Izifo eziPhephayo eziPhezulu ezingapheliyo (COPD) ligama elichaza izifo ezinokuphefumula apho i-airways kunye ne-air air bags ( alveoli ) ngaphakathi emaphampini zivinjelwe okanye zonakaliswe. Ezi zifo zi-bronchitis ezingapheliyo kunye ne-emphysema.
Umonakalo weCOPD kwenzeka xa umntu ephefumula kwimiphunga yemiphunga yohlobo oluthile: umsi, amachiza, ukungcola, uthuli.
Isiphumo siphumelele ukuphefumula ngenxa yokungabi ncitshiswa kwe-oksijeni eyenza igazi.
Indlela Imilenze Yethu Esebenza ngayo
Ngaphakathi emiphakeni yethu ibonakala ngathi imithi ephantsi, kunye neentonga eziphezulu, zinyathela phantsi kwamasebe amancinci. Kwiiphelo zamasebe, kukho iininzi zamathambo ezincinane ezijikelezayo. Abantu abaphilileyo, iindlela eziya kwiisaka zicacile kwaye zivulekile. Iingxowa ziyi-bouncy kwaye zinamandla. Xa sithatha umoya, izigxoba zizalisa njengeebhaluni ezincinane kwaye ziphephe xa siphefumula.
Iindonga zala mabhasi amancinci avumela i-oksijini evela emoyeni esiphefumulayo ukuba sidlulele kwaye singene egazini. Ngokufanayo, inkunkuma yegesi ye-carbon dioxide iyadlula kwiindonga ezivela kwigazi kunye nasemzimbeni wethu xa siphumelela.
Emiphakeni ngeCOPD, i-airways ivinjiwe ngokukodwa, kwaye iipoksi zomoya ziyi-floppy kwaye zingaphandle kohlobo ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiibhoksi zomsi wesigare . Xa umntu ephefumula, izigxoba azizalisi kakuhle, zibangele ukuphefumula okufutshane.
Enye okanye zonke ezi zinto zingenzeka ngaphakathi kwimiphunga:
- I-airways kunye neengxowa zomoya zilahlekelwe ukunyuka kwazo njengebhanki endala yerabha.
- Iindonga phakathi kweendidi ezininzi ziye zatshatyalaliswa.
- Iindonga ze-airways ziba ziqhambuka
- Iiseli kwi-airways zenza i-mucus ngaphezulu (i-sputum) kunye ne-airways ibe yinkcaso.
I-Chronicon bronchitis iyenzeka xa i-airways igxeka kwaye iyancipha ngokugqithisa. Isiphumo siba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo onokuvelisa i-phlegm, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
I-Emphysema ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko ezininzi kunye neendonga eziphakathi kweengxowa zomoya zonakaliswa, ziyahlukana zibe zizikhwama ezinkulu kunye nezimbalwa. Ezi zikhwama ezinkulu zinendawo engaphantsi kokutshintshwa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide kunezona zincinci. Ukuchithwa kakubi kwe-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide kubangela ukuphefumula okufutshane. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubela phambili, abaninzi abantu badinga i-oxygen ebhodini eyongezelelweyo ukuze babancedise.
Abantu abaneCOPD banamathuba omabini kunye ne-emphysema. Abaninzi bayabhema okanye babeshushu. Uninzi lwabantu aluqala ukubonakalisa iimpawu de kube uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona umonakalo obangelwa yi-emphysema unaphakade, ukungenelela kwangaphambili (ukuyeka ukutshaya) emva kokuxilongwa kunokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili okanye ukuyeka ukulimala.
Iimpawu
- Isiqhamo
- Mucus production
- Ukuphefumula, ingakumbi ngokuzivocavoca
- Ukugubha (ukukhwela okanye ukukhwaza ingxolo) xa uphefumula
- Ukuqina kwisifuba
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu engentla apha yeCOPD, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho. Ekuqaleni esi sifo sifumaneka kwaye siphathwe, bhetele.
Unyango
Ukuba ufumene ukuba ukhona neCOPD, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha ezikhoyo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko enzima ngayo iimpawu zakho. Unyango lunako kwaye luphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu abaninzi. Nangona isifo singaphenduki, sinokuphuculwa kwaye kuthathwa amanyathelo okuphucula ukuphefumla.
Unyango luquka:
- Bronchodilators. Ama- bronchodilator amancinci amancinci ama-4 ukuya kwi-6 iiyure nganye kunye neyasetyenziswa kwisiseko esifanelekileyo. I- bronchodilators ende ehlala ixesha elide malunga neeyure eziyi-12 kwaye isetyenziswe imihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yokuba i-bronchodilators iyakhutshwa, iyeza liya ngqo kwimiphophu, apho kufuneka khona.
- Inhaled glucocorticosteroids i-steroids enikezelwe kwezinye izigulane zeCOPD ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-airways. Ugqirha unokubanika iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 kuqala ukuba zibone ukuba zincedo.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwePulmonary program yenkqubo yokusebenzisana, ukululekwa kwezifo kunye nokuqeqesha ukulungiselela umntu ukuba achukumise ngakumbi kwaye enze oko akunako ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kweempawu.
- Ukunyangwa kwe-oksijeni kusetyenziswa xa isigulane sinempawu ezinzulu zeCOPD, eyaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kweli nqanaba njenge-emphysema. Izinga le-oksijini egazini liphantsi kakhulu, elibangele ukuphefumla. Ukufakelwa kwe-oksijeni kuya kunceda ukwandisa i-oksijeni, ephucula ukuphefumula. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno yomntu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukusebenzisa i-oksijini ngenxalenye yosuku, okanye lonke ixesha.
- Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lunconywa xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingazange zinike naluphi na uncedo.
Iimpawu zeCOPD zinokugqithisa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Xa kwenzeka oko, abantu banokufumanisa ukuba ukuphefumula kuya kuba nzima kunzima; banokufumana umkhuhlane kunye namava okukhwehlela ngakumbi kunye ne-sputum ezitshintshile imibala. Qiniseka ukuba ungene kumgca wakho ugqirha ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuwe.
Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na le mpawu, khangela uncedo olungxamisekileyo:
- Unenkathazo yokuthetha okanye ukuhamba
- Unesimo senhliziyo esheshayo okanye esingaqhelekanga
- Imilomo yakho okanye iminwe yakho imhlophe okanye iluhlaza
- Ukuphefumula kwakho kukhawuleza kwaye kunzima, nangemva kokuba usebenzisa amayeza akho
Ukuba unayo i-COPD, ingcinga efanelekileyo yokuhlanganisa uluhlu olubandakanya amanani akho ugqirha kunye nesibhedlele, kunye neyiphi imithi oyithathayo. Qinisekisa ukuba unamanani abantu abangakuhambisa kudokotela, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Beka olu luhlu kwindawo ephakathi, njengefriji. Vumela amanye amalungu entsapho azi ukuba kukho.