Xa ucela abantu ukuba bahlule izinto ezikhumbuzayo xa becinga ngeengqondo, iSigmund Freud kunye ne-psychoanalysis ziyavela rhoqo. I-Psychoanalysis, kokubili njengendlela yokwelapha kunye nembono yezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokuqinisekileyo uye washiya uphawu lwayo kwizesayensi.
Nangona kukho abantu abambalwa abasalayo abathi bathatha ingcamango yokujonga ngengqondo, abaninzi abanokholo kwengqondo namhlanje basebenzisa indlela eclectic kwindlela yesayensi yengqondo.
Enyanisweni, abaninzi abanokwenzengqondo kwengqondo bajonga i-psychoanalysis ngokungathandabuzeki. Abanye baziva behlekisa ngenxa yesikolo sokucinga sikaFranud. Kodwa ngaba oku kulungile? Kwihlabathi leengqondo apho kugxininiswa kwiinkqubo zengqondo, i-neuroscience, kunye ne-biopsychology, ikhona indawo yokuhlala yengqondo ye-psychoanalysis?
Ingaba i-Psychoanalysis iqhubeka isasebenza kweli hlabathi namhlanje?
Kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa zangoku kwandula ukuhla kwe-psychoanalysis yendabuko:
- Ingxelo epapashwe yi-American Psychoanalytic Association yabona ukuba amasebe enzululwazi agqithisa i- psychoanalysis nje ngokuba yimbali yembali, ngelixa izifundo ezifana nobugcisa, uncwadi, imbali kunye nezinye izifundo zabantu zikwazi ukufundisa i-psychoanalysis njengesihloko esiqhubekayo nesifanelekileyo.
- Inqaku le-2007 kwi -New York Times lathi kwakhona ukuhla kwe-psychoanalysis ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
Ngoko kutheni i-psychoanalysis iwele ngendlela ecaleni njengesihloko semfundo ngaphakathi kwengqondo?
Ingxenye yenkinga ibangelwa ukungaphumeleli kwengqondo ye-psychoanalysis ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kweendlela zakhe zokwelapha kunye nokungaphumeleli ukuqeqeshwa kwimiqathango esekelwe kwisiseko.
Inkxaso kunye neCriticism ye-Psychoanalysis
Ingxenye yezizathu ezininzi ezinokungathembeki kwengqondo ye-psychoanalysis namhlanje kukuba umzimba wobungqina obuxhasa ukuphumelela kwawo uhlala ubuthathaka.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zophando malunga nokusebenza kwe-psychoanalysis ziye zanikela inkxaso encinci kule ndlela yokwenza unyango. Olunye uhlalutyo lwe-meta lufumene ukuba i-psychoanalysis ingaba ngempumelelo njengoko elinye unyango lusetyenziswa. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba i-psychoanalysis inokusebenza ngonyango lwexinzelelo, ukuxhomekeka kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesifo .
Omnye umba kukuba i-psychoanalysis ngokuqhelekileyo isiphakamiso sesikhathi eside. Siphila ngexesha apho abantu bafuna iziphumo ezikhawulezayo kunye neendlela ezivelisa intsingiselo kwiintsuku, iiveki okanye iinyanga- unyango lwe-psychoanalytic luquka rhoqo umxhasi kunye neengcali ekuhloliseni imiba kwixesha leminyaka.
"Ukusebenzisa imigaqo esekelwe unyango olusisiseko-siseko, i-psychoanalysis yendabuko yodwa ayikho into ehamba ngayo njengendlela yokwelapha ubuninzi beengxaki zengqondo ," kuchaza i-psychologist uSusan Krauss Whitbourne kwinqaku le- Psychology Today . "Nangona kunjalo, ukugxotha iminikelo kaFreud njengento engafanelekanga kwengqondo, njengoko [i- New York Times kwinqaku] ithetha ukuba yinto engaphezulu."
I-Psychoanalysis Emva koko kunye Noku
Uninzi lweengcamango zikaFrud azizange zithandwe kwizengqondo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo oko akuthethi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe awufanelekanga.
Indlela yakhe yokwelapha - isiphakamiso sokuthi isifo sengqondo sinyango kwaye ukuthetha ngeengxaki kunokukhupha isisombululo-esasigxininisa umqondiso wendlela esondela ngayo kunyango lwengqondo.
Kwaye uphando luye lwaxhasa ubuncinane ezinye zeengcamango zangaphambili zikaFreud. Uhlolo olusandul 'uvavanyo lwe-neuroscientific luqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezininzi ze-Freud zokuqala, ingakumbi impembelelo ephazamisayo yeenkqubo ezingenanto kunye nomsebenzi oququzelelweyo weengcinga zokucinga, zifumene ubungqina kwizifundo zebhubhoratri, "kuchaza uPeter Fonagy kwinqaku elibizwa ngokuthi" Psychoanalysis Namhlanje "eshicilelwe kwiNzululwazi yeZizwe .
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iSigmund Freud nayo yayingumsebenzi wexesha lakhe. Ngethuba wayeyaziwa ngokuba ngamaxesha athile achukumisayo (acinga ngokukrakra ngexesha le-Victorian), imbono yakhe yehlabathi yayinemibala ngexesha awayehlala kuyo. Ngoko yintoni enye indlela i-psychoanalysis eya kuthatha ngayo ukuba uFrud wayephila ngexesha lethu?
U-Fonagy uthi: "Ukuba uFreud wayaphila namhlanje, uya kuba nomdla omkhulu ngolwazi olutsha malunga nokusebenza kwengqondo, njengendlela amanetha e-neural athuthuka ngayo ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wobudlelwane bokuqala, indawo yendawo eneempawu zokusebenza, ukufumana i-genetics ne-genomics yokuziphatha kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akayikushiya iprojekthi yakhe eyayixabisekileyo yeScientific Psychology, umsebenzi wokuvusa apho wazama ukuhlakulela imodeli yokuziphatha. "
Enye into ebalulekileyo ukuba uqaphele, kuchaza uKrauss, kukuba ngelixa i-psychoanalysis ingase ihla, akuthethi ukuba umbono we-psychodynamic ufile. Uyabhala wathi, "Iingcali zengqondo namhlanje zithetha ngengqondo ye - psychodynamic , ingaboni imbono ye-psychoanalytic ," kubhala, "Ngaloo ndlela, le ngongoma ibhekisela kwimandla enamandla ebuntwini bethu obutshintsho obushukumisayo buninzi bunzulu beendlela zokuziphatha kwethu ezibonakalayo. ngokubhekiselele kwingcamango esekelwe kwi-Freudian ukuba ukuqonda, nokuphatha, ukuziphatha okungavamile, iimpikiswano zethu ezingenakuqonda kufuneka zisebenze. "
I-Psychoanalysis njengoko uFrud evelelwe ngokuqinisekileyo ingaba sehla, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba isimo sengqondo se-psychodynamic sinyamalale okanye ukuba siya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
Ikusasa le-Psychoanalysis
Ngoko yintoni inokuthi ingqondo yengqondo ingenza njani ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwayo kwilizwe leengqondo?
- Ngokutsho kwePopagy, ugxininiso kwisayensi lulona luphambili.
- Uphando lwezobugcisa kunye nophando olusiseko-bungqina kufuneka luhlolisiswe ngokubanzi.
- I-Fonagy iphinde iphakamise ukuba iindlela zokuqokelela idatha, ukuqwalaselwa kwezinye iinkcazelo ezinokwenzeka zokuziphatha, kunye nentsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye nezinye iingcali zempilo yengqondo zingaphucula ukufaneleka kunye nokufaneleka kwezindlela ze-psychoanalytic.
Ngokucacileyo, uphawu lukaFreud kwi-psychology luyakucinga namhlanje. Ukuthetha ngonyango kunokunxibelelana kakhulu ne-psychoanalysis, kodwa oogqirha basoloko basebenzisa le ndlela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubandakanywa unyango olujoliswe kubaxumi kunye neyeza lonyango . I-Psychoanalysis ayinakuba yinto ebengayibuyiselwa ngo-1910, kodwa iingcamango zikaFreud zinefuthe elihlala njalo kwiinkcubeko ezithandwayo kunye neengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Cohen, P. (2007, Novemba 25). I-Freud ifundiswa ngokubanzi kwiiyunivesithi, ngaphandle kweSebe lezengqondo. I-New York Times .
> Fonagy, P. (2003). Psychoanalysis Namhlanje. Ihlabathi leengqondo, 2 (2)
> Whitbourne, SK (2012). Freud akafi; Unzima Kakhulu Ukufumana. Psychology Namhlanje.