Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubukeka kakuhle akukhuthazi ukuzithemba kwentsha
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuba ubuhle kunye nokuzithemba kuhamba kunye, kodwa oku akunakwenzeka ngokwenene kulutsha, ngokutsho kwenkqubo epapashwe kwi -Journal of Clinical Child kunye ne-Adolescent Psychology .
Iifoto ezingama-230 ukuya kwengu-15 ubudala zilinganiswa ukuba zikhangele ubuso kwaye zifaniswe namazinga abo okuzithemba ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.
Bafumanise ukuba abantwana abaselula abavakaliswa njengento ekhangayo kakhulu benamanqanaba angaphantsi okuzithemba ngaphezu kowabo abathandekayo.
Ngaphezulu kwesi sifundo, bafumanisa ukuba ininzi, ukuzithemba kwanda kwaye kwanyaniseka ngakumbi njengoko abatsha abaguqukayo bebadala, ngokukodwa kwabo bavakalisa amanqanaba aphezulu emfundo.
Ukongezelela, bafumanisa ukuba amantombazana anamazinga aphantsi okuzithemba ngaphezu kwamakhwenkwe ngokubanzi-kwaye ngokukodwa, amantombazana asetsheni anqatshelwe njengento ekhangeleka ngakumbi kunamakhwenkwe.
Kutheni ukukhawuleka kukuvimbela ukuzimela
Ababhali bokufunda banikela iinkcazo ezininzi (ezingakhange zihlolisiswe kwisifundo sabo) sokuba kutheni abatsha abathandekayo banokuba namazinga aphantsi okuzithemba:
- Utshintsho ngexesha loBugqirha: Batsho ukuba abatsha abathandekayo banokubona ukutshintsha okanye ukuza kutshintsha kobuntwaba njengokuba buchaphazela imbonakalo yabo, ngelixa abatsha abancinci abaselula banokujonga le nguqu njengokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekuhleni kwabo.
- Ukulindela okuphezulu: Kungenzeka ukuba oontanga, ootitshala nabazali bahlala bengalindelekanga ukuba balindele amazinga aphakamileyo ekusebenzeni kwezenhlalakahle nakwezemfundo kubafundi abathandekayo. Ezi zilindeleke zibe nzima kakhulu kubantwana kwaye zidale ukuzithemba okanye ukuzithemba xa zivakalelwa ukuba azikwazi ukuphila ngokubhekiselele kwabanye abantu.
- Ukuqonda kwezinto ezithandekayo: Kulula nje, abatsha abaselula banokuba nombono ohlukileyo wokukhangisa kwabo kunokuba iqela lokuphanda elibala iifoto zabo. Kungenzeka ukuba izinto ezininzi zinomdla kumbono womntu wokuheha, okungazange kulandelwe kwisifundo.
Ukuzimelela Kancinci noxinzelelo
Kucingelwa ukuba ukuzithemba okuphantsi okanye okungaqinisekiyo kungabikho ubuncipheko bokudakumba . Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba ebusheni xa abantwana besoloko bekhulile , ukunyuka kwengcinezelo kwanda, ingakumbi kumantombazana.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukuzithemba okuphantsi akusoloko kukhokelela ekudakaleni. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhangeka akusoloko kukhokelela ekudakaleni. Nangona kunjalo, abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba umntwana unako ukuzithemba phantsi kokungabi naluphi na ukubonakala kwaye kwaye unokungcatshiswa ngokusesikweni.
Xoxa nomntwana wesifo somntwana okanye omnye umboneleli wempilo yengqondo ukuba unesidima esincinane kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zokudakumba, ezifana ne:
- Buhlungu
- Ukuhlaliswa koluntu
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Uziva unetyala
- Ukuhla kwezemfundo
- Izifo ezingenakuchazwa
- Ukuguquka kwesimo sokutya nokulala
Ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo, ukukhuthazwa kunye nothando ngezinye iinkqubo ezama ukukhula kweminyaka engama-10 ubudala kuyakuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuhlisweni komntwana wakho.
Imithombo:
A. Angold, uCW Worthman. Ukuguqulwa koBugqirha beSahluko soBume beNtlupheko kwiiRhafu zokuPhukisa: i-Developmental, Epidemiologic, ne-Neuroendocrine Perspective. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo. Ngo-1993 29: 145-158.
Abantwana kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo bafumana njani ukuxinezeleka? Isizwe seSizwe kwiMpilo yengqondo.
S. Michael Kalick. Ukhenkcoka ngokomzimba njenge-Social Que. Umbhalo weNzululwazi yezeNtlalo zengqondo. 1988; 24: 269-489.
Suzanne HW Mares, Rebecca NH de Leeuw, uRon, HJ Scholte, i-Rutger CME Engels. Ukubhenkiswa kobuso kunye nokuzinyameka kwi-Adolescence. Umbhalo we-Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. Agasti 11, 2010. 39 (5): 627-637.
UT. Joel Wade, uMarjorie Cooper. Ukwahlukana koSondo kwiZiqhagamshelwano phakathi koKhenketho, ukuzimelela kunye neQumrhu. Ubuntu kunye noBomi bomntu ngabanye. 1999; 27: 1047-1056.