Iimpawu zeGenesis ziphela kuphela kwi-OCD Puzzle
Xa i-genome yomntu ekugqibeleni ichongiwe, ukukhangela kuluhlobo lwezo jeni ezenza sikwazi ukuhlakulela izifo, kubandakanywa ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki (OCD). Nangona kucacile ukuba i-OCD inesiseko semfuyo, akukacaci ukuba yeyiphi i-geni ebalulekileyo kwaye phantsi kweemeko zini.
Izifo zeGenesis kunye nokugula: I-Primer emfutshane
Ngaphambi kokuxubusha ukuba kukho i-OCD yezofuzo, makhe sihlole ezinye iingcamango zesifo somzimba kunye nendlela ezihlobene ngayo nokugula.
Izifo zeGenesis zenza njengelungu lomzimba wokwenza amaprotheni ahlukeneyo. Ezi proteins zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa inani elininzi lamathambo kunye neekhemikhali ze-biochemicals. Okuthakazelisayo, abantu abahlukeneyo banokukwazi ukufumana iinguqu ezahlukeneyo zemizimba. Ezi ziguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba ngama-alleles.
Nangona ezinye izifo ezinjenge-cystic fibrosis zicingelwa ukuba zibangelwa yimizimba ethile, izifo ezininzi, kuquka izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-OCD, zicingelwa ukuba zibangelwa kukudibanisa iindidi ezahlukileyo. Kule meko, ukutshatyalaliswa kwakho kwisifo esinikezelwe kuxhomekeke kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo okanye i-alleles zeentlobo zegesi ozizuze kubazali bakho kunye naluphi udibeneyo.
Ingqongileyo idlala indima enkulu kwizifo eziphuhlisayo
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba imozulu inempembelelo enamandla kakhulu ukuba ingaba i-riskatic genetic vulnerability iyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela yokugula. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ozalwe ngumhlaza kwimiphunga yamaphaphu unokuthi aphuhlise eso sifo xa etshaya ugwayi okanye ebonakaliswe ngco liseko yendalo.
Kwesinye isihlandlo, umntu osengozini yokuxinezeleka akanakuze agxininiswe xa engazange ahlangane nesicindezelo esinamandla.
Nangona sivame ukuva malunga ne "nature againstus nurture" ingxoxo, ezininzi iingcali ziyabona ukuba kukusebenzisana phakathi kwamagciwane ethu kunye nommandla ocacileyo ukuba siba nesifo.
Enyanisweni, kudlalwa ukuba ngelixa izakhi zethu zofuzo "zithwala isibhamu," yindawo engqongileyo.
I-Genetics ye-OCD
Uphando olusebenzisa amawele afanayo kunye neentsapho zabantu abane-OCD lubonisa ukuba into ebalulekileyo kumngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa i-OCD yimizimba, kunye nomngcipheko osele uchongwa yendalo. Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi baye bafuna iizakhi ezithile ezenza ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-OCD. Nangona kungekho kubonakala ngathi "i-OCD gene", kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye iinguqulelo okanye i-alleles zezilwanyana ezithile zingabonakalisa ubunzima obukhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, kukho ubungqina bokuqala bokuba neenguqu ezithile okanye i-alleles zegesi ezilawula ukuveliswa kwe- serotonin (i-neurochemical engabalulekiyo kwi-OCD), into eyenziwa ngengqondo efunyenwe yingqondo (ikhemikhali edlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni uphuhliso ingqondo) kunye ne-glutamate (enye i-brain neurochemical in brain that can be important for OCD) ingabonakalisa uhlobo oluthile lobungozi ekuphuhliseni i-OCD. Oku kuthethi, akucaci ngokucacileyo ukuba la majelo ezithintela njani ukuphuhliswa kwe-OCD, kwaye kukho uphando oluninzi olufunekayo lwenziwa.
I-Genetic Vulnerability ibhekiselele encinci ngaphandle kwemeko
Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ezi (kunye nezinye, njengokuba zingabonakalwanga) ubunzima bezofuzo zingabandakanywa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-OCD inxulumene nezinto ezinobungozi ngaphambi kokubeletha, ezifana nokufumana ubunzima obuninzi ngenkathi ukhulelwe kunye nobunzima bezakhono, kunye neengcinezelo zobomi, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kakubi ngokomzimba okanye kwimizimba. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu akanako ukuhlakulela i-OCD ngaphandle kokuba abe nelungelo lokungcungcuthekiswa ngokusemthethweni phantsi kwelungelo (okanye mhlawumbi), mhlawumbi.
I-OCD yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-gene esisodwa kwisithuba esingama-30,000 esinazo sinokubangela uxanduva lokuvelisa ubunzima obunzima kunye nokunyanzelisa okuyi-OCD. Kunokwenzeka ukuba i-OCD yimbangela yamagciwane amaninzi asebenzisanayo ukudala ubungozi obunciphekileyo.
Izifundo ze-genetics ze-OCD ngoku zijolise kwiintlukwano zofuzo ezingachaza iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ze- OCD ezikhoyo. Oluphando lunokuba luncedo ekuphuhliseni unyango olukwazi ukujolisa iimpawu ezithile ngokubhekisele ngakumbi kunokuba kungenzeka ngoku.
Imithombo:
I-Samuels, i-JF "Intuthuko ezayo kwi-Genetics ye-OCD" Iingxelo zengqondo ezikhoyo ngoku- 2009 11: 277-82.
http://www.ocdeducationstation.org/ocd-facts/ziganeko-cd