Ukususela Ekuziphatheni Kwimiqondo Yengqondo
Inkolelo yokufunda yinkcazelo ebanzi equka iikhosi ezininzi zokuziphatha ezisekelwe kwinkqubo yokufunda. Inkolelo yokufunda ixhomekeke kumsebenzi ka-Ivan Pavlov, owayekwazi ukuqeqesha izinja ukuba zenze umsindo ngeentsimbi.
Ukuziphatha
Ukuziphatha kuyingcamango yokufunda ezama ukuchazela ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nezimpendulo ngokuziphatha okufundayo.
Le ngcamango yavela ku-Ivan Pavlov kunye nenkolelo yakhe eyaziwa ngokuba yimeko yeklasi . Ukutyalwa kweenja kwakuyindlela yokuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo phambi kwenyama. Ngokudibanisa ukuboniswa kwenyama ngokubethelwa kwentsimbi, uPavlov wakwazi ukunyanzela izinja ukuba ziphendule kwi-stimulus entsha (intsimbi). Ekugqibeleni, izinja zazincama xa ziva intsimbi, nangona inyama yayingekho.
UBF Skinner wachaza kwi-theory yePavlov. Umsebenzi wakhe uqalise imimiselo yokusebenza . Kwimeko yokusebenza, ukuziphatha okuqinisekisiwe kuyaqhubeka, ngoxa ukuziphatha okujeziswayo okanye kungaqinisekisiwe kugqityiwe ekugqibeleni.
Bobabini ukuqiniswa kunye nezohlwayo zi nokuba zibi okanye zithembele, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba umvuzo ontle okanye ongenakunikwa unikwa okanye uthathwe. Namhlanje, ukuqiniswa kubonakala kusebenza ngakumbi kunesijeziso ekuguquleni ukuziphatha.
Ingcamango yeCognitive
Iingcamango ezinengcamango zijolise kwiingcamango zomntu njengento ebalulekileyo yokuzivelela kunye neempawu zakhe.
Iimpendulo zethu zenza ingqiqo ngaphakathi kwimbono yethu yehlabathi. Ngoko ke, ngokweengcamango engqondweni, kubalulekile ukutshintsha iingcinga kunye neenkolelo zomntu ukuze utshintshe iimpawu zakhe. Ukucwangciswa kolwazi yindlela le nkqubo yengqondo ichazwa ngayo ngokubhekiselele kuma-phobias.
Ngokutsho kwengcamango engqondweni, iimpendulo ezingenangqiqo zibangelwa iingcamango ezizenzekelayo kunye neenkolelo eziphosakeleyo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwengcamango kuyindlela yokusetyenziswa ekuncedeni umxhasi ukuba ahlolisise zakhe okanye iinkolelo aze ahlakulele iindlela eziphilileyo zokujonga imeko. Iinkqubo ezinjengeendlela ze- STOP zisetyenziselwa ukunceda umntu ukuba ayeke iingcamango ezizenzekelayo kwaye azibuyisele iingcinga ezintsha.
Ingcamango yezoLuntu
Iingcamango zengqondo yoluntu yintlukwano kwiingcamango zengqondo ejongene nemiphumo abanye ababenayo kwihambo yethu. Ngokomgaqo-mfundiso yentlalo yoluntu, asifundanga kuphela ngamava ethu, kodwa nangokujonga abanye. Kuthe okanye singenzi nto kwizinto esizifundileyo kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanywa indlela esinokuyibona ngayo imodeli, imbono yethu ngemiphumo yokuziphatha, kunye neenkolelo zethu malunga nokukwazi kwethu ukutshintsha iipateni zamandulo.
Iingcamango zengqondo yoluntu kunokunceda ukuchaza imvelaphi yeeflobias ezininzi . Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuphatha i-phobias. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yinto yokuba uphando lubone indlela yokuziphatha ngaphambi kokucela umntu ukuba ayenze.
UCognitive-Beziphatha
Ingcamango yokuziphatha-ingqondo yinkcazo edibeneyo ebandakanya inkolelo yokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokutsho kwengcamango-yokuziphatha, iimpendulo zethu zisekelwe ekusebenzisaneni okunzima phakathi kweengcamango nokuziphatha, iingcamango neemvakalelo zidlala indima enkulu ekuziphatheni kwethu.
I-Modern-cognitive-behaviorism iqulethe izinto ezifundwa zizifundo zokufunda, ezifana neengcamango zengqondo. Ngokwale migaqo, sinabantu abayinkimbinkimbi iimpendulo zabo zisekelwe ekusebenzisaneni okuqhubekayo phakathi kweengcamango zethu, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukujongana nazo zonke ezi ngxenye ukuze sitshintshe ngempumelelo impendulo yethu.
Ulwaphulo lweengqondo ngokuziphatha njengamanje lindlela eyaziwayo kakhulu yonyango yokunyanga i-phobias e-United States. Olu hlobo lonyango olufutshane apho iziphumo eziphumeleleyo zihlawulwa ngamanye amaxesha kwiiseshoni ezimbalwa kuphela.
Oku kubalulekile kubantu abaninzi abanesicwangciso se-inshorensi yezempilo kunokunciphisa inani lokutyelela abangayenza kumathambo ngonyaka.
Yiyiphi Inyango Yokufunda Eyadumeka kakhulu ekujonganeni nePhobias?
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, unyango olugqithisileyo ukonyanga i-phobias ngexesha langoku liyingcamango edibeneyo yokunyangwa kwengqondo. Le ngcamango idibanisa iingcamango ezinzulu kunye neemvakalelo ezibandakanya ukuchonga indlela ethile yokuziphatha. Le ndlela, njengoko kuphawuliwe, isenokwenzeka nokuba yindlela ekhawulezayo yokujongana ne-phobias, into ebalulekileyo kungekhona nje ngenxa yeendleko zonyango, kodwa ekuncedeni abantu ukuba banokubambisana nala maxa wambi kunzima ukuphatha iingxaki.
Umthombo:
Dombeck PhD, uMarko. "Inkolelo yokuFunda." Uncedo lwengqondo elipheleleyo: Iengqondo zengqondo . Matshi 14, 2008. http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=9285
UKay, D., noJ. Kibble. IiNkcazo zokuFunda 101: Ukusetyenziswa kwiTeaching Day kunye noScholarship. Ukuphucula kwiPhysics Education . 2016. 40 (1): 17-25.