Kwiengqondo, ukufunda ngokusesikweni kubhekisela kolwazi olucacileyo kuphela xa umntu enomtsalane wokuwubonisa. Umzekelo, umntwana angase afunde ukugqiba ingxaki yamatriki eklasini, kodwa le nto ayifumanekanga ngokukhawuleza. Kuphela xa umntwana enikwa uhlobo oluthile lokuqiniswa ekugqityeni ingxaki le nto ibonisa yona.
Ukufunda kwexesha elibalulekileyo kubalulekile kuba ngamaxesha amaninzi ulwazi esikufundileyo alusoloko lubonakala kuze kube mzuzu esimele siwubonise. Ngelixa usenokuba ufunde ukupheka i-roast ngokubheka abazali bakho bekulungiselela isidlo sakusihlwa, le nkalo ingahle ibonakale uze ufumane ukupheka ngokwakho.
Inkqubo
Xa sicinga ngenkqubo yokufunda, sihlala sigxininisa kuphela ekufundeni okubonakalayo ngokukhawuleza. Sifundisa i-rat ukuba isebenze kwi-maze ngokunikela imivuzo ngokuphendula ngokuchanekileyo. Siqeqesha umfundi ukuba aphakamise isandla eklasini ngokunikela indumiso ngokuziphatha okufanelekileyo.
Kodwa akusikho konke ukufunda okubonakalayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha ukufunda kuphela kubonakala xa sifuna ukuyisebenzisa. Ngokweengqondo zengqondo, le nto "efihlekileyo" yokufunda ebonakalayo kuphela xa kuqinisekiswa okokubizwa ngokuba yi-latent learning.
UkuFundela KwakuFundeka njani
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufunda elincinci lenziwe ngu-psychologist u- Edward Tolman ngethuba lophando lwakhe kunye neenkizi, nangona okokuqala ukubonwa kwalo mcimbi kwenziwa ngaphambili ngumphandi uHugh Blodgett.
Kwiimvavanyo ezibandakanya ukuba namaqela eenkwenkwe zigijimise umqolo, iilitsi ezazingayitholanga mvuzo zifundile ikhosi ngexesha lemizamo yokungaphumeleli. Emva kokuba imivuzo yaziswa, amagumbi ayenako ukudweba "imephu yabo engqiqweni" yekhosi.
Ezi mbonakaliso zibonise ukuba ukufunda kunokuqhutyelwa nangona xa umzimba ungayibonakali khona kanye.
U mzekelo
Cinga, umzekelo, ulwazi lwakho lweendlela ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yakulo. Nsuku zonke uhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufunde indawo zamashishini ahlukeneyo kwidolophu yakho. Nangona kunjalo, olu kufunda ludlulileyo kuba awuwusebenzisi ixesha elininzi. Kuphela xa ufuna ukufumana indawo ethile efana nevenkile yeefowuni esiseduze okanye isitima sebhasi okufuneka udwebe kwaye ubonise oko ufundile.
Imiba
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi History of Psychology , umlobi uDavid Hothersall wachaza ukuba nangona kwakukho ukuphikisana okubangqongileyo, abaphandi abaninzi baxele ukuba iil rats zafunda ngokungabikho kwembuyekezo. Le ngcamango inselele ininzi yale nto abaziphatha ngayo , ukuba oko kufundwa kwenzeka kuphela ngokuqiniswa . Ngenxa yoko, ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ezigxininisiweyo ziphakamisa ukuba kufuneka kubekho uhlobo oluthile lokuqiniswa ngethuba lokuvavanya ukungaphumeleli, nangona ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kwakungekho ngokukhawuleza.
Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba i-latent learning phenomenon, njengoko i-Hothersall ichaza, "inokwethenjelwa kwaye inamandla." Amakhanda afakwe kwi-maze angafunda indlela abayidingayo ukufumana umvuzo wokutya, kodwa uphando luye lwalubonisa ukuba iifos nazo zifunda nzima nzima.
Abaphandi babonisa njani ukuba le nkqubela yokufunda iqhubekile? Xa abahloli bevimba indlela yokufunda, iilitsi ziya kusebenzisa indlela elandelayo mfutshane yokufikelela kwindawo yokutya. Ukuze benze oku, izilwanyana ziye zafunda ngokucacileyo yonke loo nto, nangona ukuba ukufunda okunjalo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqiniswa.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukufunda kwenzeka njengoko sihamba, ngokuqhelekileyo ngengozi, kodwa kungekhona nje ngenxa yezikhuthazo kunye nemivuzo.
Ngoko oko kufunda okunokufunda kwenzeka njani? Ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba nje ukwanelisa iinqwenelo zethu zihlala zivuza ukufunda. Ukufunda ngokukhawulezayo kudibaniswa namakhono amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu, njengokulungisa iingxaki kunye nokucwangcisa ikusasa.
Ukuba abafundi bafunda into ngoku, banokufumana umvuzo kwixesha elizayo ngamabakala amahle, i-GPA ephezulu kunye nokwamkelwa kwiikholeji abazikhethelayo. Imiphumo yale nkqubo ingabonakali okanye ifikeleleke, kodwa le nkalo inokuthi iqhutywe ngokulindelekileyo umvuzo emva koko ehla endleleni.
> Imithombo:
> Coon, D. & Mitterer, JO Ingqungquthela kwizesayikholoji: Isango kwiingqondo kunye nokuziphatha ngeemephu zeengcamango. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2010.
> Hothersall, D. Imbali yeengqondo. ENew York: i-McGraw-Hill; 2003.