Abaphandi baye baqulunqa iindidi zeengcamango ukuchaza isizathu. Inkolelo nganye yomntu iyancipha ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokujonga kwiingcamango eziphambili kwimbono nganye, unokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwefuthe ngokupheleleyo.
Injongo yindlela eqala ngayo, ekhokela kunye nokugcina iimpawu zokuziphatha ezijoliswe kuyo. Yilokho esibangela ukuba sithathe inyathelo, nokuba sithatha i-snack yokunciphisa indlala okanye ukubhalisa kwiikholeji ukuze sifumane iqondo. Imikhosi engaphantsi kwesizathu sinokuthi ibe yintsholongwane, yentlalo, yemvakalelo, okanye ingqiqo. Masiqwalasele nganye.
Umbono weNkcazelo yeSizathu
Ngokutsho kweengcamango zendalo, abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba baziphathe ngeendlela ezithile kuba baye baqulunqwa ukuba benze njalo. Umzekelo weli lizwe lezilwanyana ukufuduka kwexesha. Ezi zilwanyana azinakufunda ukwenza oku, kunokuba ibe ngumzekelo wokuziphatha. Izikhokelo zezizathu zezinye iintlobo zokufuduka ngamaxesha athile ngonyaka.
UWilliam James wadala uluhlu lwezendalo zabantu ezibandakanya izinto ezifana nokuqhagamshela , ukudlala, ukuhlazeka, umsindo, ukwesaba, iintloni, ukuthozama, nothando. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo kule ngcamango kukuba ayizange ichaze indlela yokuziphatha, ivele ichaze.
Ngama-1920, iimbono zendalo zazixhaswa ngaphandle kweminye imibono ekhuthazayo, kodwa iingcali zengqondo zengqondo ziqhubeka zifunda impembelelo yemfuza kunye nokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kwabantu.
I-Incentive Theory of Motivation
I-incentive theory ibonisa ukuba abantu bashukunyiswa ukwenza izinto ngenxa yembuyekezo yangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, unakho ukukhuthazwa ukuba usebenze ngosuku ngalunye umvuzo wemali ohlawulwa. Iingcamango zokufunda ezinjengokubambisana kunye nokuqiniswa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule ngcamango yokukhuthaza.
Le ngcamango ikwabelana ngokufana neengcamango zokuziphatha zemo yokusebenza . Kwimeko yokusebenza, iimpawu zifundwa ngokudala imibutho neziphumo. Ukuqiniswa kwamandla kuya kuqinisa ukuziphatha xa isohlwayo sithintela.
Nangona i-incentive ingqinisiso iyafana, kunokuba iphakamise ukuba abantu baqhubekele ngokuzenzekelayo izifundo ezithile zokufumana inzuzo. Omkhulu umvuzo obonwayo, abantu abanamandla kakhulu banokukhuthazwa ukuba baqhubeke nalabo baqinisekisiweyo.
I-Theory yeDrive ye-Motivation
Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthaza, abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bathathe amanyathelo athile ukwenzela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa iimfuno ezingagqibekanga. Ngokomzekelo, unokushukunyiswa ukuba uphuze iglasi yamanzi ukwenzela ukunciphisa imeko yangaphakathi yokoma.
Le ngcamango iluncedo ekuchazeni iziphathamandla ezinesigxina esinamandla se-biological, njengendlala okanye ukoma. Ingxaki kunye nenkolelo yokuqhuba isisiseko kukuba le miqobo ayisoloko ishukunyiswa yizidingo zomzimba. Ngokomzekelo, abantu badla ngokutya nangona bengalambile ngokwenene.
I-Arousal Theory of Motivation
Inkolelo yokuvusa inkqubela ibonisa ukuba abantu bathatha amanyathelo athile ukuze banciphise okanye banyuse amanqanaba okuvusa.
Xa amaqondo avusayo aphantsi kakhulu, umzekelo, umntu unokubukela ifilimu evuyisayo okanye ukuya kwijog. Xa amanqanaba okuvusa aphakama kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntu uya kukhangela iindlela zokuphumla ezifana nokucamngca okanye ukufunda incwadi.
Ngokwale ngcamango, siyakhuthazwa ukuba sigcine isithuba esiphezulu sokuvusa, nangona le nqanaba ingahluka ngokusekelwe kumntu okanye imeko.
Umbono wobuNtu weMvakalelo
Iingcamango ze-Humanistic zokhuthazo zisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba abantu banesizathu esinamandla sokuqonda ukwenza izenzo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokukrakra ku-Abraham Maslow ulawulo lweemfuno , olubonisa izizathu ezahlukeneyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
Okokuqala, abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bazalise iimfuno eziphambili ze-biological zokutya kunye nendawo yokuhlala, kunye nezokhuseleko, uthando kunye nokuhlonishwa. Emva kokuba iimfuno zamanqanaba aphantsi sele zidibene, umgqugquzeli oyintloko uba mfuneko yokuzimela , okanye umnqweno wokuzalisekisa umntu.
Ukulindela Umbono we-Motivation
Inkolelo yokulindela ye-motivation ibonisa ukuba xa sicinga ngekamva, senza izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo malunga noko sicinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka. Xa siqikelela ukuba kuya kuba nemiphumo emihle, sikholelwa ukuba sinako ukwenza ikusasa elinokwenzeka. Oku kubangela ukuba abantu bazive benomdla wokuqhubela phambili ezi ziphumo.
Iingcamango ziphakamisa ukuba iinjongo zibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili: i-valence, i-instrumentality, kunye nokulinda. I-Valence ibhekisela kwixabiso labantu abahlala kuyo kwisiphumo esinokwenzeka. Izinto ezinokubonakala zingenakwenzeka ukuvelisa inzuzo yodwa inalo i-valence ephantsi, ngelixa abo banikela ngembuyekezo ngokukhawuleza bafumana i-valence ephakamileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kubhekisela ekubeni abantu bakholelwa ukuba banendima yokudlala kwisiphumo esichaziweyo. Ukuba eso siganeko sibonakala siphawule okanye singaphandle kolawulo lomntu, abantu baya kuziva bengenakukhuthazwa ukuba baqhube ikhondo lezenzo. Ukuba umntu udlala indima enkulu kwimpumelelo yomsebenzi, ke, abantu baya kuvakalelwa kakhulu kwinkqubo.
Ukulindela inkolelo yokuba umntu unokukwazi ukuvelisa iziphumo. Ukuba abantu banomuvo ongenalo izakhono okanye ulwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo, abayi kukhuthazwa ukuba bazame. Abantu abaziva banako, ngakwelinye icala, baya kuba nokuzama ukufikelela kuloo njongo.
Nangona kungekho nyiyo-mbono enye ingakwazi ukuchazela ngokwaneleyo zonke izizathu zabantu, ukujonga kwiingcamango zomntu ngamnye kunokunikela ukuqonda okukhulu kwemikhosi esenza sithathe inyathelo. Enyanisweni, kukho imimandla eyahlukileyo eyahlukeneyo ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha.