Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana banzima ukuhlaziya kwiziganeko zobomi.
Nangona abanye abantwana behlala bexhomekeke kwiziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo kunye nezinye iinguqu ezinzulu zobomi, abanye banzima ukuhlaziya. Umntwana obonakalisa utshintsho kwimvakalelo okanye ekuziphatheni emva kwesiganeko sobomi esinokubangela uxinzelelo unokufumana ingxaki yokuguqula.
Ingxaki yokulungiswa kwemeko yimeko yempilo yengqondo engadinga uncedo lochwepheshe. Ngokungenelela okufanelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwezilungiso ngokuqhelekileyo kusabela kakuhle kunyango.
Abantu beeminyaka yonke banokuba neengxaki zokuhlengahlengiswa, kodwa baqheleke kakhulu kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo.
Iingxaki zokulungiswa kwezilungiso
Izilungiso zokulungiswa zibangelwa yimpendulo engafanelekanga yokuxinezeleka. Zininzi iintlobo zeziganeko ezixinzelelekayo ezingakhokelela ekutshintsheni ingxaki kubantwana, kuquka:
- Ukwahlukana: Abantwana abasebenzisana nomtshato basenokungena kutshintsho oluninzi, kubandakanywa utshintsho kwiimeko eziphilayo okanye ukungabikho komzali omnye.
- Ukuhamba: nokuba ingaba yindawo yokuhlala okanye kwindawo yokuhlala kwisixeko esitsha sogqirha, umntwana unokuba nzima ukulungelelanisa utshintsho.
- Ukutshintsha izikolo: Ukuphakanyiswa ukuya phezulu okanye ukungena kwisikolo esitsha kwidolophu kungathetha ukutshintsha kwabahlobo kunye noshintsho olukhulu kumsebenzi wengane.
- Utshintshe kwimpilo: Ingaba ngumntwana ofunyanwe ukuba uyagula okanye ungumzali ohlakulela imeko yempilo, uxinzelelo oludibeneyo lunokuba nzima ukulawula.
Iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo zingaba sisihlandlo esisodwa, njengokufa kwesilwanyana. Kodwa ukulungiswa kwengxaki kunokusuka kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo eziqhubekayo, ezifana nokuxhaphazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo esikolweni.
Akunabo bonke abantwana abafumana iziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo ukuhlakulela ingxaki yokuguqulwa, nangona kunjalo. Yaye yintoni enye umntwana ejonga ngayo ingxaki enokuba yinto eninzi kunomnye.
Ngoko xa omnye umntwana engase ahlakulele ingxaki yokuguqula emva kokuhlukana kwabazali, abanye abantwana abanako.
Kukho imiba emininzi echaphazela ukuba umntwana uhlahlela ingxaki yokulungisa utshintsho emva kwesiganeko esicinezelekileyo, njengengqondo yomntwana kunye namava adlulileyo. Inkqubo enamandla yokweseka kunye nezakhono zokuphikisana okunempilo kunokusebenza njengezinto ezikhuselayo ezinciphisa amathuba okuba umntwana akhulise ingxaki yokulungiswa.
Ulungiso lweengxaki zeengxaki
Kukho iincinci ezininzi zokulungiswa kweengxaki kunye nokuxilongwa kuxhomekeka kwimpawu zomzimba neempawu zomntwana emva kwesiganeko esixinzelelekileyo. Amacandelo athile:
- Ingxaki yokulungiswa kunye nomoya ogxekayo: Umntwana unokubonakalisa ukukhala, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo, iimvakalelo zokuphelelwa ithemba, kunye nokudakumba okukhulu.
- Ingxaki yokulungiswa kunye nokuxhalabisa: Umntwana angabonakala exhalabile kwaye akhathazeke ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo. Ukuxhalabisa kunokubonakalisa ukuxhalabisa-xa umntwana ekhungathekile ngokuhlukana nomnakekeli.
- Ingxaki yokulungiswa kunye nokuxhalaxeka okuxubileyo kunye nokuxinezeleka kwemizimba: Xa umntwana ehlangabezana noxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba, unokufumanisa ukuba unalesi sihloko.
- Ingxaki yokulungiswa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha: Umntwana unokuthi ufumane i-subtype xa ukuziphatha kwakhe kuguquka, kodwa isimo sakhe sengqondo sibonakala sihlala sifana. Unako ukubonisa ukunyaniseka okongezelelweyo okanye unokuqala ukuba okanye ukulwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka okuxutywayo kwemivakalelo kunye nokuziphatha: Umntwana ofumana ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okanye uxhalabo kwaye ubonisa ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuziphatha, unokufumanisa ukuphazamiseka okuxutywayo kwemizwelo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Ingxaki yokulungiswa engachazwanga: Umntwana ofumana ubunzima bokusingatha isiganeko esixinzelelekileyo, kodwa akahambelani ncam na imigaqo yezinye i-subtypes ezinokuthi zifumaniswe nale nxalenye.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuba umntwana wakho ufumene ukuba unengxaki yokulungiswa kwemeko kunye nomoya ogxininisekile, akuthethi ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba 'unesifo sengqondo.' Ngenkcazo yabo, ukuphazamiseka kwezilungiso ziimeko ezinxulumene nokuxininisa ezingahambelani neempendulo ezipheleleyo zesinye isifo sengqondo.
Oku kunokudideka kubazali, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izibonakaliso zeengxaki zohlengahlengiso
Kungenxa yokuba umntwana unenkathazo encinci ukulungelelanisa imeko entsha okanye imeko exinzelelekileyo akuthethi ukuba unesimo sengqondo sokugula ngengqondo. Ukuze ukwazi ukulungelelanisa ingxaki yokulungisa, ukukhubazeka komntwana kufuneka kube ngaphaya kokuya kuthathwa njengesiqhelo kwiimeko.
Ingxaki yokuguqulwa kwengxaki iya kuphazamisa ukusebenza komntwana okanye kwezemfundo. Ukuhla kweebakala, ukukhathazeka ukugcina ubuhlobo, okanye ukungathandi ukuya esikolweni ziyimimiselo embalwa nje. Iintsholongwane zingabonakalisa ukuziphatha okuchasene nentlalo, njengokuchithwa okanye ukuba.
Abantwana abaneengxaki zokuhlengahlengiswa bavame ukuchaza iimpawu zomzimba, ezifana nezithambo kunye neentloko. Iingxaki zokulala kunye nokukhathala kuyafana. Iimpawu kufuneka zivele kwiinyanga ezintathu zesiganeko esichukumisayo.
Kodwa, iimpawu azikwazi ukuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuba umntwana ufumana iimpawu eziqhubekayo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, uya kulungelelaniswa nesifo esithile, njengengxaki yokukhathazeka jikelele okanye ukudandatheka okukhulu.
Kungenzeka ukuba abantwana bafumane imeko ye-comorbid. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana oye wafunyaniswa ukuba une-ADHD okanye inkcaso yokuchasana nayo ingasenokuba neengxaki zokulungiswa emva kwesiganeko esicinezelayo.
Abantwana abaneengxaki zokulungiswa kungase kube seengozini yokuzibulala
Nangona ingxaki yokuguqulwa kwengxaki imfutshane, iyakunzima kakhulu. Iintsholongwane ezifumana iidridi eziphezulu zokuxinzezeleka zisengozini enkulu yokuzibulala.
Phantse i-25 ekhulwini yabantwana abanesifo sengxaki yokuzibulala okanye bazama ukuzibulala. Kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba amantombazana aneengxaki zokuguqulwa zibonisa ukunyamekela kokuzibulala kunokufana namakhwenkwe anokuxilongwa okufanayo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uvakalisa iingcamango malunga nokufuna ukufa okanye wenza nayiphi na imizamo yokuzilimaza, thabatha le meko ngokukodwa. Ungalokothi ucinge ukuba umntwana wakho uyamangalisa okanye uzama ukuqwalasela. Xhumana nodokotela wezilwanyana okanye ingcali yengqondo yengqondo xa umntwana wakho eveza iingcinga zokuzibulala. Ukuba imeko yimeko engxamisekileyo, yaya kwigumbi lakho lezantlupheko.
Ingxaki yokuLungisa ingxaki yokuLungiswa kweMeko yenziwe njani
Ugqirha okanye wengcali yezempilo yengqondo unokufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki. Uvavanyo olubanzi kunye nodliwano-ndlebe nabazali kunye nomntwana zisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
Ugqirha okanye wengcali yezempilo yengqondo uya kubuza imibuzo malunga nomvakalelo womntwana, ukuziphatha, uphuhliso, kunye nesiganeko esixinzekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, utitshala, umnakekeli, okanye omnye umniki-nkonzo unokucelwa ukuba anikezele ngolwazi olungaphezulu.
Ulungiso lwengxaki yongxaki
Uluhlobo lwonyango olungumntwana oluneengxaki zokuguqula izifo luxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, ezifana nobudala bomntwana, ubukhulu beempawu kunye nohlobo lwesiganeko esicinezelekileyo esenzeka.
Umqeqeshi wezempilo uyakudala isicwangciso sonyango ngokwezigqibo ezithile. Xa kuyimfuneko, umntwana angathunyelwa kwezinye iingcali, njengengqondo. Nazi ezinye zonyango eziqhelekileyo ukulungiswa kwengxaki:
- Ulwaphulo lomntu ngamnye: unyango lwabantu ngabanye lunokufundisa izakhono ezifana nokuxazulula iingxaki, ukulawula umgudu, ukulawula umsindo, ukulawula uxinzelelo, kunye noqhagamshelwano.
- Ulwaphulo lweentsapho: Unyango lwentlalo lunokusetyenziswa ukulungisa utshintsho kwiintshukumo zeentsapho kunye nokunceda amalungu omndeni athuthukise unxibelelwano.
- Uqeqesho lwabazali: Uqeqesho lwabazali lunceda abazali ekufundeni izakhono ezintsha ukulungisa iingxaki zokuziphatha. Abazali bangafunda izicwangciso ezintsha zokuziphatha okanye iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubeka imingcele kunye nemiphumo.
- Amachiza : Nangona unyango lunokuba lunokusetyenziswa kwiingxaki zexesha elide, ukuba iimpawu ezinzima, unokwenza umyalelo onokunikezelwa ukulungisa iimpawu ezithile.
- Ulwaphulo lwamaqela: Ulwaphulo lweqela lunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula izakhono zentlalo okanye izakhono zonxibelelwano. Abantwana okanye abancinci banokuzuza ngokuxhaswa ngontanga.
Ukungenelela kwangethuba kunokuba luncedo ekuphatheni ukulungiswa kwengxaki kwaye kunokuthintela ingxaki ukuba ingabi yimeko enzulu kakhulu, njengento yokudakumba okukhulu.
Uphulo luvame ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwizilungiso zokulungiswa. Ukuba umntwana akaphendulanga kakuhle kolunye unyango, umqeqeshi wezempilo yengqondo angazama enye indlela.
Oko Ukwenza Ukuba Ucinga Ngomntwana Wakho Unenkinga Yokulungiswa
Izibonakaliso zengxaki yokulungiswa zingaqalisa ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana wakho angakhononda ngesisu esiswini kunye nokukhala ngokuya esikolweni ngokulandelayo.
Musa ukutshintshintsha utshintsho kwimoya okanye ukuziphatha njengesigaba. Ngaphandle kokungenelela okufanelekileyo, iimpawu zengxaki yokuguqulwa kwamanzi ziya kuba zibi nakakhulu.
Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nomoya okanye ukuziphatha komntwana wakho, cela abanye abanonophelo oko bakubonayo. Utitshala, umboneleli womninimzi, okanye umqeqeshi uya kuba nako ukunika ingqiqo ukuba umntwana wakho unenkinga kwezinye iindawo.
Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwimvakalelo yomntwana okanye ukuziphatha, kwaye utshintsho oludlulileyo ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, cwangcisa ukuqeshwa nomntwana wakho. Yabelana ngeenkxalabo zakho uze uxoxe ngezinto ozikhethayo.
Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukufumana isiganeko esicinezelayo umntwana wakho esikhathazelekileyo, unokuthi abe neengxaki zokulungiswa ngokusekelwe kwisiganeko esenzeka. Mhlawumbi kwenzeka into esikolweni okanye kwindlu yomntu xa wayetyelele. Okanye, isiganeko ongakhange ufumane ukuxinezeleka sinokuba nomthelela omkhulu kuye.
Yaye nangona akuyiyo ingxaki yokuguqula, utshintsho kwimvakalelo yomntwana okanye ukuziphatha kwakho kungabonakalisa enye imeko.
Ugqirha uya kulawula nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo engasemva kweenguqu kwaye ukuba kuqinisekiswe, ukuhanjiswa kungenziwa kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Doherty AM, Jabbar F, Kelly BD, Casey P. Ukwahlula phakathi kokulungiswa kwengxaki kunye nesiganeko esixhaphazayo kwinkqubo yeklinikhi: Indima yobunzima bomntu. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo . 2014; 168: 78-85.
> Ferrer L, Kirchner T. Ukuthambekela kokuzibulala kwisampuli yezilwanyana ezisuka kwiminyaka engama-10 kunye neNgxaki yokuLungiswa: Ukungafani kwesini. Psychiatry epheleleyo . 2014; 55 (6): 1342-1349.
> Pelkonen M, Marttunen M, uHenriksson M, uLonnqvist J. Ingxaki yokuguqulwa komntwana: Iimpawu ezixinzelelekayo kunye neempawu zokuxinezeleka ezingama-89. I-European Psychiatry . 2007; 22 (5): 288-295.
> Strain JJ, Diefenbacher A. Iintlupheko zokulungiswa: izixhobo zokuxilonga. Psychiatry epheleleyo . 2008; > 49 (2): 121-130.