Iminyaka yePakethi yiNqanaba lokuPhila kweeNkcazo zoTywala
Unyaka woPaki?
Umnyaka wePakti igama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza inani lamagarethi omntu otshaye ngaphezu kwexesha.
Umnyaka omnye wokupaka ulingana nama-cigarettes angama-20 aphetshwe ngosuku ngalunye unyaka.
Ngenjongo yaloo kubalwa, ipakethi enye iqulethe ii-cigarettes ezingama-20.
U mzekelo:
Umzekelo # 1: UJoe ubhema iigarethi ezili-10 ngosuku ngeminyaka eyi-10.
Iipakethi ze-1/2 (i-cigarettes ezili-10) ngosuku x 10 iminyaka = iminyaka emithathu yepakethi
Umzekelo # 2: UJim wayebhema iigarethi ezingama-30 ngosuku ngeminyaka engama-26.
Iipakethi eziyi-1 (i-cigarettes ezingama-20) ngemini x iminyaka engama-26 = iminyaka eyi-26 yepakethi
Iigarethi ezili-10 (ipakethe ye-1/2) ngosuku x 26 iminyaka = iminyaka eyi-13 yepakethi
Iminyaka eyi-26 yepakethe + 13 ipaka yeeminyaka = iminyaka engama-39 yepakethi
Umzekelo # 3: UJoshua wayebhema iigarethi ezingama-40 iminyaka engama-42.
Iipakethi ezi-2 (40 iisigaretti) x 42 iminyaka = iminyaka eyi-84 yepakethi
Kuthiwani ngoTywala?
Ukubala kweminyaka yepakethi kujoliswe kumagqabi aqhelekileyo akhiwe. Kuthekani ngotshwala ogqithisiweyo owenzela ukutshaya ugwayi okanye iipayipi?
Oogqirha abasebenzisa ukubala kweminyaka yepakethi izigulane zabo abakwazi ukusebenzisa ifomula efanayo xa ababhemayo basebenzisa icuba ehlambulukileyo. Ngoko, inguqulelo yafunyanwa ngokulinganisa ubunzima becuba kwimigqomo yendabuko kwaye ichaza ukuba ukulahla iteksi. Phantse i-1/2 yelinye icuba elixhatshazayo lilingana nama-cigarettes angama-20.
I-formula elandelayo yaveliswa ukulinganisa iminyaka yokupaka abantu ababhema ukubhema itywala, abadla ngokuba bathetha ukuba bangabhema kangakanani ngeeunces ngeveki:
Ii-ounces ngeveki × 2/7 × inani leminyaka eliphambayo = iminyaka yepakethi
Kukho umahluko phakathi kweentambo ezingcolileyo kunye noogada abaqhelekileyo, umzekelo, ukungabikho kwezihlunu kunye nokwahlukana kwi-tar kunye ne-nicotine ephawulwa ngumntu otshaya, kodwa oogqirha banomuva ukuba ezi zinto azizange ziboniswe zihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwezifo kunye nezifo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo ebuthathakayo isamba soogwayi esetyenziselwa ixesha elide (ipakethi yeminyaka) kwaye le mvavanyo inceda kulo mbandela.
Kutheni iipaki zePakethi zibalulekile
Umlinganiselo omnye womngcipheko wemiphunga wamaphaphu kubabhemayo unxulumene neminyaka emingaphi yepakethi ayibhema. Ukubala, kunye nembali yobudala kunye nokutshaya (okwangoku okanye ukutshaya kwangaphambili oneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-15 engabikho umsi) isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ufanelekile ukuba ahlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga.
Kukho ingxoxo malunga nokuchaneka kokusebenzisa iminyaka yepakethi njengoluvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, nangona kunjalo. Abaphandi banxamnye ukuba umntu otshaya ipakethi ye-cigarettes ngosuku ngeminyaka engama-40 (iminyaka engama-20 epaki), umzekelo, unomngcipheko omkhulu womdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomntu otshaya iipakethi ezimbini ngosuku ngeminyaka eyi-10. . Umonakalo kwimpilo, ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha, uya kuba ngaphantsi kwexesha eli-10 lokuqala ukubhema kunokuba emva kweminyaka engama-40 yokutyhila kwi-carcinogens kwiigarethi.
Iminyaka yokupakisha iyabandakanywa xa ikhangele umngcipheko wesifo se -cardiovascular disease kunye neCOPD , nangona kwakhona, yinto enye yezinto ezininzi ezicatshangelwayo.
Kukhuselekile ukutsho ukuba iminyaka yepakethi iyimilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokutshatyalaliswa kwabantu bonke ababhemayo kunye nabangaphambili ababhemayo baye baba neengxube kwi-cigarettes, kodwa akuyena kuphela umcebisi wezifo ezichaphazela ukutshaya .
Ukuba unomdla wokubala umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, le calculator evela kwi-American Association ye-Thoracic Surgery ibhekisele kwiimeko ezinobungozi. Inokukunceda nabangabikho bunduyi bahlole umngcipheko wabo wesibeletho somphunga.
UkuNqanda ukuShiywa koNcedo
Ukuba ungumtshayi ongathanda ukuyeka, qalisa ngezibonelelo ezingezantsi.
Ukuphuhliswa Kwemisipha Enamandla
Amagunya ukuba abe neSandla Xa Ushiya
Ukuyeka ukutshaya kuyicangcazeliso kubantu abaninzi ababhemayo, kodwa baqhube uloyiko baze bahambe. Akukho xesha elinjalo njengamanje ukuqala ukwakha ubomi obungabikho komsi ophuphayo.
Isiko seSizwe soLwazi lweBiotechnology. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. IBritish Journal of Cancer. Ukuba Iimiphumo zoTshwala kufuneka zilinganiswe kwiPake-Iminyaka: Iingcamango 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405232/. Finyelela ngoFebruwari 2016.
IBritish Medical Journal. "Umnyaka wokupaka" iimbali zokutshaya: kuthekani malunga nezigulane ezisetyenziselwa ukutshaya iteksi? http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/2/141.long. Finyelela ngoFebruwari 2016.