Ingxaki eQinisekisayo ngokuzimela
I-Munchausen syndrome ithathwa njengesifo sengqondo . Abantu abane-syndrome ye-Munchausen baya kusebenza ngokungathi banempilo yenyama okanye yengqondo nangona bengagula. Oku kuziphatha akukwenzeka nje ngexesha elilodwa. Umntu onesifo se-Munchausen uya kudla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ngenjongo yokwenza njengoko egule.
I-Munchausen syndrome esetyenziselwa ukuba yintlupheko yayo, kodwa phantsi kweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Distress mentals, i-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) , ngoku kuthiwa yi-disorder disorder imiselwe yona.
Le yintlupheko yengqondo apho abantu bakha ngamabomu, bayakhononda, okanye bagxininise iimpawu zesifo esingekho ngokwenene. Injongo yabo ephambili kukuba bathathe indima egulayo ukuba abantu banakekele kwaye babe yinkalo yokuqwalasela.
Ukuxilongwa Inkcazo yeMunchausen Syndrome
Ukufumanisa i-Munchausen syndrome kunokuba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokungathembeki okuhambelana nale ngxaki. Oogqirha kufuneka baqale ukulawula zonke izifo ezingokwenyama nangokwengqondo ngaphambi kokuqwalasela ukuxilongwa kwe-Munchausen syndrome. Ukongezelela, ukuze ufumane i-Munchausen syndrome / i-disorder disorder eyayibekwa yedwa, ezi zilandelayo migaqo kufuneka zifezekiswe:
- Ubuxoki beempawu okanye izibonakaliso zomzimba okanye zengqondo, okanye ukutyalwa kwemazi okanye izifo, ezihambelana nokukhohlisa okuchongiweyo
- Umntu uzinikela kwabanye okanye abagulayo, abanokukhubazeka okanye abalimele
- Ukuziphatha okukhohlisayo kubonakala nangona kungabikho kwembuyekezo yangaphandle ecacileyo
- Ukuziphatha akuchazekanga ngenye ingxaki yengqondo, njengengxaki yokulahleka okanye enye ingxaki yengqondo
IMunchausen Syndrome Symptoms
Uphawu oluphambili lubonakaliswe kumntu ochaphazelekayo ngenxa yesifo esithintekayo (AKA Munchausen syndrome) ngokubangela ukuba, ukunyelisa, kunye / okanye ukugqithisa iimpawu (ngokomzimba okanye kwengqondo) xa umntu engagula.
Basenokungabikho ngokukhawuleza bashiye isibhedlele baze batyekele kwenye indawo xa kufumanisa ukuba abayinyani. Abantu abane-syndrome ye-Munchausen banokuba lukhohlisi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba uphawu oluphambili lwalo mkhuhlane luhlobene nokukhohlisa nokungathembeki.
Izimpawu ezongezelelweyo zingaquka:
- Ufuna abanye ukuba bajonge njengagula okanye abangakhubazekiyo
- Ukuxoka iirekhodi zezokwelapha ukuchaza isigulo
- Ukuzilimaza ngokwabo ngokwenza ubungozi
- Ukwenza into ngokuzilimaza ngokwabo ngenjongo yokubangela ukugula (umzekelo, ukusela isichephe esinobungozi besisu esiswini)
Ukuziphatha koMunchausen Syndrome
Ngenxa yokuba umntu ochaphazelekayo ngenxa yesifo esiyithintelayo uya kuzama ukuzenza ngukugula okanye ukulimala, oku kulandelayo imimiselo yokuziphatha ongayibona kumntu onokuthi ufumane ukuba nale ngxaki:
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwenzakalo eyona nto ingakhokelela ekungeniseni okongeziweyo kunye nokungenakudingwa kwezokwelapha okungadingekile
- Ukugxeka malunga neempawu ze-neurological (ezifana nokutshatyalaliswa, ukuzondwa, okanye ukutshitshiswa), ubukho obunzima ukuyiqonda
- Ukubika ukuxinezeleka nokuzibulala emva kwesiganeko (njengokufa komntwana) nangona kwakungekho ukufa kunye / okanye umntu akanalo umntwana
- Ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lwebhoratri (umzekelo, ngokungeza igazi kumchamo okanye ukutywala imishanguzo) ukufumana umphumo ongaqhelekanga
Munchausen Syndrome ngokumelene noMunchausen Syndrome nguProxy
I-Munchausen syndrome kunye ne-Munchausen syndrome ngabaxhasi bahlelwe njengezifo ezibangelwa yiyo. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu abaneengxaki ezibangelwa yedwa kunye nabachaphazelekayo ngenxa yesifo esithintekayo kwesinye. Loo mahluko unxulumene nawuphi na umntu ogqwethayo njengokugula. Nge-syndrome ye-Munchausen, umntu uzinikela kwabanye njengagula, nangona nge-Munchausen syndrome ngummeli, loo mntu ubeka omnye umntu kwabanye abagulayo okanye abalimele.
Lo mntu "omnye", onokuba ngumntwana, omnye umntu omdala, okanye isilwanyana sithathwa njengexhoba. Ngako oko, umntu ochaphazelekayo yi-Munchausen syndrome ngummeli unokuba netyala lokuziphatha okubi xa izenzo zakhe zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunye / okanye ukuphathwa kakubi.
Yintoni eyenza uMunchausen Syndrome?
Isizathu esiyiyo solu daba asiyazi. Ngenxa yobuqhetseba be-Munchausen syndrome, awaziwa ukuba bangaphi abantu abachaphazelekayo (kodwa inani kulindeleke ukuba liphantsi kakhulu). Ukuqala kweempawu ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngumntu omdala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokubhedlele esibhedlele. Ngelishwa, le yimeko enzima kwaye ayiqondanga kakuhle.
Enye ingcamango ebalulekileyo yintoni eyenza le ngxaki yengqondo yimbali yokusetyenziswa kakubi, ukunganakwa okanye ukushiywa njengomntwana. Umntu unokufumana iingxaki zomzali ezingaphendulwanga ngenxa yale ngozi. Le miba ingakhokelela umntu ukuba agule. Abantu banokwenza oku ngenxa yokuba:
- Kufuneka uzive luleke kwaye ube yimbindi yokuqwalasela
- Unesidingo sokuzihlawula ngokwenza izigulane (kuba ziziva zingenakufaneleka)
- Kudinga ukudlulisela uxanduva lwenhlalakahle yabo kunye nokunyamekela kwabanye abantu
Enye ingcamango malunga noko kubangela ukuba i-Munchausen syndrome ukuba umntu unembali yezifo eziqhelekileyo okanye ezide ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlele (ngokukodwa ukuba oku kwenzekayo ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni). Isizathu salo mfundiso kukuba abantu abane-syndrome ye-Munchausen banokudibanisa ukukhumbula kwabo abantwana kunye nomoya wokunyamekela. Emva kokuba babe ngabantu abadala, banokuzama ukufezekisa iimvakalelo ezifanayo kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokuzenza ngathi bagula.
Kukho nokuba kukho ukunxibelelana phakathi kobuntu kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa yedwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingxaki zobuntu ziqhelekileyo kubantu abane-syndrome ye-Munchausen. Le ngxaki ingavela kwisidingo sangaphakathi somntu ukuba sibonakale sigula okanye sikhubazekileyo. Kwakhona kungenxa yomntu onengqondo engaqinisekanga yobuni bakhe. Abantu abachaphazelekayo yiyo ngxaki bazimisele ukuhamba ngamanyathelo angqongqo, afana neemvavanyo ezibuhlungu okanye ezinobungozi kumzamo wokufumana uvelwano kunye nenkathalo ekhethekileyo enikwa abantu abagula ngokwenene. Ngoko ukuzenza ngathi ugula kuyabavumela ukuba bathathe ubunikazi obangela inkxaso kunye nokwamkelwa kwabanye. Ukwamkelwa esibhedlele kwakhona kunika aba bantu indawo echazwe ngokucacileyo kwindawo yentlalo yoluntu.
Yintoni iNgqungquthela yabantu abaneMunchausen Syndrome?
Ukukhathazeka okwenziwe yiyo yimeko yokuziphatha, ngoko kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Abantu abanalolu daba baya kuthi kananjalo bakhanyela iimpawu, ngoko ke banqwenela ukufuna okanye ukulandela unyango. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlutha kwesibhambathiso kuthatha ihlwempu. I-Munchausen syndrome idibene neengxaki ezinzima zengqondo. Abantu ngabanye basengozini yeengxaki zempilo okanye ukufa ngenxa yezenzo zabo ezizenzekelayo zokuzama ukuzilimaza. Basenokufumana ingozi eyongezelelweyo kwiinkcenkceshe ezibandakanya iimvavanyo ezininzi, iinkqubo kunye neyeza. Ekugqibeleni, abantu abaxilongwa nge-Munchausen syndrome basengozini enkulu yokusetyenziswa kakubi ngokweziyobisi nokuzibulala .
I-Munchausen Syndrome Iimpawu zoMkiso
Ukuba unomdla ukuba umntu owaziyo unokuchaphazeleka yi-syndrome ye-Munchausen, kukho iimpawu ezilumkiso onokuzijonga. Uphawu oluphambili kukuba umntu ubonakala ehlala ekhononda kunye / okanye exagger symptoms of illness.
Izibonakaliso ezongeziweyo ziyakubandakanya:
- Ubukho beempawu kuphela xa umntu engedwa okanye engabonwa
- Ulwazi olubanzi lwezibhedlele kunye / okanye isigama sesiganeko (kunye nokuchazwa kweencwadi zezifo)
- Inkcazo epheleleyo kodwa engavumelaniyo neyonyango
- Izikhalazo zamatsha okanye iimpawu ezilandelayo emva kweziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga
- Iingxaki ngobuni kunye nokuzithemba
- Umntu unqabile okanye akafuni ukuvumela abaqeqeshi bezonyango ukuba badibane okanye bathethe nentsapho, abahlobo, okanye ababoneleli bonyango bexesha elidlulileyo
- Izimpawu ezingenangqondo ezingakwazi ukulawulwa kwaye zibe nzima ngakumbi okanye zitshintshe emva kokuqala unyango
- Ukuzimisela okanye ukulangazelela ukuya esibhedlele kunye nokuhlola iimvavanyo zonyango, imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo
- Imbali yokufumana unyango kwizibhedlele ezininzi, iikliniki kunye namaziko ogqirha (mhlawumbi kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo okanye iikhowudi ze-zip)
Unyusen Syndrome Treatment
Nangona abantu abane-Munchausen syndrome banokufumana unyango lweengxaki ezininzi, aba bantu abafuni ukuvuma nokufuna unyango lwe-syndrome. Abantu abachaphazelekayo ngenxa yengxaki eyenziwe ngokuzikhanyela ukuba bazama okanye bangela izibonakaliso zabo, ngoko ukufumana unyango luxhomekeka kumnye umntu osola ukuba umntu unalo le disorder, ukunyanzelisa umntu ukuba athathe unyango, kwaye akhuthaze umntu ukuba anamathele iinjongo zonyango .
Injongo ephambili yokonyango ye-Munchausen syndrome kukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha komntu kunye nokunciphisa kakubi / ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo zonyango. Uphulo luvame ukuquka isifo sengqondo (ukululekwa kwezempilo yengqondo). Ngethuba leeseshoni zonyango, uphando lunokuzama ukumelana nocelomngeni nokuguqula ukucinga nokuziphatha komntu (oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi- cognitive-behavioral therapy ). Iiseshoni zonyango zinokuzama ukuzityhila kunye nokujongana nayo nayiphi na into engundoqo yengqondo engabangela ukuziphatha komntu. Ngethuba lokunyanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu asebenze ekulawuleni i-syndrome ngokuchasene nokuzama ukuyiphilisa. Ngoko ke, unogqirha unokuzama ukukhuthaza abo bantu ukuba baphephe iinkqubo zonyango ezinobungozi kunye nezibhengezo ezingabalulekanga ezibhedlele.
Amachiza aqhelekanga asetyenziselwa unyango lwe-Munchausen syndrome. Ukuba umntu uphethwe yintlungu okanye uxinzelelo , ugqirha unokumisela amagqirha. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso ngokubhekiselele kula bantu ngenxa yobungakanani obuphezulu bokusebenzisa la mayeza ukuze bazilimaze ngokwabo.
Ukongeza kwonyango ngalinye, unyango lunokubandakanya unyango lwentsapho. Ukufundisa amalungu omndeni indlela yokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo umntu ofumene unyango lwe-Munchausen unokuba luncedo. Ingcali inokufundisa amalungu omndeni ukuba angayivuzi okanye aqinise ukuziphatha komntu onesifo. Oku kunokunciphisa imfuno yabantu ukuba babonakale begula ngenxa yokuba abanako ukufumana ingqalelo abayifunayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic ne-Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo (5Th Ed) . 5. IWashington, DC: Ukushicilelwa kwe-Psychiatric yase-American, Incorporated, ngo-2013.
> Elwyn, TS. "Ingxaki Yokwenene Yenzelwe Ngayo (uMunchausen's Syndrome). Emedicine.medscape.com . 2016.
> Feldman MD. Ukudlala Ukugula? Ukungaphazamisi iWebhu ye-Munchausen Syndrome, i-Munchausen ngo-Proxy, Ukuxhatshazwa, kunye neNgxaki yokuQiniseka . ENew York: iBrunner-Routledge, 2004.