Iimvumi zihlobo oluqhelekileyo lwamayeza asetyenziswa ukuphatha i-ADHD. Basebenza ngokunyusa ukufumaneka kweekhemikhali ezithile kwingqondo, ngaloo ndlela ukwenza indlela engqondweni isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Iimvumi ziyanciphisa iimpawu ze-ADHD kuma-70 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-80 ekhulwini labantu abazithathayo.
Indlela uBrain isebenza ngayo
Ubuchopho bethu benziwa ngamaseli enyibongo ebizwa nge- neurons .
Ezi i-neurons zihlukaniswe zikhefu ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi- synapses . Yonke imisebenzi yengqondo kunye nenkqubo yesifo ixhomekeke ekunxibelelaneni phakathi kwala ma-neurons nakwii-synapses. I-neurons idlulisela ulwazi ngolunye nomnye ngokuthumela izithunywa zeekhemikhali okanye i- neurotransmitters kuwo wonke ama-synapses kuwo wonke umnatha.
I-neurotransmitters iveliswa ngaphakathi kwe-neuron. I-neuron ikhupha i-neurotransmitter kwaye iya kwi-synapse space. I-neurotransmitter inokuthi yamukelwe yi-neuron elandelayo ehlanganiswe kwisayithi ebizwa ngokuba yi- receptor , ngaloo ndlela idlulisela ulwazi ukusuka kwiseli enye yesinye enye kwenye ingqondo.
Ukuze le mizila isebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuze umyalezo uphumelele, i-neuron kufuneka ivelise kwaye ikhulule ngokwaneleyo i-neurotransmitter. I-neurotransmitter kufuneka iphinde ihlale kwisithuba se-synapse ixesha elaneleyo lokuba libophe kwi-site ye-receptor.
Emva kokuba i-neurotransmitter ikhutshwe, inxalenye engaphezulu okanye engasetyenziswanga yabuyiselwa kwakhona okanye ibuyiswe kwakhona nge-neuron yasekuqaleni eyayikhiqiza.
Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi kwenzeke kubantu abane-ADHD ngumbono we-neurotransmitter ungaphinda ubuyiselwe kwisantya. Xa oko kwenzeka, loo nxalenye yomnatha womnatha awukwazi ukuthumela imiyalezo ngendlela efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo.
Iimpawu ezikhuthazayo zisebenza njani ekunciphiseni iziganeko ze-ADHD
Izikhuthazo zikhuthaza kwaye zandise ukukhululwa kwezinto ezithile ze-neurotransmitters, ngokugqithiseleyo i- dopamine kunye ne- norepinephrin , kwaye zivimba okanye zicotha ukuba zininzi zezi khemikhali zibuyiselwa kwi-neuron apho zikhululwe khona.
Ngenxa yoko, ininzi ye-neurotransmitter iqhutywe kwindawo ye-synapse phakathi kwe-neurons ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuba libophe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-receptor, ukuncedisa imiyalezo ngaphakathi kwengqondo iqhutywe ngakumbi kwaye ifunyenwe.
Methylphenidate
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-methylphenidate (ivuselelekayo equka amagama egama legama elithi Ritalin , iMetadate, ne-Concerta) ngokuyinhloko ivimba ukutshintshwa kwakhona kwe-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrin-oko kukuthi, kuphuculwa ukuba uninzi lwe-neurotransmitter uphinde ubuyiselwe kwi-neuron ukwenzela ukuba ushiye kwi synapse. Okwesibini, i-methylphenidate ibonakala iququzelele ukukhululwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-neurotransmitter esuka ngaphakathi kwe-neuron apho ikhiqizwa kwaye igcinwe, ethumela ngaphezulu kwi-synapse space.
Amphetamines
Ama-Amphetamines (olunye uhlobo olushukumisayo olubandakanya iVivse neAdderall) ngokukwandisa ukwandisa ukukhululwa kwe-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrin kwiindawo zabo zokugcina kwi-synapse. Indlela engabalulekanga ngayo i-amphetamines iyancipha ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwama-neurotransmitters. Ukwahlukana kwindlela iindlela ezikhuthazayo ezisebenza ngayo zingachaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu abane-ADHD baphendula ngelinye uhlobo lweyeza ezikhuthazayo kunezinye.
Kutheni kukhuthazwa ukunceda i-ADHD
I-Dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrin ibonakala ibamba indima ebalulekileyo kwimida yengqondo ejongene nokulawulwa kwengqwalasela nomsebenzi olawulayo .
Isizathu sokuba izikhuthazo ziyanceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-ADHD kubonakala ukuba zenza ezi zintsholongwane zifumaneke, ngoko ke kuphucula umsebenzi kunye nxibelelwano kulawo malungu wengqondo esebenza kwi-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine kunye nesigxina kwimisebenzi ethile.
Ucwaningo lwengqondo lweBongo luye lwabonisa ukuba xa unemithi ekhuthazayo, kukho ubungqina bokunyuka komsebenzi kwi-prefrontal cortex, imimandla engqameneyo ye-subcortical, kunye ne-cerebellum-onke amaziko abalulekileyo ekusebenzeni. Ngaloo ndlela, le mimandla yengqondo ibonakala iyasebenza kwaye "iphendulela" kwimisebenzi engqondweni xa iinqanaba le-neurotransmitter liphakanyisiwe.
Izikhuthazo aziphilisi i-ADHD. Oko bayenzayo kukunceda ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu ngelixa ukhuthazo lusebenza kwindlela yakho. Ukuthatha izikhuthazo akufani nokuthatha i-antibiotic yokunyanga intsholongwane, kufana nokugqoka iiglasi ukuze ubone, nangona iiglasi zingagulanga iingxaki zombono wakho.
> Imithombo:
> Ikliniki yaseCleveland. Ukunqongophala kweNgxaki yokuHlukana nokuHlezeka (ADHD): Unyango olukhuthazayo. 2017.
> Guzman F. Methylphenidate kwi-ADHD: Indlela yokuSebenza kunye neFomulations. Institute Psychopharmacology. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 19, 2017.
> Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Kollins SH, et al. Ukuphonononga i-Dopamine Reward Indlela e-ADHD: Impembelelo yeeKliniki. JAMA: iphephandaba le-American Medical Association . 2009; 302 (10): 1084-1091. i-doi: 10.1001 / jama.2009.1308.