UDaniel G. Amen, MD, ungumntwana kunye nomdala wezifo zengqondo, ingqondo yesikhombisi yengqondo nuclear, kunye neNew York Times umbhali ongcono. Iincwadi zakhe zibandakanya ukuphulukiswa komhlaba okuya kuPhilisa ADD: Inkqubo yokuPhukisa okukuvumela ukuba ubone nokuPhulukisa iindidi ze-ADD , eyapapashwa ngo-2013.
UDkt Amen naye ungumsekeli we-10 e-Ameni ekliniki e-United States.
Kulezi kliniki, izigulane zinokukhishwa kweengcingo ze-photon (SPECT) ze-computer ze-tomography (SPECT) ukuze zihlolisise uhlobo lokunqongophala / ukungabikho komsebenzi (ADHD) abanalo, okubenza bakwazi ukufumana unyango olujoliswe kuyo. I-scan SPECT ibonisa indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo ingqondo.
I-Standard Standard Indlela yokuchonga i-ADHD
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya nokuxilongwa kwe- ADHD ezisetyenziswa ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo e-United States kukuba kusetyenziswe imigaqo-nkqubo esekwe kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatisatisti yeengxaki zengqondo (DSM), echaza ezintathu iintetho ze-ADHD:
- Inkcazo-ukusilela / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuhanjiswa okuhlangeneyo
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukungenakulinganisela
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukungabikho kokuxhalabisa, okuyiyona nto ingabonakaliyo
Ameni Uchongwe iindidi ze-ADD
Ukusebenzisa izicwangciso ze-SPECT kumawaka ezigidi ezigulane, uDkt. Amen uye wafumanisa iintlobo ezisixhenxe ze-ADD.
UDkt Amen usebenzisa igama elithi ADD, kunokuba i-ADHD, njengoko evakalelwa ukuba i-ADD ibonakalisa ngakumbi imeko.
Xa umntu efunyaniswe ukuba ene-ADD yohlobo, uDkt Amen usebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithi yonyango, isongezelelo, kunye neenguqu zokuphila ukunyanga le meko. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-ADD luneengcebiso zonyango.
I-Neuroimaging in Psychiatry
I-neuroimaging esebenzayo, njenge-SPECT ukuskena, ithathwa njengesixhobo esinceda abaphandi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni i-neurocircuitry (umsebenzi kwingqondo) yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaqhelekileyo beengqondo abakholelwa ukuba bayindlela echanekileyo yokusebenzisa ukuxilongwa rhoqo kwekliniki. Abagxeki bebango likaDkt Amen ukuba usebenzisa izikripthi zokuxhasa ukuthengiswa kweenkqubo kunye neemveliso zakhe.
Iintlobo ze-Amen ze-ADD
UDkt Amen amacandelo athile e-ADHD kunye neepakethi zakhe zeengcebiso azihlanganisi ngokubanzi kwaye zibonakalise izinto ezikhethileyo. Ngale mijelo, nango uDkt Amen iintlobo ze-ADD kunye neengcebiso zakhe zonyango:
Uhlobo lwe-Classic ADD (ADHD)
Iimpawu zibandakanya ukungaboni kakuhle, ukuphazamiseka, ukungazilungelelanisi, ukuxhatshazwayo, ukungazinzi, kunye nokungachukumisi. Ukuziqhelanisa kungabangela ingxaki.
Abantu abane-ADD ye-classic banciphise ukuhamba kwegazi kwingingqi yengqondo ye-prefrontal cortex, i-cerebellum kunye ne-basal ganglia. I-basal ganglia inceda ukuvelisa i-dopamine.
Injongo yonyango ukunyusa amazinga e-dopamine ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Nokuba usebenzisa iyeza ezivuselelayo, ezifana ne-Adderall® okanye i-Concerta®, okanye usebenzisa i-supplementary supplements, ezifana neRhodiola, itiye eluhlaza, okanye i-ginseng. I-amino acid i-L-tyrosine iphinda isetyenziswe, njengoko isakhiwo sakhiwo se-dopamine.
- Ukuzivocavoca kukhuthazwa kuba kukhuthaza i-dopamine.
- I- oil supplement supplement ephezulu kwi-omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) kunye ne-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Umzekelo, umlinganiselo we-60:40 uphakanyiswa.
- Ukutya okuphakamileyo kwiprotheyini kunye nezantsi kwi-carbohydrates kukhuthazwa.
Uluhlu 2. Ukunyaniseka kwe-ADD
Iimpawu zibandakanya ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nokuphazamiseka lula (kodwa kungabonakaliyo), ucebile kwaye uhamba ngokukhawuleza, unesizathu esincinci. Abantu abane-ADD abangenakunyameko badla ngokuchazwa njengendawo ye-cadets, abahamba phambili, kunye neetitebhisi zokulala. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe kwaye luvame ukufunyanwa kamva ebomini kuba aba bantu abanalo iingxaki zokuziphatha.
Abantu abane-ADD abangenakulinganisa banciphise umsebenzi kwi-correx ye-prefrontal kunye namazinga aphantsi e-dopamine. Unyango lufana noLuhlu 1.
Uhlobo lwe-ADD
I-ADD engapheliyo iquka iimpawu ze-ADD zakudala, kunye neengxaki zokutshintsha ingxaki, ngokuhlala zixhomekeke kwizikhonkwane zeengcamango ezingathandekiyo okanye ukuziphatha, ukugqithisela, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ukungaziphathi kakuhle, kunye nokuziphatha okuphikisanayo nokuphikisana.
Abantu abane-ADD abangapheliyo banokusilela kwe-serotonin kunye ne-dopamine. Injongo yonyango kukunyusa zombini la ma-neurotransmitters, i-system ye-nervous's chemicals messengers. UDkt. Amen uchaza ukuba kuba abantu abanolu hlobo lwe-ADD banokukhathazeka ngakumbi kwaye bexhala xa bethatha imithi ekhuthazayo, uzama ukuxhaswa kuqala. Uyalela imishanguzo kuphela xa izongezelelo zingasebenzi. Unyango luquka:
- Izibonelelo zisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa i-dopamine, njengeL-tryptophan. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, i-amino acid eyenziwa ngokwemvelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-5-HTP, isetyenziselwa ukuxhatshazwa. Ezinye izongezo ziquka i-safari kunye ne-inositol, eyandisa ukugxila kunye nokucaca kwengqondo.
- Imizekelo yamachiza e-Antidepressant i-Effexor®, i-Pristiq®, okanye i-Cymbalta®.
- I-neurofeedback iphinda ikhuthazwe. Ifundisa abantu ukulawula umsebenzi wabo wengqondo.
- Abantu abanalo luhlobo lwe-ADD ababenzi kakuhle kwi-protein ephakamileyo yokutya njengoko kungenza ukuziphatha okuthethileyo.
Uhlobo 4. I-Lobe YE-Temporal ADD
Olu hlobo lubandakanya iimpawu ze-ADD zakudala kunye kunye nokucaphukisa, ukukhawuleza kunye nobudlova, kunye neengcamango ezimnyama, ukungazinzekanga, kunye ne-paranoia emnene. Abantu abanolu hlobo banokubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekho kwaye iingxaki zokufunda kunye nenkumbulo zikhona.
Abantu abane-lobe ze-ADD zineentsilelo zabo kwi-lobes zabo zesikhashana kunye nomsebenzi ongaphantsi kwi-prefrontal cortex inxalenye yengqondo.
Injongo yonyango kukunciphisa umsebenzi we-neuronal kwaye umise amangqamuzana omnxeba ukuba angadluli okanye atshayele ingozi. Unyango luquka:
- I-amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ukunceda ukuzinzisa iisensi zegazi.
- Ukongezwa kwe-magnesium kunceda ngokuxhalabisa.
- Imithi ye-Anticonbulsant inokunceda ukuzinzisa imimoya.
- I-Gingko okanye i-vinpocetine inokukunceda ngemicimbi yokufunda nokukhumbula.
- Isidlo se ketogenic, esikutya okuphezulu kwiprotheni, sinokucetyiswa.
Uhlobo 5. I-Limbic ADD
Olu hlobo luquka iimpawu ze-ADD zakudala kunye nokudabuka okungapheliyo kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kodwa kungekhona ukuxinezeleka. Ukungahambi kakuhle, i-glass-half-empty-syndrome, "amandla aphantsi, ukuvakalelwa kwithemba kunye nokungazithembi, ezinye iimpawu zolu hlobo.
Abantu abanesigxina se-ADD banomsebenzi ogqithiseleyo kwicandelo lesigxina sengqondo, apho iimoya zilawulwa khona. Banciphise umsebenzi kwi-correx ye-prefrontal kokubili xa ukhulula okanye ugxila kumsebenzi. Unyango luquka:
- I-DL-phenylalanine (i-DLPA), i-L-tyrosine, kunye ne-SAMe (i-S-adenosylmethionine) yizona zongezelelo ezifanelekileyo.
- I-anti-depressant, i-Wellbutrin® okanye i-imipramine, inokumiselwa.
- Ukuxilongwa, ioli yeentlanzi kunye nokutya okufanelekileyo kuyacetyiswa kwakhona.
- Ukutya kokunciphisa, apho ubisi, iswekile, ingqolowa, kunye nengqolowa kupheliswa ekudleni kweiveki ezintathu, kuya kunceda ukuba umntu ukuba analo ukukhathazeka kokutya.
Uhlobo 6. I-Ring of Fire ADD
Le ngongoma ephezulu kakhulu ye-Classic ADD, kunye kunye nokuphelelwa kancinci, inomsindo , inomsindo , kunye nokunyamekela ingxolo, ukukhanya, iimpahla kunye nokuthintela. Abantu abanolu hlobo bahlala bexakeka, bathetha ngokunyanisekileyo, bachasene, kwaye banomdla.
Abantu abanomphelo womlilo ADD banengqondo engaphezulu. Kukho ubuninzi obuninzi bomsebenzi kwi-cortex ye-cerebral kunye nezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Unyango luquka:
- Ukuqala ngokutya kokunciphisa xa kubonakala ukutya kokutya kokutya kunokuba khona.
- Izikhuthazo zodwa zikwazi ukwandisa iimpawu. I-GABA, i-5-HTP, kunye ne-L-tyrosine izongezelelo zinceda ukwandisa iGABA kunye namazinga e-serotonin.
- Amachiza anokumiselwayo anticonbulsant kunye neyeza legazi njengama-guanfacine okanye i-clonidine ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazeka.
Uhlobo 7. Uxhala lokuxhalabisa
Ukuxhalabisa KUNYE ukuquka iimpawu ze-ADD zakudala kunye nokuziva uxhalabile kwaye uxinzelelekile, iimpawu zoxinzelelo zomzimba ezinjengeentloko kunye ne-stomachache, iqhwa xa ziimeko ezibangele ukuxhalaba, nokulindeleke ngakumbi.
Abantu abane-ADD abanenkxalabo banamazinga aphezulu emisebenzi kwi-basal ganglia, enceda ekwenzeni i-dopamine. Oku kwahluke kwiininzi zezinye iintlobo ze-ADD, ezinomsebenzi ophantsi kule nxalenye yengqondo.
Injongo yokonyango kukunceda ukuphucula nokunyusa amaGABA kunye namazinga e-dopamine. Unyango luquka:
- Izibonelelo ezinomphumela wokuthoba, njengoL-isanine, relora, magnesium, kunye ne-basil engcwele.
- Izikhuthazo ezithatyathwe zona zingabangela ukuxhalabisa okungakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza anceda ukuxhalabisa i-tricyclic antidepressants imipramine okanye i-desipramine.
- I-Neurofeedback inokukunceda ukunciphisa uxhala kunye nokuzinza i-prefrontal cortex.
Ukuba neeninzi kunomnye Uhlobo luqhelekileyo
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neyodwa kulezi ntlobo ze-ADD. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa okuqhelekileyo kukugqithisileyo, iimbumba kunye neentsholongwane.
UDkt Amen ukholelwa ukuba ukuqonda ukuhlukana kunye nobunzima bezona zihlomelo ezisixhenxe zivumela ukuxilongwa ngempumelelo nangonyango kubantwana nakubantu abadala abane-ADHD.
ILizwi
Njalo qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na inguqu kwinyanga yakho. Kufuneka azi ukuba zonke izongezelelo kunye namayeza owenzayo ukuze uqaphele ukusebenzisana okanye iingxaki ngezinye iimeko onokuzenza.