Xa ziphazamisa ukuzimela kunye nabanye ziqwalaselwa
Utywala yiyona mveliso eyingozi kakhulu kwihlabathi xa ucinga ingozi eyenza abaphuzayo, abahlobo babo kunye neentsapho kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Ubungozi obunxilisayo buba ngaphezu kweengozi ze-heroin kunye nokweqa i-cocaine xa ingozi enkulu kumsebenzisi nakwabanye ithathwa ingqalelo.
Esi siphelo sesiphakamiso seengcali zaseBrithani ezivavanywe kwaye zibeka ingozi eyabangelwa yimichiza e-20 eyahlukeneyo, kokubili yomthetho kunye engekho mthethweni.
Amalungu eBomiti yeZizwe ezizimeleyo zeBrithani zeDrams (ISCD) kunye neengcali ezimbini ezivela kwi-European Monitoring Centre kwiDrugs and Addict Addiction (EMCDDA) zihlolisise ngenyameko ingozi ebangelwa yiziyobisi ngezigaba ezili-16 ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusekwa kwezidakamizwa eziyingozi
Izazi zenzululwazi zibeka izilwanyana ngasinye kwisikali se-0 ukuya kwi-100 kwiindawo ezi-9 ezihlobene nokulimala ukuba izidakamizwa zenza kwiindidi eziziintlobo kunye neenkalo ezisixhenxe ezenzakalisa abanye. Babheka ukulimala ngokomzimba, kwengqondo kunye nentlalontle izidakamizwa zenza ixesha lokuphila, iingozi zempilo, ukuxhomekeka, ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukulahleka kobudlelwane, ulwaphulo-mthetho, indleko kuluntu, ubunzima beentsapho nezinye izinto.
Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwezigqibo kwi-multicriteria ngasinye kwisilwanyana ngasinye kwaye ulinganise ukuba zeziphi izibizi zibaluleke ngakumbi kunabanye, izazinzulu zakwazi ukunika isicatshulwa ngasinye amanqaku anokuthelekiswa kwaye adibaniswe kuzo zonke iimvavanyo eziyi-16.
Imonakalo eyenziwa yiDrugs
Ezinye zeempembelelo kumsebenzisi iipaneli ezibukeleyo zibandakanya:
- Ukufa ngokuthe ngqo kweziyobisi
- Ukufa okuhlobene neziyobisi
- Ukulimala kwimpilo
- Kuxhomekeke kweziyobisi
- Ukulahleka kobudlelwane
Ezinye zeempembelelo kwabanye babecatshangelwa zibandakanya:
- Ulwaphulaphulo
- Umonakalo ongqongileyo
- Ingxabano yentsapho
- Umonakalo wamazwe ngamazwe
- Iindleko zoqoqosho
- Ukulimala ekuhlanganyeleni koluntu
Uhlalutyo lwephaneli lubonise ukuba i-heroin, i-cockine ye-cocaine kunye ne-methamphetamine yilezi ziyobisi ezinobungozi kumsebenzisi ngamnye, ngelixa utywala, i-heroin kunye nokuqhekeka kwakuyingozi kakhulu kwabanye. Xa iindawo ezinobungozi zahlanganiswa, izidakamizwa eziyingozi kakhulu zinobisi, i-heroin kunye ne-crack cocaine.
Ziyingozi kakhulu ezidakamizwa
Nazi iziphumo zezilwanyana ezifunyenweyo ngenxa yengozi ebangelwa kwizinga eli-0 ukuya ku-100:
- Utywala 72
- Heroin 55
- Crack Cocaine 54
- Methamphetamine 33
- ICocaine 27
- Ugwayi 26
- Amphetamine 23
- Marijuana 20
- GHB 19
- Benzodiazepines 15
- Ketamine 15
- IMethadone 14
- Anabolic Steroids 10
- Ecstasy 9
- LSD 7
- Buprenorphine 7
- Amakhowe 6
Iziyobisi Zomthetho Ziyingozi Kakhulu
I-panel ye-ISCD, ekhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uDavid Nutt, yagqiba ukuba iinkqubo zokuhlaziya izidakamizwa zangoku aziqwalaselanga iziphumo ezibi ziyenziwa ngamachiza ahlukeneyo kwaye azihambelani nolu bungozi.
"Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba izixhobo zomthetho ezimbini ezihlolwayo - utywala kunye nenqaku lokubheya iteksi kwisigaba esiphezulu sezinga lokulinganisa, okubonisa ukuba iziyobisi ezisemthethweni zenza okungenani inzakalo njengento engekho mthethweni," kusho uNutt.
U-Nutt uthe izicwangciso zezempilo zikawonkewonke kufuneka zilungiswe ukujolisa ngokukhawuleza inzakalo yotywala.
Yinyathelo elifanelekileyo kwaye liyimfuneko, wathi.
Imithombo:
Nutt DJ, et al, "Iziyobisi ezidakamizwa e-UK: uhlalutyo lwezigqibo ze-multicriteria," ILancet . Novemba 1, 2010.