I-Muller-Lyer i-illusion i-illusion illusion eyaziwa ngokubanzi apho imigca emibini yobude obufanayo ibonakala ibe yabude obude. Ukholo lwaqala lwadalwa ngumbhali weengqondo waseJamani ogama linguFranz Carl Muller-Lyer ngowe-1889.
Ingaba ubona ntoni?
Kulo mfanekiso ungentla, yeyiphi umgca ibonakala ixesha elide? Kwabaninzi abantu, umgca ngemigodi yentloko ejikelezayo ebonakala ngathi iyona inde kakhulu ngelixa umgca ngeentsimbi zokutsala ezikhomba iingaphakathi zibonakala zifutshane.
Ngoxa amehlo akho anokukuxelela ukuba umgca phakathi phakathi kwezona zinto zide kakhulu, iifom zombini zombini zibude obufanayo.
Okokuqala efunyenwe ngo-1889 yiC FC Muller-Lyer, ukukhwabanisa kuye kwaba yintando enkulu kunye neengcamango ezahlukeneyo ziye zavela ukucacisa le nto.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani?
Iingcamango zengqondo zinokuzonwabisa kwaye zinomdla kodwa zisebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaphandi. Ngokujonga indlela esiyiqonda ngayo le ngcamango, sinokufunda okungakumbi malunga nendlela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yokuqonda isebenza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azivumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi malunga nento ebangela ukuba kubekho iingcamango ezibonakalayo, njengokuba kunjalo ne-Muller-Lyer.
IsiCwangciso seNkcazo yeSininzi
Ngokwenzululwazi yengqondo uRichard Gregory, le ngcamango ibangelwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kokulingana kwangoko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ubukhulu becala buvumela ukuba sibone izinto ngendlela echanekileyo ngokuthatha ibanga.
Kwihlabathi elinesithathu, lo mgaqo usivumela ukuba siqonde umntu omude njengokuba ubude nokuba bemi kufuphi nathi okanye bekude kude. Xa sisebenzisa lo mgaqo mnye kwizinto ezimbini, ubuGregory ubonisa, iimpazamo zingabangela.
Abanye abaphandi baphikisana ukuba ingcaciso kaGregory ayichazi ngokwaneleyo le ngcamango.
Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinguqulelo ze-Muller-Lyer i-illusion zisebenzisa izibonda ezimbini ekupheleni kwe-shaft. Nangona kungekho ziqulatho ezinzulu, ukukhwabanisa kusekhona. Kuye kwabonakaliswa ukuba ukukhwabanisa kunokwenzeka nakubonayo izinto ezintathu.
Inkcazo yeCaint Cue Explanation
Ubunzulu bunendima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwethu ukugweba umgama. Enye inkcazo ye-Muller-Lyer ingcamango kukuba ubuchopho bethu bubona ubunzulu beengqungquthela zombini ezisekelwe kwiingcamango ezinzulu. Xa iifom zikhomba kwi-shaft yomgca, siyazibona nje ngokuba zihamba njengekona yesakhiwo. Olu calulo olunzulu lusishukumisela ukuba sibone loo mgca nje ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ngoko mfutshane.
Xa iifom zikhomba ngaphandle ngaphandle komgca, zibukeka njengekona legumbi lokungena kumbukeli. Olu calulo olunzulu lusishukumisela ukuba sikholwe ukuba lo mgca usondele kwaye ngoko ke.
Iinkcazo eziphikisanayo
Enye inkcazelo ephakanyiswe yiRH Day ibonisa ukuba inkohlakalo ye-Muller-Lyer ivela ngenxa yeengcamango eziphikisanayo. Ukukwazi kwethu ukuqonda ubude bemigca kuxhomekeke kubude obude bomgca ngokwawo kunye nobude obude bomfanekiso.
Ekubeni ubude bomlinganiselo omnye bude ngaphezu kobude bomigqa ngokwabo, kubangela ukuba umgca kunye neempuphu ezijongene nazo zibonwe zide.
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon bathetha ukuba ukukhwabanisa kubonisa indlela ubuchopho bujonga ngayo ingcamango malunga nobude kunye nobukhulu kunanoma yini enye.
"Uninzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo zingabonakala ngempumelelo ngenxa yokuba zixhomekeke ekubeni ingqondo yomntu iyayicinga njani inkcazelo ngolu hlobo, ukuba le ngcamango ingabamba ingqwalasela ngale ndlela, oko kubonisa ukuba ubuchopho buya kuqhuba ezi zinto zibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingacacanga. Iingcamango zimelela oko kubonakala ngathi ubuchopho bethu, "kuchaza umphandi uDkt. Michael Proulx.
Khangela ezinye iingcamango ezikhangayo:
Imithombo:
> Usuku. RH (1989). Iimpawu zendalo kunye nezixhobo, ukutshatyalaliswa kweengcamango kunye nesiseko sengqiqo yokuqonda. Ku-D. Vickers & PL Smith (i-Eds.), Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi ngabantu: Amanyathelo kunye neendlela . North Holland, eNetherlands: i-Elsevier Science.
DeLucia, P., & Hochberg, J. (1991). Iingcamango zejometri kwizinto eziqinileyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokujonga. Ukuqonda kunye neengqondo, i-50, 547-554.
UGregory, uRL (1966) Iliso kunye nengqondo . ENew York: McGraw-Hill.
Proulx, MJ & Green, M. (2011). Ingaba ubukhulu obubonakalayo bubambelela kwingqwalaselo ebonakalayo? Ubu bungqina obuvela kuMüller-Lyer. Umbhalo weMboniso, 11 (13), i- doi: 10.1167 / 11.13.21