Kubaluleke Kangakanani i-IQ yokuxilongwa?
KwiNcwadana yokuThengisa kunye neSatisatisti yeNgqondo yeNgqondo ye-4 version (DSM-IV), kwakukho uhlobo lokuxilongwa olubizwa ngokuthi "ukulibala kwengqondo." Ngo-2013, xa kuphuma i-DSM-5 entsha, ukuphuza kwengqondo kuye kwaphela; kwindawo yayo kwakuyi-disorder entsha ebizwa ngokuba "ngengxaki yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo."
Abantu abanesifo "sengqondo sokulinda" bafunyaniswa ukuba basebenzise i-DSM-IV, kwaye ukuxilongwa kwenzelwe ngokubanzi kwiimvavanyo ze-IQ eziqhelekileyo .
Ukuba izikolo ze-IQ zaphuma ngaphantsi kwe-70, umntu wayecingelwa ukuba unokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Abantu abane-"disorder development disorder" bafunyaniswa ukuba basebenzise i-DSM-5, nangona iinqanaba ze-IQ zisabamba indima ebalulekileyo, ezinye izinto ziqwalaselwa. Ngokutsho kweSikhwama sokuKhubazeka koBuchule kwi-American Psychiatric Association (epapasha i-DSM):
Kwi-DSM-5, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuthathwa njengokuba kukho ukuphambukiswa okuqhelekileyo okanye ngaphezulu ngaphantsi koluntu, elilingana nesilinganiselo se-IQ malunga no-70 okanye ngaphantsi. Uvavanyo lweengcaphephe kuzo zonke iindawo ezisemgangathweni (iinjongo, ezentlalontle, kunye nokusebenza) ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba iiklinikhi zixhomekeke ekuxilweni kwazo kwiimpembelelo zengqondo ngokubanzi ekusebenzeni okufunekayo kwimihla ngemihla. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ekuphuhlisweni kwiplani yokonyango. Imigaqo-nkqubo ehlaziyiweyo iya kunceda iiklinikhi ziphucule imifanekiso epheleleyo, echanekileyo yezigulane, isinyathelo esibalulekileyo ekunikezeni unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo.
Ukusebenza kweengqiqo
Ukusebenza kwemigqaliselo yengqondo kubhekisela kumanqaku anengqiqo engqiqweni phakathi kwe-70 ukuya kwe-75 kwinqanaba lovavanyo lwengqondo ngokulinganiselwa kwe-100 kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-15. Uluhlu lubizwa ngokuba ngumda wonxweme kuba kumda we-criteria yokufunyaniswa nokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ngokubhekiselele ekubhekisweni kwengqondo) kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM).
Amanqaku angqinelanayo phakathi kwendawo ye-70 ukuya kwe-75 ithathwa njengophakamiso yokusebenza kwemigqaliselo yengqondo kwaye ingabonisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba izixhobo ezininzi zokuvavanya zilawulwe ukuze ziqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Akukho xilongwe kufuneka lwenziwe ngesiseko sovavanyo olulodwa.
Ingaba Abantu abanezixhobo zokuSebenziselwa kweNgqiqo yeNgqiqo bafumana uRhulumente okanye iinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni?
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngenxa yobunzima obunikwe izikolo ze-IQ zodwa, abantu abanamanani phakathi kwama-70 no-75 banqatshelwe iinkonzo kunye nokuxhaswa kwabanikezela ngamanani angaphantsi kwe-70. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, kukho ukugxininiswa kwamandla abantu ukusebenza kunye nokulawula izakhono zemihla ngemihla. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba umntu unelungelo lokukhubazeka kwengqondo, unokufumana okanye angayifumana iinkonzo. Ukumisela kuya kuxhomekeka kumanani amaninzi; umzekelo:
- Yiyiphi enye ingxaki yokuhamba kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo? Ngokomzekelo, umntu one-autism kunye ne-IQ ye-75 unokufumana ubunzima obunzima kakhulu kwimisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla kunomntu one-IQ kunye ne-Down Syndrome.
- Uhlala phi umntu? Imigaqo malunga neenkonzo zesebe zihluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya kwilizwe.
- Ziziphi iintlobo zenkxaso ezikhoyo kumntu ohlala kuyo?
- Ngaba lo mntu unemingeni yomzimba eyenza kunzima kuye ukwenza izakhono zobomi eziqhelekileyo? Ezinye izifo zofuzo ezibangelwa ukunciphisa i-IQ zinokubangela ukunciphisa i-tone ye-muscle, ukulungelelaniswa kakubi kunye neminye imiba.