Kutheni senza izinto esizenzayo? Yintoni eqhuba izinto zethu zokuziphatha? Iingcali zengqondo ziye zacetyiswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga malunga nefuthe , kubandakanywa indlela enye ebandakanya ukujonga ukuba iinjongo zivela ngaphandle (extrinsic) okanye ngaphakathi (intrinsic) ngamnye.
Nangona zombini iindidi zibalulekile, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi kunye nokukhuthazeka kwangaphandle kunokuba nefuthe eyahlukileyo kwimilinganiselo kunye nendlela abantu abaphishekela ngayo iinjongo.
Ukuze uqonde indlela ezi zintlobo zokhuthazo ezichaphazela ngayo isenzo sabantu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi na indlela kwaye isebenza ngayo.
Yintoni Eyona Ntshukumo Yokunciphisa?
Isizathu esiphezulu senzeke xa sikhuthazwa ukuba senze ukuziphatha okanye sihlanganyele kumsebenzi wokufumana umvuzo okanye ukuphepha isigwebo.
Imizekelo yeziphathamandla ezibangelwa ukukhuthazwa kwangaphandle ziquka:
- Ukufunda ngenxa yokuba ufuna ukufumana ibakala elungileyo
- Ukucoca igumbi lakho ukuze ugweme ukukhutshiswa ngabazali bakho
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo ukuphumelela izibhengezo
- Ukukhawulelana kumncintiswano ukuphumelela i-scholarship
Kule mizekelo nganye, ukuziphatha kukhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokufumana umvuzo okanye ukuphepha umphumo ongathandekiyo. Abantu ababandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kungekhona ngenxa yokuba bayakuzonwabisa okanye kuba bayakufumana beyanelisayo, kodwa ukuze bafumane into ngokubuyisela okanye bagweme into engathandekiyo.
Yintoni Intshukumo Yengqondo?
Isizathu sokungena kwi-intrinsic kuquka ukubandakanya ukuziphatha kuba luvuyisa ngokwabo; ngokukodwa, ukwenza umsebenzi ngenxa yoko kunomdla wokufumana umvuzo wangaphandle.
Imizekelo yezenzo ezibangelwa yimpembelelo yangaphakathi ziquka:
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo kuba ufumanisa umcimbi ujabule
- Ukuxazulula iphazili yegama kuba ufumana umngeni onomdla kwaye unomdla
- Ukudlala umdlalo kuba ufumanisa umdla
Kuzo zonke iziganeko, ukuziphatha komntu kushukunyiswa ngumnqweno wangaphakathi wokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ngokwayo.
Okubalulekileyo, ukuziphatha ngokwayo ngumvuzo wayo.
Ukuxhaswa ngokusondeleyo ne-Intrinsic Motivation: Yiyiphi eyona nto ibhetele?
Ngoko ke, umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwezi zimbini zokhuthazo kukuba ukhuthazo lwangaphandle luvela ngaphandle komntu ngexesha i-motivation intrinsic ivela ngaphakathi. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ezi zimbini zokhuthazo zingahluka ngendlela abaqhuba ngayo ukuziphatha ngokuqhuba.
Ezinye iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukunikela umvuzo ongaphandle ongaphantsi komgangatho wokuziphatha okwangoku kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi, into eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo engaphezulu . Kwesifundo esisodwa, umzekelo, abantwana abaye bavuzwa ngokudlala ngetekisi ababeye bavakalisa umdla xa bedlala nabo baba nomdla kumbandela emva kokuba bavuzwa ngaphandle.
Oku akusikhombisi ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-extrinsic yinto embi. Isishukumiso esiphezulu sinokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko. Inokukunceda ngokukodwa kwiimeko apho umntu ufuna ukugqiba umsebenzi abayifumanayo. Nangona kunjalo:
- Imivuzo yangaphandle ingabangela umdla kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinto apho umntu angenayo inzala yokuqala.
- Imivuzo engaphezulu ingasetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bafumane izakhono ezintsha okanye ulwazi. Emva kokuba ezi zifundo zakuqala ziye zafundwa, abantu banokuthi baqhubekele phambili ekuqhubeleleni umsebenzi.
- Imivuzo yangaphandle ingaba ngumthombo wempendulo, ukuvumela abantu ukuba bazi ukuba umsebenzi wabo uphumelele umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokuqiniswa .
Abagqugquzeli be-Extrinsic mabaphephe kwiimeko apho:
- Umntu sele sele ufumana umsebenzi ovuzayo
- Ukunikela umvuzo kungenza umsebenzi "wokudlala" ubonakala ufana "nomsebenzi"
Ixesha lokusebenzisa i-Extrinsic Motivation
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi banokubonisa ukuba ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi kukuhle, akunakwenzeka rhoqo kuzo zonke iimeko. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu abanomnqweno wangaphakathi wokubandakanya umsebenzi. Umvuzo ogqithiseleyo unokuba yingxaki, kodwa xa usetyenziselwa ngokufanelekileyo, abashukumisayo abaxhamlayo bangaba luncedo.
Umzekelo, ukukhuthazwa kwangaphandle kungasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa abantu ukugqiba umsebenzi womsebenzi okanye isabelo esikolweni apho bengenalo inzala yangaphakathi.
Abaphandi baye bafika kwizigqibo eziphambili ezintathu ngokuphathelele kwimiphumo engaphandle kunye nempembelelo yabo kwisishukumiso sangaphakathi:
- Imivuzo yangaphandle engalindelekanga ngokuqhelekileyo ayinciphisi intshukumo yangaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufumana ibanga elifanelekileyo ekuvavanyeni ngenxa yokuba ujabulela ukufunda ngesifundo kwaye utitshala unquma ukukuvuza ngekhadi lesipho kwisithuba ozithandayo sepayizithi, isisiseko sakho sokufunda malunga nesihloko asinakuchaphazeleka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqaphela kuba abantu ngamanye amaxesha baya kulindela loo mivuzo.
- Ukudumisa kunokunceda ukwandisa ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukuncoma okulungileyo kunye nempendulo xa abantu benza into engcono xa kuthelekiswa nabanye banokuphucula ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi.
- Isizathu sokungena kwi-Intrinsic siya kuncipha, nangona kunjalo, xa kunikwa umvuzo wangaphandle wokugqiba umsebenzi othile okanye ukwenza umsebenzi ophantsi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba abazali baqhekeza kakhulu indumiso kumntwana wabo rhoqo xa egqiba umsebenzi olula, uya kuba ngumntu ongaphantsi ekukhuthazeni ukwenza loo msebenzi kwixesha elizayo.
Intshukumo ye-Intrinsic ne-Extrinsic Motivation Influence Learning?
Ukukhuthazwa kwe-Extrinsic kunye ne-intrinsic kungadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zokufunda. Ezinye iingcali zithi ukugxininiswa kwendabuko kwimiphumo yangaphandle njengamabanga, amakhadi okunika ingxelo kunye neenkwenkwezi zegolide ziphazamisa naziphi na izizathu ezisemgangathweni ezenziwa ngabafundi. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba aba baququzeleli be-extrinsic basiza abafundi ukuba bazive banakho ngokufanelekileyo eklasini, ngaloo ndlela bakhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi.
Umdla womntu uhlala usaphila xa umvuzo ungasetyenzisiwe okanye ulawule kodwa ukubonisa umsebenzi owenziwe kakuhle, njengalowo "mdlali ophuculweyo kakhulu." Ukuba umvuzo uphazamisa ukuvakalelwa kwakho emva kokwenza umsebenzi omuhle, uvuyo lwakho Umvuzo, olawulwa kakuhle, unokushukumisela ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobuchule.Ukufumana umvuzo omkhulu (ezifana nokufundiswa kwemali, ukuvunyelwa, kunye nemisebenzi edla ngokulandela amanqanaba amabakala) apha ukuhlala, "kuchaza uDavid G. Meyers kwisicatshulwa sakhe I-Psychology: Inkqubela yesine kwiimodyuli .
ILizwi
Nangona i-motivation intrinsic ivame ukubonakala njengento efanelekileyo, zombini ukukhuthazwa kwangaphandle kunye nokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi kubalulekile iindlela zokuziphatha ngokuqhuba. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zinto zingasetyenziselwa ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ezinye zeentlukwano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini zokhuthazo kubandakanye impembelelo enokuthi nganye ibe nayo ekuphatheni.
> Imithombo:
> Myers, DG. I-Psychology: Inkqubela yesine kwiimodyuli. I-New York: AbaPashi Abafanelekileyo; 2010.
> Plotnik, R. & Kouyoumjian. H. Ukusungulwa kwengqondo. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2011.