Inkcazo emfutshane: Uvavanyo olubonakalayo olubandakanya ukuchaza iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga.
Uphuhliswe ngu: Henry A. Murray noKristuina D. Morgan
Ingaba isebenza kanjani?
Uvavanyo lwe-Thematic Apperception, okanye i-TAT njengoko lidla ngokubhekiswa kuyo, olubandakanya ukubonisa abantu abaphendula imibuzo engabonakaliyo yabantu kwaye bacele ukuba bafike ngcaciso malunga noko kwenzekayo kwimeko.
Injongo yovavanyo kukufunda okungakumbi malunga neengcamango zabaphenduli, iingxaki kunye neenjongo ezisekelwe kwiibali abazenzayo ukuze bachaze imifanekiso engacacanga kunye nexesha elivuthayo elibonakalisa kwimifanekiso.
Izifundo zicelwa ukuba zixele ibali echaza into eyenzekayo emfanekisweni kubandakanywa iziganeko ezikhokelela kumbindi, kwenzekani kwimeko, ukuba yeyiphi na ibalingiswa bacinga okanye bazive, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni emva koko.
Ingxelo epheleleyo ye-TAT iquka amakhadi omfanekiso angama-32 abonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezibonisa abalinganiswa abangabandakanya amadoda, abafazi, abantwana kunye nezifundo ezingabantu. Iziganeko zihlolisisa iindidi ezininzi ezibandakanya ezo zihambelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ulwaphulo, ukungaphumeleli, impumelelo, kunye nolwalamano. U-Murray waphakamisa ukusetyenziswa usebenzisa amakhadi angaba ngu-20 kwaye ukhetha abo babonisa iimpawu ezifana nesifundo. Abaphandi abaninzi namhlanje basebenzisa amakhadi angama-8 no-12, amaninzi akhethiweyo kuba umhloli uvakalelwa kukuba indawo iyafana neemfuno zabaxhasi kunye nemeko.
Ukusetyenziswa: I-TAT idla ngokusetyenziswa njengethuluzi lokuthintela ukuvumela abaxhasi ukuba bavakalise iimvakalelo ngendlela engekho ngqo. Iingcali ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa uvavanyo ukuze zifunde kabanzi malunga nomxhasi, ukuhlola iingqungquthela ezahlukeneyo okanye imiba ngexesha lonyango, okanye njengethuluzi lovavanyo.
I-TAT nayo isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sogunyaziso.
Oogqirha banakho ukulawula uvavanyo kubaphulaphuli ukuvavanya umngcipheko wokubuyiselwa kwembuyekezo okanye ukuchonga ukuba umntu ufana neprofayili yesohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho.
Uvavanyo luye lwasetyenziswa njengoluhlolo lwezemisebenzi ukufumanisa ukuba abantu bafanelekile kwiimbopheleleko ezithile, ikakhulukazi izikhundla ezifuna ukujamelana nokuxinwa nokuvavanya imeko ecacileyo njengenkokeli yempi kunye nezikhundla zokunyanzelisa umthetho.
Iingcamango: Uvavanyo lwe-Thematic Apperception luhluleka inkqubo yokubeka amanqaku kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ngoko kunzima ukufumana uqikelelo lokuthembeka nokuqinisekiswa . Abahloli abahlukeneyo kunye neekliniki bahlala behluka ngolawulo kunye neenkqubo, ngoko ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo kunzima. Bambalwa abasebenzisa u-Murray obenzileyo kunye nobunzima benkqubo yokubeka amanqaku kwaye kunokuba bathembele ekuchazeni kwabo ngokwasemthethweni kunye neengcamango zeklinikhi ukufikelela kwizigqibo malunga nezifundo.
Iingxelo
Aronow, E., Weiss, KA, & Rezinkoff, M. (2001). Isikhokelo esiSebenzayo kuVavanyo lweThematic Apperception. Philadelphia: Brunner Routledge.
Lilienfeld, SO, Wood, JM, & Garb, HN (2000). Ubume bezenzululwazi zamasu okucwangcisa. I-Psychological Science kwinxaxheba yoluntu, 1 (2), 27-66.
Murray, HA (1943). Incwadana yokuVavanywa kweThematic Testing. I-Cambridge, MA: i-University of Harvard.
Sweetland, RC, & Keyser, DJ (1986). Iimvavanyo: I-Reference Reference Comprehensive for Assessments in Psychology, Education and Business. Inkcazelo yesi-2. I-Kansas City, KS: i-Test Corporation yaseMelika.