Kwiingcamango zokufunda ezentlalo , imodeli yokuziphatha imbonakaliso echanekileyo yokuziphatha okufunayo. Ngokomxholo othi, asifundanga nje ngokukwenza kodwa ngokujonga abanye abakwenzayo. Kwimeko yokwelapha, ukulandelelaniswa kokuziphatha kunenjongo kwaye kulungile, ukufundisa abaklayenti iindlela eziphilileyo zokuziphatha. Kodwa ukuziphatha ngendlela yokuziphatha kungaba nombi, njengomzali odlulayo ngendlela yokuphatha abanye okanye umhlobo ofundisa umntwana ukuba asebenzise iziyobisi.
Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ekuncedeni abathengi batshintshe ukuziphatha okungekho ngaphambili.
Indlela yokuLungisa indlela yokuPhatha iPhobias
UAlbert Bandura wayengumgqirha wezengqondo owafumanisa indlela indlela yokuziphatha eya kunceda ngayo abantu ukuba banqobe i-phobias. Ekusebenzeni kwakhe nabantu abane- snake phobias , i-Bandura yafumanisa ukuba xa izigulane zibona abanye abaye banqokola ukwesaba okufanayo ukuphatha izinyoka, izigulane zangoku zifumene ukufumana uncedo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokukholisa nokujonga isazi sengqondo sokusingatha inyoka, i-Bandura ifumene indlela yokuziphatha ngokusetyenziswa kwezigulana zangaphambili zisebenza kakuhle.
Indlela yokuziphatha imodeli isetyenziswe ngokuphumelelayo ukuphatha abantu abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo, kwiinkathazo ezixhalabisayo ukuya kwintlungu yokuxinwa kwengxaki, emva kokuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokutya . Kufunyenwe ukuba yinkqubela ngokukhethekileyo kunyango lwee- phobias ezahlukeneyo.
Ufana nolunye unyango lwe-phobias olubizwa ngokuba yi-désensitization echanekileyo, indlela yokuziphatha imisa isigulane sendawo yokuziphatha kwisimo okanye imeko esoyikayo, nangona kunjalo, ukujamelana nakho kufumana omnye umntu kunokuba isigulane ngokwakhe.
Xa ufaka umzekelo uphendule kwi- phobia ngokuphumla kunokuba ukwesaba, isigulane sinomxholo wesalathiso sokuxelisa loo mpendulo. Ngokwemfundiso, isiguli siya kukwazi ukudlulisa le mpendulo entsha kwiimeko zangempela-zobomi.
Iinzuzo kunye nokulinganiselwa koMboniso wokuziphatha
Xa zisetyenziselwa yedwa, ukulandelelana kokuziphatha kuye kwafunyanwa ngempumelelo ekufundeni kwexesha elifutshane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphatha ngendlela yokuzimela yodwa kunokungenakwenzeka ukuvelisa ukuguquka kwexesha elide ngaphandle kokuba kudibene nomdlalo wendima kunye nokuqiniswa njengemivuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kunye ngokulandelelana, imodeli, umdlalo, kunye nokuqiniswa kuphucula ukuphumelela kwale nyirha.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iimeko ziye zaboniswa ukwandisa ukusebenza kobuchwephesha bokuziphatha. Ezi ziquka:
- Iimodeli ezi: zakhono kakhulu ekusebenzeni ukuziphatha; thandeka okanye zifudumala kwaye zinobubele; ngokwesini kunye nobudala obufanayo; kwaye wavuzwa ngokukhawuleza ngokusebenza komsebenzi othile.
- Ukuziphatha okujoliswe kuyo: zibonakalise ngokucacileyo kwaye zibandakanya iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezingadingekile; zinikezelwe ukusuka kumgangatho omncinci wokuziphatha kumgangatho onzima kakhulu; kwaye yenziwe ngamanqaku athile ahlukeneyo.
Enye yezobugcisa phakathi kwabaninzi
Indlela yokuziphatha yokuziphatha isistim esisodwa esisetyenziselwa ukuzama ukunceda izigulane ezineziphobias kunye nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo. Xa ingafezekanga impendulo oyifunayo okanye utshintsho, izigulana kufuneka zikhuthazwe ukuba zizame iindlela ezahlukeneyo, iindlela okanye amayeza ukuba bancede banqobe ukwesaba kwabo. Zininzi ezinye iindlela zokuguqula iindlela zokuziphatha ezikhoyo kwaye ezinye ziphumelele kwizigulane ezithile.