I-OEF kunye ne-OIF nabasemagxeni kunye neNgxaki yokuPhathwa kwengcinezelo
Siyazi ukuba abo bahlaselwe yimbozi yengozi ekwandiseni ukuphazamiseka kwesifo sengqondo (PTSD). Yintoni esiyayazi malunga ne-OEF / OIF ne-PTSD?
Ziyintoni na eziqhelekileyo kwi-PTSD kumaVeteran?
I-OEF / i-OIF isigama esichaza kwiingxabano ezibangelwa yi-US e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Ngokukodwa, i-OEF ithetha "Usebenziso Lokunyanzela Inkululeko" (imfazwe e-Afghanistan), ngoxa i-OIF imele i-"Operation Iraqi Freedom," okanye iMfazwe yase-Iraq.
Iimfazwe zakwa-OEF / OIF zifunyaniswe ukuba zinamazinga aphakamileyo okwexinzeleleka emva kokudandatheka, okanye i-PTSD. Ngokukodwa, iSebe laseMelika leMantshi e-Veterans (VA) liqikelela ukuba i-10 ukuya kwe-18 ekhulwini ye-OEF / i-OIF yezilwanyana zineenkxalabo zengcinezelo (PTSD) , kwaye ingase ingozi kwezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.
I-PTSD yayinokwenzeka ukuba ifunyanwe kumalungu enkonzo emva kweenyanga eziliqela emva kokuba ibuyele kwiimbambano ezimbini, kunoko nje. Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha malunga neengxabano kunye nendlela i-PTSD ifuthe ngayo abo bathathe inxaxheba.
Ukusebenza kwe-Iraqi Freedom and PTSD
Ukusebenza kwe-Iraqi Freedom - iMfazwe yase-Iraq - yaqalisa ngokuhlasela kwe-Iraq ngoMatshi 20, 2003 kwaye yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngo-2011 xa i-US kunye nabasebenzi bayo beyishiya ibutho layo. Amajoni abuyela e-Iraq (amaninzi awakhonza ii-deployments ezininzi) ayemngcipheko omkhulu we-PTSD, ngenxa enkulu yokuba bejamelene neengxaki ezininzi zokulwa njengengxenye yenkonzo yabo - ngokubanzi, ngaphezu kwala majoni abuyela evela e-Afghanistan.
I-Iraq Imfazwe yokulwa namaqhawe abhekene noxinzelelo oluninzi ( iziganeko ezibuhlungu ezinxulumene ne-PTSD ) ezinokufaka isandla kwi-PTSD. Ngokwezifundo ezivela kwi-VA, ama-95 ekhulwini e-OIF yokulwa namaqhawe aseburhulumenteni abike ukuba ebone izidumbu. Okwangoku, iipesenti ezingama-93 zathi zadutshulwa, ama-89 ekhulwini athi ahlaselwe okanye ahlaselwa, ama-86 ekhulwini afunyanwa ngumlilo okanye i-rocket umlilo, kwaye i-86 ekhulwini yathi bayayazi umntu obenzakele okanye wabulawa.
I-Operation Enduring Freedom kunye ne-PTSD
I-Operation Enduring Freedom yasungulwa yi-United States kunye nabadibaniselwano bayo njengempendulo yokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngomhla ka-Septemba 11, 2001 owehlisa iNdawo yezoRhwebo kwiWorld and wonakalisa iPentagon.
Ukuhlaselwa kwahlanganiswa ne-al Qaeda, iqela lamaphekula e-Afghanistan phantsi kokukhuselwa kwamaTaliban, kwaye ngoko i-US ngo-Oktobha 2001 yahlasela i-Afghanistan ngenzame yokukhupha i-Taliban ize ibhubhise i-al Qaeda. I-Operation Enduring Freedom yahlala iminyaka engama-13, kwada kwaDisemba 2014, xa ama-US kunye namaqabane ayo aphelisa umsebenzi wazo wokulwa e-Afghanistan.
Nangona i-OEF yokulwa ngamajoni amaninzi ahluleki kwi-PTSD ngamanani afanayo nama-veterans e-OIF, amanani amaninzi amajoni athatha inxaxheba kule mpixano abhekene noxinzelelo lokulwa, ngokutsho kwe-VA.
Ngokukodwa, iipesenti ezingama-84 zathi zifumene umquba okanye umlilo we-rocket, ama-66 ekhulwini athi batyhulwa, ama-58 ekhulwini athi ahlaselwe okanye ahlaselwa, ama-43 ekhulwini athi bayayazi umntu oye walimala okanye wabulawa, kwaye i-39 ekhulwini yathi babone izidumbu.
Ukugula ngengqondo kwi-OEF / OIF
Nangona i-18% yee-OEF / i-OIF ye-OIF ihlupheke kwi-PTSD, la maqhawe asemngciphekweni omkhulu kwezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.
Ngokukodwa, ukuxinezeleka kunokuchaphazelekayo phakathi kwama-3 no-25 ekhulwini abo babuya kulezi mpi (ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukileyo ezazisetyenziswe kwizifundo eziqhutyelwe, kunzima ukufundwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba zingaphi iintlungu zokudandatheka). Abalawuli bee-Veterans banokuba nobunzima bokusela nokusetyenziswa kogcino, u-VA uthi.
Into onokuyenza
Ngelishwa, nangona siyazi ukuba i-PTSD ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwezilwanyana, kwaye unyango lukhoyo, abaninzi abanamantloko bafuna uncedo. Ngombulelo, into eyenziwa malunga nale nto. ISebe lezoKhuseleko liyaqonda ukuba kukho ingxaki yokunyaniseka kwaye ithatha amanyathelo okunciphisa intshutshiso.
Abaqhubi beemfazwe asisadingeki ukuba baxelele ukuba bafuna unyango lwempilo yengqondo ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene nokulwa. I-Military izama kwakhona ukusasaza igama elibonakalisa iimpawu ezinjenge-PTSD eziqhelekileyo emva kokufumana uxinzelelo lwemfazwe. Uninzi lwabaMantshi beza phambili baxelela amava abo kunye nendlela yokunciphisa intshutshiso kunye nokuvumela abanye ukuba bathethe malunga neengxaki zabo.
Imindeni yamaVeteran ngePTSD
Njengengxelo yokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuvelisa iintsapho. Bambalwa abantu abafumana i-PTSD kwedwa, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhathazeka kunye neemfuno zamalungu entsapho abo bakhonzayo. Ukongezelela, kuye kwaphawulwa kwizifundo ezimbalwa (kungekhona zonke) ezixhomekeke kwii-Veterans ezenza i-PTSD ngenxa yezixinzelelo okanye imfazwe inokungena ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-PTSD.
Izibonelelo zabaseVeterans abaphila ne-PTSD
Ukuba uhlala nePTSD kodwa ungazi apho uqala khona, kukho izixhobo ezikhoyo. Isebe leSizwe leSizwe soMkhosi wezeMfuyo kwi-PTSD linikezelwe kwingcaphephe kunye nemfundo ejikeleze i-PTSD. Ezinye izixhobo zoMkhosi zikhoyo eziza kunceda ngeembalo zeengxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nezinye iinkxalabo zezilwanyana.
Ukongeza kwenkxaso yempilo yengqondo, kukho iinkonzo ze- ARV zokuhlaziya izixhobo, ezinokuhamba ngesandla, njengabantu abaninzi abane-PTSD enxulumene neengcinezelo zemfazwe.
Imithombo:
Diehle, J., Brooks, S., kunye noN. Greenberg. Abalawuli beemfazwe abayena kuphela abahluphekayo kwiimpawu zokuxinezeleka kwe-Posttraumatic: Yintoni esiyayazi Ngomxininiso osisigxina seNtloko? I-Psychiatry Social and Epidemiology . 2016 Oktobha 21. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
Guina, J., Welton, R., Broderick, P., Correll, T., kunye noRair Peirson. Iimfuno ze-DSM-5 kunye neempembelelo zayo zokuxilonga i-PTSD kumaLungu eNkonzo yamaGosa kunye nabaPhezulu. Iingxelo zengqondo zengoku . 2016. 18 (5): 43.
Hoge, C., Riviere, L., Wilk, J., Herrell, R., kunye ne- F. Weathers. Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo sengxaki yokuxinzelela emva kokudandatheka (PTSD) kumajoni okulwa ase-US: ukuthelekisa kwentloko kunye nentloko ye-DSM-5 ngokumelene ne-DSM-IV-TR iimpawu zokubonakalisa i-PTSD. I-Lancet Psychiatry . 2014. 1 (4): 269-77.