Sonke siyazi ukuba ukutshaya ugwayi kuwonakalisayo kwaye kwimeko ezininzi, ngokubulala, ukubulala isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abangayekanga. Iikhompi ezingaphezu kwama-7000 ziye zachongwa kwiimigare kunye nomsi wesigare kuze kube yimini, ezingama-93 zazo eziyingozi okanye ezinobungozi, kwaye ezingaphezu kwama-70 zazo zingabangela umdlavuza. Ezi zithako kunye nezongezo zichaphazela yonke into ekusebenzeni kwangaphakathi kwamalungu akho ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho womzimba.
Ezinye zeenkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha ngokubhema zingamangalisa.
Izitshizi ezithintekayo kwi-cigarette smoke
Amakhemikhali e-smoke cigarette ayangeniswa kwimiphunga kwaye esuka apho ahambahamba kuwo wonke umzimba, obangela ukulimala ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka:
- I-Nicotine ifinyelela ebuchosheni ngemizuzwana engama-7 ukuya kwe-10 emva kokubanjwa komsi. I-Nicotine ifumaneke kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wokubhema, kuquka ubisi lwebele. Kwakhona njengomlutha njenge heroin.
- I-carbon monoxide , ekhoyo kwi-cigarette smoke, ibopha kwi-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, zikhusela la maseli ukuba athathe yonke i-oksijini ayifanele. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimpawu ze-carbon monoxide.
- Iimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza (i-carcinogens) kwingozi yengqumbo yomsila ebalulekileyo iizakhi ezilawula ukukhula kweeseli, ezibangela ukuba zikhule ngokungavamile okanye zivelise ngokukhawuleza. Iikhompyutheni ezibangelwa ngumhlaza zingaphaya kwama-70 ziye zafunyanwa kumsi wesigare.
- Ukubhema kuthinta indlela umzimba wokhuseleko lokusebenza owenza ngayo ngokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Oku, kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwe-DNA, ukubeka isigaba somhlaza nesifo senhliziyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lukwacatshiswa ukuba luncedo ekugugeni. I-Antioxidants indlela yendalo yokulwa nomonakalo wokuxinzezeleka kwe-oxidative kubangela iiseli zomzimba. Ababhemayo banamachiza omzimba omncinci kwigazi labo kunabangabhemi.
- Ukubhema kuhambelana namazinga aphezulu okuvuvukala okungapheliyo, enye inkqubo eyonakalisa ingabangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.
- Umsi wesigaretti unomnxeba onzima owenzela i-radioactive "stick" kwi-tar eqokelela kwimiphunga yabashushu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kwakha kwaye kukholelwa ukuba yinto ebangela ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubashushu.
Iingozi zezeMpilo eziNxulumene noTshwala
Ababhemayo babhekene nokunyuka okukhulu kwengozi yabo yezifo ezininzi ngaphezu kwabangabhemayo:
- Isifo senhliziyo saseCoronary: 2 ukuya kwii-4
- Isibetho: 2 ukuya kwii-4
- Umngciphe womdlavuza womlenze kumadoda: amaxesha angama-25
- Umngcipheko wesifo somdlavuza wabasetyhini: amaxesha angama-25.7
- Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) -kufa ngokubhekiselele: amaxesha angama-12 ukuya kuma-13
Ukubhema nokuHula
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala yimbangela ebangela ukufa okukhusekileyo kwihlabathi namhlanje. Nazi izibalo zokubhema ugwayi kunye nenani labantu abafayo ukutshaya kubangela:
- EUnited States, ukubhema ugwayi kubangele ama-480,000 ukufa ngonyaka. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga nezigidi ezi-6 ziyafa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwecuba rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye ukuba iimeko ezikhoyo ziyaqhubeka, elo nani kulindeleke ukuba likhule ukuya kwizigidi eziyi-8 ngonyaka we-2030.
- Ukuba akukho mntu utshaya, umdlavuza wokufa e-US wawuya kuhla kweyesithathu.
- Umdlavuza womlenze uyingxaki yesifo; Amadoda angama-90% kunye ne-80% yabasetyhini abanjelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukufa okuhlobene ne-COPD kubangelwa ngokutshaya, kunye ne-90% yalezi zifayo zilandele kwiigayiti.
- Ababhemayo bayafa iminyaka eli-10 kungekudala abangabhemi, ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Abangaphezu kwama-41,000 bafa ngomnyaka ukususela kwimibhobho yomsi.
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kukunyanzelekileyo ukufa kwabantwana baseMelika kunoko konke oku kudibeneyo: Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ukulimala kweenqwelo, ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Imithombo:
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). Iimiphumo zeMpilo yeCigarette Ukubhema. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 15, 2017.
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). I-cigarette Ukubhema kunye nomsindo. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 7, 2015.
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). Ukusetyenziswa koSuku noTuba: Izinto eziqinileyo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 16, 2017.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). Imveliso yoTuba: iicigarettes. Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi 31, 2017.