abahlukeneyo baphendula ngokuhlukileyo kwi-benzodiazepines. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukuba bathabathe amabini okanye kathathu ngosuku, kunye nabanye kanye kuphela ngosuku, okanye kwisiseko esifanelekileyo.
I-dose ngokuqhelekileyo iqaliswe kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye likhule ngokukhawuleza ize impawu zinciphise okanye zisuswe. I dose iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu kunye nomzimba wakho wemvelo. Ngezinye amaxesha uBenzodiazepines anikezelwa kwisiseko esifanelekileyo nje ngenxa yeemeko ezixinzeleleyo okanye ukuhlaselwa ngxhala.
Sebenzisa isilumkiso kunye neBenzodiazepines
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-benzodiazepines akukhuthazwa kuba unokuhlakulela ukunyamezela kunye / okanye ukuxhomekeka. Ukunyamezela kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe amanye amayeza ukuze asebenze. Ukuxhomekeka kuthetha ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu zokuyeka ukuyeka ukuthabatha imithi.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa kakubi la mayeza ukuze bakwazi ukuphakama. Imithi enokuthatha ixesha elide njengeKlonopin okanye i-Valium inokuvelisa iimpawu zokurhoxisa ezinamandla kunamachiza athatha ixesha elifutshane njengo-Xanax no-Ativan.
Kufuneka ubale utywala xa uthatha i-benzodiazepines ngenxa yokuba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-benzodiazepines kunye notywala kunokubangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki ezinzulu kunye nokuba zisongela ubomi. Qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga namanye amayeza owathathayo.
Qiniseka ukuthetha nodokotela ngaphambi kokuyeka i-benzodiazepine. Impendulo yokurhoxisa inokwenzeka xa unyango luye lwaphazamiseka. Izimpawu zokurhoxisa zingabandakanya ukuxhalaba, ukukrakra, intloko, isisu, ukulala, ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye / okanye ukuthatha.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezininzi zezi zimpawu zifana neempawu ezixhalabileyo ukuba unokufuna unyango. Ukuze ugweme ezi zibonakaliswa ugqirha wakho mhlawumbi uya kufakisha umthamo wakho wonyango ngokuthe ngcembe.
I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Iklasi yokugqibela yamachiza asetyenziswa ukuxhalabisa i-tricyclic antidepressants. Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza ayenziwa yi-anti-depressants yokuqala, ayenokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, kubandakanywa umbono onobuqili, umlomo owomileyo, ukuzitywa, ukunyanzelwa kwegazi xa uphazamisekile kunye nobunzima be-urinary. Imizekelo yee-TCA yi-Elavil (amitriptyline), iToffilil (imipramine) kunye ne-Pamelor) nortriptyline.
Qinisekisa ukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko umiselwe ugqirha wakho. Ukuba unemiphumo emibi, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho, kodwa ungayeki unyango lwakho ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha lwakho luvunywe njengoko oku kungabangela imicimbi enzulu yempilo.
Imithombo:
http://www.adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/DSM-5-changes
http://www.adaa.org/finding-help/treatment/media
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20044970