Abantu bakhumbula izinto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inkumbulo yekhonkco ibandakanya imemori yezinto ezibonakalayo. Yindlela umchopho ukhumbula ngayo umfanekiso owubonayo kwihlabathi elikujikelezile. Umzekelo, jonga into ekhoyo kwigumbi okhoyo ngoku, uze uvale amehlo akho uze ukhangele into loo nto. Umfanekiso "uyakubona" engqondweni yakho imemori yakho ye-iconic yaloo mboniso.
Imemori yekhonkco inxalenye yenkqubo yememori ebonakalayo equka imemori yesikhathi eside kunye nememori yexesha elifutshane. Luhlobo lweememori zengqondo ezihlala zifutshane kakhulu ngaphambi kokukhawuleza. Inkumbulo ye-Iconic icingelwa ukuba ihlale nje i-millisecond ngaphambi kokunyamalala.
Igama lezithonjana libhekisela kwibonakaliso, ebonisa ukubonakaliswa okanye umfanekiso.
Imizekelo yeNcon Memory
Ujonge ngaphaya kwefowuni yomhlobo njengoko epheqa nge-Facebook newsfeed. Uyabona into ngokukhawuleza uyigqithise, kodwa ungagcina amehlo akho uze ukhangelele umfanekiso wento ngokufutshane.
Uvuka ebusuku ukuze uphuze amanzi kwaye uphendule ikhitshi. Phantse ngoko nangoko, i-bulb iyatshisa iphinde ikushiye ebumnyameni, kodwa unokucinga ngokufutshane ukuba igumbi libukeka njani ukusuka kwinqanaba owakwazi ukuyifumana.
Uqhubela ekhaya ngobunye ubusuku xa udaka lubophe ngaphaya kwendlela phambi kwakho.
Unokuzijonga ngokukhawuleza umfanekiso wesondlo ehamba ngeendlela ezikhanyiswa zizibane zakho.
Umsebenzi weMemori kwiNguquko
Imemori ye-Iconic ikholelwa ukuba ibambe iqhaza ekutshintsheni ukungaboni , okanye ukungaphumeleli ukufumana utshintsho kwizinto ezibonakalayo. Kwimvavanyo, abaphandi baye babonisa ukuba abantu bayalwela ukufumana ukungafani kwezi zimbini ezibonakalayo xa bephazamiseka ngethuba elifutshane.
Abaphengululi bacacisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka okufutshane kususa imemori yecacific, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuthelekisa nokubona utshintsho.
Iingcaphephe zeSperling kwi-Memory Memory
Ngo-1960, uGeorge Sperling wenza iimvavanyo ezenzelwe ukubonisa ubukho bememori yokubona. Kwakhona unomdla ekuhloliseni amandla kunye nobude balo hlobo lokukhumbula. Kwimvavanyo ye-Sperling, wabonisa uluhlu lweencwadi kwikhompyuter kwikhomphathi. Ezi ncwadi zabonakala kuphela kwesikrini kwiqhezu yesibini, kodwa izifundo zazikwazi ukubona ubuncinane ezinye zeeleta. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abakwazi ukuchonga iileta ezingaphezulu kwezine okanye ezintlanu.
Iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziphakanyisiwe ukuba inkqubo yokubonwa ngabantu iyakwazi ukugcina ulwazi nokuba i-exposure imfutshane kakhulu. Isizathu sokuba unobumba obuncinane lunokukhunjulwa, Ukucetyiswa kwe-Sperling, kukuba le ndlela yeememori injalo.
Kwimvavanyo eyongezelelweyo, u-Sperling wanikezela iinkcazo zokunceda ukukhumbuza iinkumbulo zeeleta. Iileta zenziwe ngemigca, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba bakhumbule kuphela imigangatho ephezulu, ephakathi okanye ephantsi. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakwazi ukukhumbula iincwadi ezenziwe ngokulula, zibonisa ukuba ukulinganiselwa kwalo hlobo lwememori ebonakalayo ekhusela ukuba sikhumbule zonke iileta.
Siyabona kwaye sibhalisa kubo, u-Sperling ukholelwa, kodwa iinkumbulo ziphela ngokukhawuleza ukuba zikhunjulwe.
Ngowe-1967, isazi sengqondo se-Ulric Neisser sabhala le fomu yokukhumbula imemori ngokukhawuleza njengememori yeempawu.
> Umthombo:
> Rensink RA. Imida ekusebenziseni imemori yeempawu. Umda weeNgqondo . 2014; 5. i-doi: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2014.00971.