Indlela engapheliyo yokuxilongwa
Inkqubo yesifo esiqhelekileyo yokuxilongwa kweengqondo yincwadi yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-5), okwangoku kwincwadi yesihlanu. Ngoxa i-DSM yokugqibela, i-DSM-IV, isetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa nge-multiaxial, i-DSM-5 yayisusile le nkqubo.
Ziziphi iinqununu ezinhlanu kwi-Multiaxial Diagnosis?
Kwiinkqubo ze-DSM-IV-TR, umntu wafunyaniswa kwiindawo ezi-hlanu ezahlukeneyo, okanye "ii-axxes." Kwinkqubo enye ye-axis efana ne-DSM-5, umntu ufumaneka kwi-domain eyodwa kuphela.
Ngokomzekelo, ingxaki yekliniki, njengengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka, iya kubelwa. Inkqubo ye-multiaxial yacingelwa ukuba inike iinkcukacha.
I-Axis I: Izifo zengqondo
Iingxaki ezinkulu zengqondo zafunyaniswa kwi-Axis I. Xa ucinga ngesifo sokuxilongwa ngengqondo, ezi ziintlobo zeengxaki eziye zafika engqondweni. Ngokomzekelo, ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka kunye neengxaki zokuxinwa kweengxaki emva kokuxilongwa zifunyaniswe kwi-Axis I. Iingxaki zokufunda, ezifana nokufunda okanye iziphazamiso ze-arithmetic, kunye nokukhubazeka okuphuhlisayo, ezifana nokukhubazeka kwe-autistic, kwakhona kwafunyaniswa kwi-Axis I.
I-Axis Ndandisoloko ndilondolozwe ngenxa yeziphazamiso ezinkulu ezicingelwa ukuba ziyi-episodic, nto leyo ithetha ukuba iqala ngokucacileyo kunye nexesha lokuxolelwa okanye ukubuyiswa. Oku kwakungekho nyaniso kuzo zonke iingxaki ze-Axis I, nangona kunjalo. Iziphazamiso ze-Autistic, umzekelo, aziyiyo i-episodic.
I-Axis II: Ukuphazamiseka koBuntu okanye ukuLawula kwengqondo
I-Axis II iquka kunye neemeko esinokucinga ngazo izifo zengqondo, kodwa ezi zicatshangelwe ukuba ziimeko ezide zide zikhona phambi kweminyaka eyi-18.
Ubunzima bomntu bubuninzi, iipateni eziqhelekileyo zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kubonakale ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eyi-18 kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ufunyaniswa emva kwe-18, xa ubonwa ngobuntu. Ezi ngxaki azicingwa njenge-episodic; zithathwa njengezizinzile kwaye zingapheliyo.
Ukulibaziseka kwengqondo (MR) kwakhona yimiqathango emide ekufuneka ibe khona phambi kweminyaka eyi-18 kwaye izinzile ngexesha elide. UMONG ubhekisela kwimisebenzi engaphantsi kwe-intsebenziswano yokusebenza kwengqondo kunye kunye nokulahleka ekuphatheni okufanelekileyo.
Esinye isisombululo sokuxilongwa kweengxaki zobuntu kunye noM MR kwi-Axis II kukuba zezi ziimeko ezingapheliyo ezimele zihlukaniswe kwiimeko ze-Axis I ukuze zivumele ukuba zigqitywe njengoko zihambisa ulwazi olongezelelweyo lweengxaki zokuxilonga. Kukho ukuphikisana, nokuba kunjalo, malunga nokuba ubunzima bobubomi buhluke ngokwenene kuneAxis Izifo zonyango, nokuba ngaba kufuneka bahlale kwi-Axis II.
I-Axis III: IiMpilo okanye iMimoya
I-Axis III yayigcinelwe kwiimeko zonyango okanye zenyama ezingathintela okanye zichaphazeleke ngemicimbi yengqondo yengqondo.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntu unomdlavuza, kwaye ukugula kunye neyeza zabo zichaphazela impilo yabo yengqondo, oko kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yolwazi oluza kuhanjiswa. Ngoko, ukuxilongwa komhlaza kuya kufakwa kwi-Axis III.
Ngaphandle koko, umntu unokufumana imeko yonyango echaphazelekayo kwimpilo yengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu onesifo sikashukela akanako ukuthobela i-regimen yonyango xa enesifo sengqondo esibangela ukunyamezela okanye ukuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle.
Ukuchonga ukugula kwezempilo kwi-Axis III kukukunceda uqaphele ugqirha weengxaki.
I-Axis IV: Ubume bendalo okanye iiNkcazo zengqondo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwezifo zengqondo kwenzeka kwiimeko eziphambili zokusingqongileyo okanye zentlalo. Umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukwahlukana, iingxaki zemali okanye ukungenamakhaya kungabangela ukuba uphuhliso okanye ukugcinwa kwempilo yengqondo. Ingxaki yengqondo ingakhokelela ekuphuhliseni aba baxinzelelo. Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zenkqubela zibhalwe kwi-Axis IV.
I-Axis V: Uvavanyo lweSizwe lokuSebenza
I-axis yokugqibela, i-Axis V, yayigcinwe ukuhlolwa kwehlabathi jikelele yokusebenza (GAF).
I-GAF iyinombolo ephakathi kwe-0 no-100 eyayisetyenziselwe ukubonisa izinga lakho lokusebenza, okanye ukukwazi kwakho ukubandakanya ukuhlala kwimihla ngemihla.
Amanqaku ambalwa abonisa ukusebenza okuphantsi, kunye namanqaku e-zero ebonisa ukuba umntu akakwazi ukugcina ukhuseleko okanye ukucoceka okuyisiseko okanye kwakusongela ukhuseleko okanye intlalontle yabanye. Amanqaku angaphantsi kwe-100 akhombise ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Kutheni i-DSM-5 ihamba ne-Multiaxial Diagnosis?
Inkqubo ye-multiaxial yayijoliswe ekuncedeni ukwenza ukwahlula phakathi koxilongo, kodwa kunoko wadala ukudideka kunye nophando oluchaphazelekileyo. I-DSM-5 iye yadibanisa iipoksi ezintathu zokuqala ukuze kupheliswe ulwahlulo phakathi koxilongo, olunceda oogqirha, abaphandi kunye nenkampani ye-inshorensi. Oogqirha baqhubeka bevavanya izigulane kwiimbalo ezimbini zokugqibela, benza nje ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zokugula ngengqondo, i-4th ed, i-text revised. Washington, DC, Umbhali, 2000.
UBernstein, iDP, Iscan, C, iMaser, J, iBhodi yabaLawuli, uMbutho woPhando kwiNkathazo yoMntu, kunye neBhodi yabaLawuli, uMbutho woLuntu kwiSifundo soPhuculo lwaBantu. "Iingcamango zeengxaki zeengxaki zobuntu malunga ne-DSM-IV Inkqubo yokuhlukana kwabantu." I-Journal of Disorders Personality , 21: 536-551, 2007.
"Ukutshintsha i-Multiaxial System." University of South Carolina (2013).