Isishukumiso esiphezulu sibhekiselele ekuziphatheni okuqhutywa yimiphumo yangaphandle njengemali, udumo, amabakala kunye nodumo. Olu hlobo lokukhuthaza luvela ngaphandle komntu, ngokuchasene nokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi, okuvela ngaphakathi komntu.
Yintoni Eyona Ntshukumo Yokunciphisa?
Cinga ngesifiso sakho sokufunda eli nqaku. Ngaba uzama ukufunda le nto ukuze ukwazi ukufumana ibakala elungileyo kwiklasi yengqondo yakho ?
Oku kuthetha ukuba ufunda izinto eziphathekayo ukuze ufumane ukuqiniswa kwangaphandle (ukufumana ibakala elungileyo), oko kuthetha ukuba ukuziphatha kwakho kugxilile.
Ukuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ufunda oku ngenxa yokuba unomdla wokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokuziphatha komntu, oko kuya kuba ngumzekelo wokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi.
Abantu abaxhaswe ngokukhawuleza baya kuqhubeka ukwenza isenzo nangona umsebenzi ungahle ungabi kuwo kwaye ngokwawo uvuza. Umntu osebenza kwimeko yokukhiqiza, umzekelo, unokuyenza imisebenzi emininzi engaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba lo mntu ufumana umvuzo ogqithisiweyo (ukuhlawula) ukugqiba le mi sebenzi, uya kuziva ekhuthazwa ukuba awenze.
Xa ufuna ukuba umntu enze into ethile, njengokufumana abantwana bakho ukwenza umsebenzi wabo wasekhaya, yintoni enye indlela engcono yokubakhuthaza? Abantu abaninzi bangase baqale ngokunikela uhlobo oluthile lomvuzo ofana nophatho olukhethekileyo.
Lo ngumzekelo omhle wokushukumiseka kwangaphambili ekubeni ukuziphatha kukhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokufumana umvuzo wangaphandle. Ngokungafani nokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi, okuvela kumntu ngamnye, isisusa esinqumlayo sigxile kuphela kwimbuyekezo.
I-Motivation ye-Extrinsic inokubandakanya iMiphumo ebonakalayo okanye yeengqondo
Isizathu esiphezulu sisoloko sichazwa njengethambeko lethu lokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi ukwenzela ukufumana uhlobo oluthile lwaziwa, umvuzo wangaphandle.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le mivuzo inokuba yinto ebonakalayo okanye yengqondo. Iimali kunye neentambo zimbini iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomvuzo. Abantu babandakanyeka kwimisebenzi abangayifumani ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba bayonwabele okanye bavuze umvuzo ukuze bafumane umvuzo. Abadlali bavame ukubandakanya kwiiseshoni ezinzima kunye nobunzima ukuze bakwazi ukukhuphisana kwimicimbi yezemidlalo ukwenzela ukuphumelela ama-trophies kunye namabhaso.
Iintlobo zengqondo zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo zingabandakanya ukudumisa kunye nokudumisa abantu. Umntwana unokuhlambulula igumbi lakhe ukuze athole udumo oluhle kubazali bakhe. Umdlali angenza inxaxheba ukuze athole ingqwalasela kwaye avunyelwe kubaphulaphuli bakhe. Kuzo zombini le mizekelo, ngelixa umvuzo awukho ngokomzimba okanye ubonakalayo, luhlobo lomvuzo okhuthazayo ongaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuthatha inxaxheba kumcimbi.
Indlela Esebenzayo Ngayo Intshukumo Ye-Extrinsic?
Ngako-ke, umvuzo ogqithisileyo usebenza njani ngokunyusa ukukhuthaza? Olu hlobo lokukhuthazwa lunokusebenza kakhulu. Jonga nje yonke imimiselo ebomini bakho ngezinto ozenzayo ukuze ufumane uhlobo oluthile lomvuzo wangaphandle. Ungathengisa ngekhadi lokunyaniseka kweetitolo ukuze ufumane amaphuzu, izaphulelo, kunye nemiklomelo.
Unokubhokoxa ukwenza imisebenzi emsebenzini ongayithandiyo ukuze uqhubeke ufumana ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza. Usenokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwekhadi lesikredenti ukuze ufumane iililesi zeenqwelo-moya. Yonke le mizekelo yokwenza iimpawu ezithile ukuze ufumane umvuzo wangaphandle.
I-Motivation ye-Extrinsic Ngamanye amaxesha Ngamanye amaxesha ungaphinduka
Nangona ukunikela imivuzo kunokunyusa amaxhoba kwezinye iimeko, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba oku akusoloko kunjalo. Enyanisweni, ukunikela umvuzo ogqithiseleyo kunokuba kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunyusa kwangaphakathi .
Ukuthambekela kokushukumiseka kwangaphandle ukuphazamisa ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi kuyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo .
Oku kubandakanya ukwehla kweziphathamandla ezithintekayo kwangaphakathi emva kokuba ukuziphatha kuhlawulelwe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ukuqinisekiswa kuya kugqitywa.
Kwimvavanyo ye-classic yiLepper, uGreene, neNisbett, abantwana bavuzwa ngokukhawuleza ngokukraba neempumlo zombilini, umsebenzi ababewuthanda ukuzenza ngokwabo ngexesha lokudlala. Xa abantwana banikwa ithuba lokudlala kunye neepeni ngexesha lokudlala, abantwana abaye bavuzwa ngokuwasebenzisa ngaphambili babonisa umdla omkhulu wokudlala neepeni kwakhona. Noko ke, abantwana abangazange bavuzwe, baqhubeka bedlala neepeni.
Ukuqonda iziphumo
Kutheni ukuvuyisa ukuziphatha okuvuyisayo kwangaphambili kukukhokelela ngokungazelelwe? Esinye isizathu kukuba abantu bathambekele ekuhlalutheni zabo izizathu zokubandakanya umsebenzi. Emva kokuba bavuzwa ngaphandle ngenxa yokwenza isenzo, banikela ukubaluleka kakhulu kwendima yokuqiniswa ekuziphatheni kwabo. Esinye isizathu esinokwenzeka kukuba imisebenzi eqala ukuba yinto yokudlala okanye yokuzonwabisa ingatshintshwa ibe ngumsebenzi okanye iimbopheleleko xa iboshwe umvuzo wangaphandle.
Iintlawulo ezingaphezulu ziba yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha, kodwa iingcali zi lumkisa ukuba zimele zisetyenziswe ngokuqaphela, ngakumbi kubantwana.
Abashukumisayo abasemgangathweni basetyenziswe kakuhle kwiimeko apho abantu abanomdla wokuqala ukwenza umsebenzi okanye kwiimeko apho izakhono ezisisiseko zingekho, kodwa le mivuzo kufuneka igcinwe encinci kwaye kufuneka ihlangane ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni okuthile. Emva kokuba inzala ethile yenzelwe kwaye ezinye izakhono ezibalulekileyo zisiwe, abaxhasi baxhomekeke ngaphandle.
ILizwi
Isishukumiso esiphezulu singaba nefuthe elinamandla ekuziphatheni komntu, kodwa njengoko uphando malunga nomphumo wokugqithisa, lubonisa imida. Unokufumanisa kukunceda ukuqwalasela ukuba ungekho ngaphakathi okanye uqhubekile xa usebenza kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngaba ujonge phambili ekusebenzeni kwakho kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ngenxa yokuba unokubheja nomhlobo malunga nokuba ngubani onokulahlekelwa ubunzima? Emva koko usuphelelwe ngamandla. Ukuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unqwenela ukuphumeza ngenxa yokuba ufumana umsebenzi owonwabileyo nokwanelisayo, ngoko uzimisele ngokusesikweni.
Isishukumiso esiphezulu asiyinto embi. Imivuzo yangaphandle ingaba luncedo kwaye isisebenzise ithuluzi lokufumana abantu ukuba bahlale bekhuthazekile nangomsebenzi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa abantu befuna ukugqiba into abayifumana nzima okanye engathandekiyo, njengesabelo somsebenzi wesikolo sasekhaya okanye umsebenzi ohambelana nomsebenzi.
> Imithombo:
> Brown, i-LV (2007). Psychology of motivation . INew York: Abapapashi bakaNova.
> Griggs, RA (2010). I-Psychology: Isingeniso esicacileyo. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.
> Lepper, MR & Greene, D. IiNkcitho eziMfihliweyo zoMvuzo: IiPhulo ezintsha kwiNzululwazi yoBantu. I-London: I-Psychology Press; 2015.