Imbali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-WAIS
I-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) luvavanyo lweengqondo olwalupapashwe ngo-1955 kwaye lujoliswe ukulinganisa ubunzima kubantu abadala kunye nabadala abaselula. Uvavanyo luyilwe ngumbhali wezengqondo uDavid Wechsler owayekholelwa ukuba ingqiqo yenziwe ngamanani ahlukeneyo engqondo kunokuba yinto enye yengqondo .
Imbali ye-Wechsler Intelligence Scales
U-Wechsler wayengenelisekanga ngento awayekholelwa kukuba ukulinganiselwa kovavanyo lweStanford-Binet. Phakathi kwezikhalazo zakhe eziphambili malunga naloo vavanyo kwakungamaphuzu athile avela, ukugxininisa kwimisebenzi exesha elide, kunye nelokuba uvavanyo luye lwayilwa ngokukhethekileyo kubantwana kwaye ngoko ke aluvumelekanga kubantu abadala.
Ngenxa yoko, u-Wechsler wacwangcisa uvavanyo olutsha ngexesha lama-1930 ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scales. Olu vavanyo lwaphinde lwahlaziywa kwakhona lwaza lwaziwa ngokuba yi-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale okanye WAIS.
Enye into enomdla ukuba uqaphele kukuba u- Alfred Binet , unononophelo lovavanyo lokuqala lweengqiqo , wayekholelwa ukuba ubunzima bobunzima bube bunzima kakhulu ukuba buchazwe ngokwaneleyo ngenani elilodwa. Iinjongo zokuvavanywa kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kwakukunceda ukuchonga abantwana abafuna uncedo olukhethekileyo esikolweni kwaye wayevakalelwa ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya izinga lokukhuthaza abantwana , zinokuchaphazela amanqaku okuvavanya.
Ngokwemvo, uvavanyo luka-Wechsler lwalubuyisela kwiinkalo ezininzi zeBinet kunye nazo. Esikhundleni sokunika amanqaku amanqaku amaninzi, i-WAIS yanikezela ngeprofayili yamandla onke kunye nobuthathaka. Enye inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba iphetshana lamanqaku linokunika ulwazi oluncedo.
Umzekelo, ukubeka amanqaku ephakamileyo kwiindawo ezithile kodwa ezantsi kwabanye kungabonisa ubukho bokukhubazeka okufunda.
Njengovavanyo lweStanford-Binet lwemveli, i-WAIS inikezela ngamanqaku onke. Nangona kunjalo, u-Wechsler wasebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokubala le nombolo. Njengoko unokukhumbula ngokufunda malunga nembali yovavanyo lwengqondo , amanqaku ekuqaleni kweStanford-Binet atholakala ekuhlukaniseni ubudala bengqondo ngokwexesha lexesha.
Kwi-WAIS, u-Wechsler endaweni yoko waqhathanisa amanqaku e-test-taker kulabo abanye kwiqela lakhe eliqhelekileyo leminyaka. Amanqaku aphakathi anqunywe kwi-100, malunga neyesibini kwisithathu kubo bonke amanqaku awela phakathi kwe-85 no-115.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zengqiqo kamva zagqiba ekubeni zithathe indlela kaTechsler, kubandakanywa inguqulo yanamhlanje yeStanford-Binet.
Iinguqu ze-WAIS
Kukho iinguqu ezine ezahlukeneyo ze-WAIS:
- WAIS (1955)
- WAIS-R (1981)
- WAIS-III (1997)
- I-WAIS-IV (2008)
I-Current Version
Inguqu yangoku ye-WAIS yakhululwa ngo-2008 yaye ibandakanya ukutsalwa kwezinto ezilishumi kunye neentlanu ezongezelelweyo.
Uvavanyo lufumana amanqaku amane amakhulu:
- Ukuqonda ukuthetha
- Ukuqiqa
- Imemori yokuSebenza
- Ukuqhutyelwa kweSantya
Ukongezelela, i-WAIS-IV inikezela ngamanani amanqaku amabini:
- IQ-Full Scale IQ
- I-General Ability Index
I-WAIS yagqitha iStanford-Binet esebenzayo ngexesha lama-1960. Namhlanje, i-WAIS yinto yokuhlolwa kwengqondo eqhutywa rhoqo.
Iingxelo:
Ukuxhoma, RE (1996). AbaPhayona beeNzululwazi . ENew York: Norton.
Kaplan, RM & Saccuzzo, iDP (2009). Uvavanyo lweZengqondo: Iimigaqo, izicelo, kunye neengxaki . EBelmont (CA): iWadsworth.